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UFOs: The Research, the Evidence

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This is another argument from ignorance, an attempt to shift the burden of proof on others to provide support for your own claims. It is a logical fallacy that you have been repeatedly making ever since you began posting here in the UFO-related threads. I am humbly asking you to please refrain from that tactic in the future, because it is improper discussion protocol.

You make the claim, you provide the evidence. That's how it works. Now let's not let the discussion get sidetracked any further into a meta-debate about semantics or the process of debating.

You have been presented with a large number of questions which you have thus far failed to answer to anyone's satisfaction. So let's concentrate on getting those out of the way for the benefit of everyone concerned. Sound fair enough?


Amazing how the poster turns their lack of knowledge and presentation of relevant information into an "agument from ignorance" on my part. This tactical maneuvering is transparent, and continuing to use it does nothing to add credibility or weight to their position.

The other thing is that I'm not here to answer questions to anyone's "satisfaction". What I have done so far is provide reasonable information for which no reasonable rebuttal has been given. Here's how it's gone so far:

  • The speaker in the video I was asked to comment on made several misleading statements with respect to ufos including misrepresenting the definition, when in fact the official definition by the people who created the term defines them within the proper context of the discussion. I backed my comment with a quote of the exact air force regulations, thus proving my point.
  • I was asked to provide an explanation of how ufos are differentiated from mundane explanations, and gave the answer within the context of the immediate discussion.
  • I was asked to provide an example of other kinds of UFO besides structured craft that fit the official definition and answered with a description and a relevant case example supported by official documentation.
What has the opposing viewpoints consisted of? Nothing but denials, rejections and maneuvering ... even to the point of denying that I had even answered the questions ... even after I posted the links to the questions and the answers given earlier. So now it's time for the skeptics to:

  • Disprove the USAF were the ones who created the term UFO and defined it under AFR 200-2 Feb 05, 1958 as I stated.
  • Disprove that E.J. Ruppelt was head of Project Blue Book, the official UFO investigative department of the USAF at the time of the Washington National sightings.
  • Disprove that Ruppelt did not agree with the temerature inversion theory.
  • Disprove that the the United States Weather Bureau also disagreed with the temperature inversion hypothesis.
  • Disprove that the archival microfilm reproduction provided is genuine.
  • Disprove that jets were scrambled to intercept unidentified objects that were tracked on radar over the US Capitol
Remember again, we're not in a situation of "extraordinary claims" here, and I've provided information that if untrue should be easily refuted or disproven ... that means it's up to the skeptics here to do it, so I'm waiting.
 
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I had also answered that question by pointing out that sufficient information from which to reasonably determine misperceptions, hoaxes, misidentifacation etc ... had to have been available otherwise the sighting report was thrown into the "insufficient information" pile and never made it through the screening. Sufficient information would be finding evidence of a hoax such as an admission by the hoaxer with some corroborating facts ... possibly also evidence in the way of an object ... e.g. a hubcap or model of some kind.
So, if we can't find a hoax, it's not a hoax? Why couldn't it still be a hoax, just one that we haven't found yet? Those hoaxes are the ones they call "good" hoaxes (hoaxes that work).

How do you *exhaustively* determine it can be no possible, conceivable hoax? You can't, that's why your process and reasoning above is problematic.

Using your process, I'd be motivated to pull off a really good hoax. Then I'd be sure you would dismiss the possibility of a hoax.
 
Ooook...

Disprove the whole "Washington UFO case" is just much ado about nothing.

Disprove the jets were sent to intercept something that wasn't there.

Disprove disagreements with thermal inversion explanation are not equal to aliens.

Oh, disprove they were caused by Si-based lifeforms from the upper atmosphere that are mistaken as alien craft.
 
Amazing how the poster turns their lack of knowledge and presentation of relevant information into an "agument from ignorance" on my part.


Um, refusing to back up your own claims with evidence and challenging your opponent to disprove them instead is the definition of an argument from ignorance.

Let it be noted that when challenged to present evidence to back up his kooky claims of outer space aliens being chased by USAF fighter jets over Washington D.C., Mr. J. Randall Murphy (noted pseudoscientist, and founder and proprietor of the online bookstore and UFO club "Ufology Society International") responds by shifting the burden of proof onto the skeptics and asserting a conspiracy of disinformation on the part of everyone who disagrees with him.

Mr. J. Randall Murphy* persists in his use of these dishonest and illogical debating tactics even though he has been repeatedly warned that these arguments represent improper and dishonest failures of logical form and debating protocol. Therefore it is reasonable to conclude that Mr. J. Randall Murphy* has absolutely no interest in participating in an honest and fair discussion wherever anyone might question his faith-based beliefs in extraterrestrial visitation and related pseudoscientific mythology.


The other thing is that I'm not here to answer questions to anyone's "satisfaction". What I have done so far is provide reasonable information for which no reasonable rebuttal has been given.


Numerous follow-up questions have been asked of Mr. J. Randall Murphy* in the pursuit of clarification regarding flaws in his arguments from anecdote, but he refuses to answer them, instead offering only arguments from ignorance, arguments by assertion, dishonest redefinitions, special pleadings, and allegations of persecution.


  • The speaker in the video I was asked to comment on made several misleading statements with respect to ufos including misrepresenting the definition, when in fact the official definition by the people who created the term defines them within the proper context of the discussion. I backed my comment with a quote of the exact air force regulations, thus proving my point.


Here we see Mr. J. Randall Murphy (noted pseudoscientist and founder and proprietor of the online bookstore and UFO club "Ufology Society International") blatantly lying in defense of one of his dishonest redefinitions of the terms of discussion. Specifically, Mr. J. Randall Murphy has committed a fallacy of "high redefinition" whereby a definition is narrowed to a specific subset of the actual definition, with the intent of limiting the term to only cover the specific contexts which the debater wishes to address.

It has already been pointed out that the alternate definition he provided for the acronym "UFO" is not only incongruent with the widespread common usage, but it also defies the exact wording denoted by the acronym itself ("Unidentified Flying Object"), and is also only one of many "official" definitions used by the USAF regarding the term, so his selection of that specific wording over all others represents an act of dishonest cherry-picking.

Instead of simply accepting the acronym to mean what it literally says ("Unidentified Flying Object"), Mr. J. Randall Murphy* has attempted to assert that his dishonest redefinition somehow validates the actual existence of spacecraft of non-human manufacture, because he asserts that definition was what the USAF "meant" by coining the acronym in the first place. This is clearly a ridiculous argument from misleading authority on top of being a fallacious redefinition, cherry-picked from an obscure bit of source material and justified by means of a vapid special pleading that discussions pertaining to "UFOlogy" require special definitions different from their normal English usage.


  • I was asked to provide an explanation of how ufos are differentiated from mundane explanations, and gave the answer within the context of the immediate discussion.


Clarification of this explanation was subsequently requested by several people in the form of numerous questions, but Mr. J. Randall Murphy* has thus far refused to address or even acknowledge these questions.


  • I was asked to provide an example of other kinds of UFO besides structured craft that fit the official definition and answered with a description and a relevant case example supported by official documentation.


The case presented by Mr. J Randall Murphy* was a wholly unsupported anecdote, and it therefore engendered a flurry of requests for evidence, along with several questions regarding the veracity of the details it contained. Mr. J. Randall Murphy has thus far refused to address or even acknowledge several of these questions or any of the requests for actual evidence.



What has the opposing viewpoints consisted of? Nothing but denials, rejections and maneuvering ... even to the point of denying that I had even answered the questions ... even after I posted the links to the questions and the answers given earlier.


This is yet another example of the type of allegations of persecution typical of pseudoscientists like Mr. J. Randall Murphy* when asked to furnish the required evidence to support his extraordinary claims.

It is not true that the skeptics have offered nothing but denials. It is true that some denials have been made for statements that are logically or factually incorrect, but many questions have also been asked in response to Mr. J. Randall Murphy's* outlandish claims. Mr. J. Randall Murphy* has simply ignored the vast majority of these questions and challenges, or else tried to shift the burden of proof through appeals to ignorance and special pleadings, or has decried claims of persecution in the fashion typical of pseudoscientists.


  • Disprove the USAF were the ones who created the term UFO and defined it under AFR 200-2 Feb 05, 1958 as I stated.


Irrelevant.

It has already been pointed out that the alternate definition for the acronym "UFO" is not only incongruent with the widespread common usage, but it also defies the exact wording denoted by the acronym itself "Unidentified Flying Object"), and is also only one of many "official" definitions used by the USAF regarding the term, so J. Randall Murphys* selection of that specific wording over all others represents an act of dishonest cherry-picking.

Besides its irrelevance, that item was never in contention, so attempting to engage that argument is a dishonest stawman tactic.



  • Disprove that E.J. Ruppelt was head of Project Blue Book, the official UFO investigative department of the USAF at the time of the Washington National sightings.


Again, irrelevant.

It has already been pointed out that the alternate definition for the acronym "UFO" is not only incongruent with the widespread common usage, but it also defies the exact wording denoted by the acronym itself "Unidentified Flying Object"), and is also only one of many definitions used by the USAF regarding the term, so J. Randall Murphys* selection of that specific wording over all others represents an act of dishonest cherry-picking.

Besides its irrelevance, that item was never in contention, so attempting to engage that argument is a dishonest stawman tactic.


  • Disprove that Ruppelt did not agree with the temerature inversion theory.


Appeal to misleading authority.

What were Ruppelt's qualifications to make such a statement?


  • Disprove that the the United States Weather Bureau also disagreed with the temperature inversion hypothesis.


Got any verifiable evidence to back up this assertion?


  • Disprove that the archival microfilm reproduction provided is genuine.


That item was never in contention, so attempting to engage that argument is a dishonest stawman tactic.


  • Disprove that jets were scrambled to intercept unidentified objects that were tracked on radar over the US Capitol


That item was never in contention, so attempting to engage that argument is a dishonest stawman tactic. The only contention to your argument is the disingenuous use of the term, "scrambled" which was not present in the original report.


Remember again, we're not in a situation of "extraordinary claims" here, and I've provided information that if untrue should be easily refuted or disproven ... that means it's up to the skeptics here to do it, so I'm waiting.


You have not provided evidence. You have only made claims. Regardless whether those claims are "extraordinary" or not, you made them, therefore the burden of proof is on you to support them, and not on us to refute them.


* Mr. J. Randall Murphy is a noted pseudoscientist, and the sole founder and proprietor of the online bookstore and UFO club "Ufology Society International." He is identified on the JREF Forums by the pseudonym, "ufology."
 
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So, if we can't find a hoax, it's not a hoax? Why couldn't it still be a hoax, just one that we haven't found yet? Those hoaxes are the ones they call "good" hoaxes (hoaxes that work).

How do you *exhaustively* determine it can be no possible, conceivable hoax? You can't, that's why your process and reasoning above is problematic.

Using your process, I'd be motivated to pull off a really good hoax. Then I'd be sure you would dismiss the possibility of a hoax.


As I'd mentioned before, the bias of USAF investigations was not in favor of an extraterrestrial explanation. If there were sufficient evidence to have reasonably suggested a hoax, then the reports would have been classed as hoaxes.

However it wasn't reasonable to propose that a hoax could be responsible for the radar/visual sightings. How does one hoax an object that can be tracked on radar and outrun a USAF jet ... other than by building some kind of craft that is capable of doing so? Certainly it's not something any prankster could do in their garage.

The only other way the Washington National sightings could have all been hoaxes would be to propose that it was perpetrated in concert by the radar operators, jet pilots, USAF commanders, news agencies and eyewitnesses, both military and civilian. Given the logistics of such a massive hoax, the probabilities are so small as to make the suggestion absurd.

It's more likely, that if there was any attempt at a hoax, it was the weak explanations offered by officials suggesting, contrary to what was seen by numerous witnesses and tracked on radar, that there were no objects.
 
However it wasn't reasonable to propose that a hoax could be responsible for the radar/visual sightings. How does one hoax an object that can be tracked on radar and outrun a USAF jet ... other than by building some kind of craft that is capable of doing so? Certainly it's not something any prankster could do in their garage.

The only other way the Washington National sightings could have all been hoaxes would be to propose that it was perpetrated in concert by the radar operators, jet pilots, USAF commanders, news agencies and eyewitnesses, both military and civilian. Given the logistics of such a massive hoax, the probabilities are so small as to make the suggestion absurd.

Wait, we weren't talking about the Washington national sightings, we were speaking in general. (And I think it's very important to settle on general principles, then they can/should be applied without bias to individual cases and we let the chips fall where they may.)

To refresh your memory:

From http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showthread.php?postid=7536025#post7536025

This question: "How then do you tell the difference between the ones that are [UFOs by your chosen definition] and the ones which are misperceptions, hoaxes, misidentification, etc?" was the prefix to the question I have answered and I had also answered that question by pointing out that sufficient information from which to reasonably determine misperceptions, hoaxes, misidentifacation etc ...

I had answered (from http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showthread.php?postid=7536423#post7536423)

So, if we can't find a hoax, it's not a hoax? Why couldn't it still be a hoax, just one that we haven't found yet? Those hoaxes are the ones they call "good" hoaxes (hoaxes that work).

How do you *exhaustively* determine it can be no possible, conceivable hoax? You can't, that's why your process and reasoning above is problematic.

Using your process, I'd be motivated to pull off a really good hoax. Then I'd be sure you would dismiss the possibility of a hoax.

I'd love to hear your answers, as statements of general principles and the general process that should be used. Then we can apply what we have to the Washington National case.
 
...Mr. J. Randall Murphy* persists in his use of these dishonest and illogical debating tactics even though he has been repeatedly warned that these arguments represent improper and dishonest failures of logical form and debating protocol. Therefore it is reasonable to conclude that Mr. J. Randall Murphy* has absolutely no interest in participating in an honest and fair discussion wherever anyone might question his faith-based beliefs in extraterrestrial visitation and related pseudoscientific mythology....

As you have clearly pointed out it is quite common for people with no substance to their claims to substitute endless waffeling for evidence.

Sometimes it is because they refuse to admit their error in reasoning to themselves, at other times it because they have something to sell.
 
No.

He would say something about entering in the time machine and escape through time to the 60's...
 
Wait, we weren't talking about the Washington national sightings, we were speaking in general. (And I think it's very important to settle on general principles, then they can/should be applied without bias to individual cases and we let the chips fall where they may.)

I'd love to hear your answers, as statements of general principles and the general process that should be used. Then we can apply what we have to the Washington National case.


Perhaps we need to point out the trail of the conversation again as itemized here: http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showpost.php?p=7536358&postcount=11461

However if you would like to accept that the points I've made up until now are factual ( as they in fact are ), then we can certainly move on to general principles. A couple of important factors in this regard have already been mentioned, specifically the understanding of the definitions and contexts involved, the most important of which are to distinguish between the concept of UFO reports and ufos themselves. It isn't correct, as was portrayed in the video that kicked this off, that ufos are simply unidentified objects.

Certainly UFO reports prior to being screened are referencing unknown objects. However when the initial report is applied to the screening process, for example AFR 200-2 Feb 05 1958, or some similar screening process by a civilian ufology interest group, if the object in question is then classed as a ufo, the object in question is not simply something that "could be anything", as is often mistakenly claimed. Many natural and manmade possibilities have already been ruled out through the process of investigation and logical deduction. And again, contrary to the assertions of many skeptics, this is entirely possible to do. For example, was it a bird? No? Why not? It was travelling at Mach 1. OK is was not a bird. Was it a balloon? No. Why not? Same reason it wasn't a bird. OK it was not a balloon. Was it an airplane? No? Why not? Airplanes have wings and this was perfectly disk shaped, like a "doughnut without the hole" ... etc ...

Certainly such deductive reasoning does not prove extraterrestrial beings are visiting planet Earth, but it does reasonably indicate the presence of something alien to our civilization. It also suggests that the officials with the ability to monitor near Earth objects ( primarily military agencies ) probably know more about these phenomena than they have been letting on.

Another point of general principle is that ufology itself has a number of facets and that the context of the discussion needs to be maintained or the discussion will quickly lose its integrity. For example, at this moment, we are dealing with ufology studies in the context of core subject matter, historical cases and public perception. We're not talking about alien abduction, channelling, cuture, mythology or religion. Neither are we dealing with a scientific analysis. Those two areas are at polar opposites of the ufology spectrum. The largest portion of information and consequently discussion, revolves around the the human experience of ufo sightings, and is often referred to as The UFO Experience. It is generally accepted, even by skeptics, that given the huge number of such experiences, that ufos are real. What is generally not agreed upon are the possible explanations as to exactly what they are, where they come from, and why they are here.
 
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How about you address the null belief of ufo's as mundane objects instead of trying to redefine both evidence and ufo's.
 
Certainly such deductive reasoning does not prove extraterrestrial beings are visiting planet Earth, but it does reasonably indicate the presence of something alien to our civilization.

No, it does nothing of the sort. You can't even prove the existence of aliens let alone prove that they are here.
 
(...snip)It is generally accepted, even by skeptics, that given the huge number of such experiences, that ufos are real

Hi ufology - interesting (if confused) thread.

Just for clarity, are you defining "ufo" as literally "unidentified flying object" (which includes mundane earthly possible explanations), or are you defining it to mean actual visitation, using powered craft, from a species of non-Earth origin?
 
As I'd mentioned before, the bias of USAF investigations was not in favor of an extraterrestrial explanation.


Maybe not, but your own "investigations" certainly appear to exhibit that particular bias, to the point where you actively infer correlations that support that explanation and ignore any possibilities that contradict it.


However it wasn't reasonable to propose that a hoax could be responsible for the radar/visual sightings. How does one hoax an object that can be tracked on radar and outrun a USAF jet ... other than by building some kind of craft that is capable of doing so? Certainly it's not something any prankster could do in their garage.

The only other way the Washington National sightings could have all been hoaxes would be to propose that it was perpetrated in concert by the radar operators, jet pilots, USAF commanders, news agencies and eyewitnesses, both military and civilian. Given the logistics of such a massive hoax, the probabilities are so small as to make the suggestion absurd.

It's more likely, that if there was any attempt at a hoax, it was the weak explanations offered by officials suggesting, contrary to what was seen by numerous witnesses and tracked on radar, that there were no objects.


Perhaps you missed this post by Astrophotographer, wherein he presented a couple plausible alternative explanations:

As for this case, you omit telling everyone (and it has been pointed out repeatedly) that this was Ruppelt reading about a report he saw that was never filed. There is no evidence it even happened as described (or even happened at all). In fact, the pilot is the only person who saw the UFO. If the pilot really did fire his guns over US air space where it was possible he could hit innocent civilians, it would have been a serious violation of the rules. What better way to explain his eagerness to pull the trigger and play with his guns than he was chasing a UFO? I am not stating that is what happened but it is a realistic possibility that MUST be considered. Had he reported he was chasing a flying dragon, you would dismiss it even though there is the same amount of evidence for flying dragons as there are for these UFO craft.


The fact that there is no possible way to test the "evidence" against any new hypotheses is another important reason why anecdotes are practically worthless for supporting extraordinary claims.
 
Just for clarity, are you defining "ufo" as literally "unidentified flying object" (which includes mundane earthly possible explanations), or are you defining it to mean actual visitation, using powered craft, from a species of non-Earth origin?

This is exactly why the term "ufo" is useless...it is ambiguous and lacks clarity. The flying saucer "nutjobs" of the 50's and 60's felt that by using the term "ufo", it would somehow give them respectability. Then they would pull the old "bait and switch", and suddenly start talking about aliens visitors.

...and through all this, they fooled no one.

I really don't think UFOlogy is that stupid...but I've been proven wrong before. :)
 
This is exactly why the term "ufo" is useless...it is ambiguous and lacks clarity. The flying saucer "nutjobs" of the 50's and 60's felt that by using the term "ufo", it would somehow give them respectability. Then they would pull the old "bait and switch", and suddenly start talking about aliens visitors.

...and through all this, they fooled no one.

I really don't think UFOlogy is that stupid...but I've been proven wrong before. :)

Quite - a bit like the 'IDism' is not 'Creationism' nonsense (but that's not for here).

I was particularly interested in clarification in the context of where ufology states:
It is generally accepted, even by skeptics, that given the huge number of such experiences, that ufos are real. What is generally not agreed upon are the possible explanations as to exactly what they are, where they come from, and why they are here
because if he means ufo to mean literally "unidentified flying object" (which includes mundane Earthly possible explanations) then:
What is generally not agreed upon are the possible explanations as to exactly what they are, where they come from, and why they are here.
... is utter bunkum.

If, however, he means actual visitation, using powered craft, from a species of non-Earth origin then this:
It is generally accepted, even by skeptics, that given the huge number of such experiences, that ufos are real
... is utter bunkum

Either way - utter bunkum is prevalent!
 
Sorry, ufology, I wasn't clear. I meant general principles regarding hoaxes, as I had asked you about previously.

May I ask for direct answers to these questions?

So, if we can't find a hoax, it's not a hoax? Why couldn't it still be a hoax, just one that we haven't found yet? Those hoaxes are the ones they call "good" hoaxes (hoaxes that work).

How do you *exhaustively* determine it can be no possible, conceivable hoax? You can't, that's why your process and reasoning above is problematic.

Using your process, I'd be motivated to pull off a really good hoax. Then I'd be sure you would dismiss the possibility of a hoax.
 
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