can't post links yet
There are some articles here:google scholar, fluoride + fluorosis + research + laboratories
Fluorosis definitely does exist and it is caused by consuming too much fluoride (actually flourine delivered by a fluoride compound) over time as it accumulates in the body. There are levels of fluorosis and many of the symptoms can be caused by other conditions, which confuses the issue and may lead to under reporting.
One tube of fluoride toothpaste contains enough fluoride to kill a small child.
As to adding fluoride to our water supply? It doesn't seem like good science to me; consider the variables.
Size of the person drinking the water - how many medications or supplements are given at the same dosage for everyone from infants to adults.
Consumption - highly active people tend to drink more water and therefore consume more fluoride. Infants fed formula made with the water have the highest ingestion by body weight.
Diet - fluoride is present in foods, in black (as opposed to green) tea it is particularly high. It will be higher in crops that are grown using fluoridated irrigation water.
Medication - anesthetics, antacids, antibiotics, anti deppresants, anti fungals, antihistamines, antilepemics, anti malarial, antimetabolites, appetite supressants, anti arthritics, psychotropics, steroids. Can contain Fluoride.
How can it make sense to set the amount of fluoride per volume of water?
How can it not make sense to evaluate individually?
Look at your toothpaste - it will say sodium fluoride which is the same thing that is added to the water. The anti fluoride camp say that the sodium fluoride used is industrial waste from aluminium or fertilizer production or nuclear reactors (South Africa). The pro fluoride camp do not deny this or state that the waste is treated to remove any other undesirable chemicals.
The anti fluoride side of the debate is weakened by some of it's members being highly vocal on conspiracy theories, allowing non thinking, non researching, individuals to discount much of what is said.
Also wikipedia Fluoridation_by_country
Pick a country and google it's tooth caries rate you will have an interesting time if you do a few of them.
What is your definition of non-pseudoscientific? You might like to search for Dr Dean Burk and note his qualification and experience and then see the results of his study on cancer deaths over ten years of records. Pseudoscience?
As to sodium fluoride toxicology (that is the type used in toothpaste and drinking water and I assume that is what you mean) just google "sodium fluoride hazard rating".
I have just ordered a distillation unit. Why? I've got dental cavities and dental fluorosis, my dentist whose qualifications are as good as any others does not use fluoride or recommend fluoride toothpaste. I've been researching fluoride for days and have no faith in the pseudoscience of adding it to drinking water or brushing my teeth with fluoride toothpaste.
I asked my doctor if she was aware of fluorosis? answer "It occurs when there is too much fluoride", if she knew the source of fluoride in our tap water is it pharmacetical grade? answer "no but I assume it's pharmaceutical grade", how much fluoride I would consume in a day if I drank 2 litres of water per day? answer "I don't know" How much fluoride per day would a baby fed formula made with tap water consume? answer "OMG"

- she treats a lot of babies. If she had heard of Dean Burk and his research? answer "no".
I like my doctor and I consider her to be a professional in every regard but she had never looked beyond what she was taught at med school and the conspiracy theory.