Batter up, a softball for you nomuse.......
And you studied biology WHERE?
Do you actually think that every potential combination is of equal probability? Do you think every organism has potential to go in any possible direction? That's as insane as thinking that the fitness landscape is completely flat.
And the construction of your following sentence betrays that you, just like the Creationists, can't free your mind from thinking of the end state as a goal. We ended up with the modern avian, pulmonary system and all (how is it, by the by, that you can spell "pulmonary" but can't spell "Naturalistic?") But we could have just as well ended up in billions of other places, with other functional systems (or with evolutionary dead ends, for that matter).
This is like analyzing the probability of an accident after the fact. Before it happened, it may have been a thousand-to-one odds against the double-boiler being hit by a falling brick and collapsing sideways on to a half-empty can of gasoline. After it happened, the odds of it happening are....ONE.
Batter up, a softball for you nomuse.......
Fancy meeting you here here nomuse. Somehow, I get the feeling you shall not last long in this neck of the woods. But to be fair, I'll serve you up a big fat softball. I respectfully request that NO ONE! help nomuse with this soft ball question for a week. If he doesn't answer it, come up with a reasonable explanation by then, at that time others are welcome/invited to provide nomuse help by way of a suggested "solution". I myself shall provide a good solution/possible explanation as well.
So nomuse, you buy into the mainstream view of the modern synthesis' mechanism do you? Well then, riddle me this young man;
The human genome contains 4 different haemoglobin type domains. Two of the domains code for the more familiar alpha and beta chains of the haemoglobin found in adult red blood cells. Another domain codes for a fetal haemoglobin chain, and a fourth domain codes for myoglobin, the latter, a heme based carrier of oxygen found within muscles. We assume in outline the tenets of the modern synthesis, its mechanism, the model for evolution in which you believe nomuse.
Such being the case, one would assume all four of the haemoglobin chains arose from a common haemoglobin ancestor. We might call that HA. So HA became first alpha say, then alpha became beta, then beta became fetal, then fetal became myoglobin. This isn't a real path, just an example to make a point. AND, the point is, were the modern synthesis on target, its mechanism, one would expect the haemoglobins and myoglobin would line up in such a way, have conventional mechanism evident by way of a step by step logical haemoglobin thread, one leading to the next. A sequence of haemoglobins, a pedigree should be evident, one underscoring your favored mechanism nomuse, mutations occurring that lead from one heme protein coding domain to the next. You'd be able to tell such was the case, that the modern synthesis was valid, if say in my hypothetical above; DNA sequence wise/homology wise, alpha was found to be closer to HA than beta, was found to be closer than fetal, was found to be closer than myoglobin.
As it turns out, nothing could be further from the truth. In the first place, myoglobin is very distinct in terms of its coding sequence as compared to the adult haemoglobins(alpha, beta) and fetal haemoglobin. The three of them, hemoglobin alpha, haemoglobin beta and fetal haemoglobin are equally distant from myoglobin in terms of their coding, their respective DNA sequences.
Beta and fetal haemoglobins are much closer together DNA sequence wise than either are to alpha. On the other hand, the DNA sequence homology, the sequence distances between alpha and fetal and beta and fetal are equal.
So you questioned my fundamental competency nomuse, now I will challenge yours with a simple "soft ball" as I said and we shall all see if you have any common sense as regards this subject at all.
If the conventionally proposed mechanism for evolution is valid; mutation/crossing over/meiosis/fertilization/loss/doubling/transposition, how could this/might this mixed up hodge-podge of heme based proteins ever come about?
PLEASE!!!!! NO NO NO HELPING HIM, after one week we can all join in. Who knows, maybe he'll put me in my place and give us the best answer anyone has ever suggested for this. Somehow I think not though.
Batter up nomuse, you talk awfully big, let's see what you've got……..