Although the Peshawar-based exile groups overshadowed all others in world attention, three Afghan resistance groups had offices in Qum, Iran. These groups were:
(1) The Afghanistan Islamic Movement Association, led by a Hazara named Mohamed Asif Mohseni.
(2) The
Al-Nasr (Victory) group, headed by Mir Hoseyn Sadequi.
(3) The
Shura.
[...]
Up until 1981, Iranian support had been more verbal than material. Then in 1981 or 1982 the Khomeini government began to provide some material assistance, including arms, to the Hazarajat-based
Al Nasr. When the Khomeini government offered to do the same for other resistance groups, including Massoud's in the Panjshir Valley, the offer was rebuffed because of political conditions requiring support for Iran's foreign policy. What then happened is best described by the following account of a French reporter in 1983:
The Iranians consider the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan the most favorable situation for the consolidation and extension of their influence in the country. In the beginning they decided to help all the Hazara groups without discrimination. When it did not work according to their wishes, they changed their policy and decided to federate the groups under the umbrella of one organization, Nasr, a party which they found the best organized. Nasr, founded in 1980, is the amalgamation of two parties...the Iranians gave their support to Nasr which had established strong bases. ...
But last year (1982) the Iranians sent a delegation to Hazarajat in order to investigate the activities of Nasr and to see how their military and financial help was being used. The Iranians were deeply disappointed and convinced that it was impossible to accomplish anything with the Afghan parties. Then they decided to operate through their own Iranian party inside Afghanistan and created the Sepah-e-Pasdaran; it has the same structure and the same organization as the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Party, only the members are Afghans. This year Nasr is losing strength fast and Sepah-e-Pasdaran is receiving all the assistance. But for the ordinary Hazara, there is little difference between Nasr and Sepah.