• Quick note - the problem with Youtube videos not embedding on the forum appears to have been fixed, thanks to ZiprHead. If you do still see problems let me know.

UFOs: The Research, the Evidence

Status
Not open for further replies.
Just to add to the above commentary as I reviewed Hendry's UFO handbook a little while ago. He states the following about satellites:

The only real deviation reported by the witnesses is a well-known illusion based on the same autokinetic effects that "move" stars. Involuntary jerky motions of the eye can make a satellite appear to "jog off course and back again in five seconds" (case 190), "zigzag" (cases 719 and 804), and "wobble" (case 1080). An absence of a frame of reference, especially overhead, can make judging a satellite's motion difficult. The witness in case 827 thought that the satellite "stopped once" for a matter of seconds in a five-minute transit of the sky. Even the noted science author Arthur C. Clarke has recounted how and film director Stanley Kubrick thought an Echo satellite passing over Manhattan came to rest when it was directly overhead! (pages 44-45)

Richard Feynman once said, The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool.

Can that apply in this UFO report?
 
How is one to defend oneself against false accusations of being a liar?


Apparently the simple expedient of not lying hasn't occurred to you.


RoboTimbo said:
So if the statement being tested is (correcting for the fact that “explanations” cannot cause anything):

H0: "All UFO sightings are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects "​
No, you've lied here. That wasn't the null hypothesis.


Here is the null hypothesis that wollery stated:

The null hypothesis is "All UFO sightings are mundane in origin".

You lied. You were already assembling your strawman argument. So when you posted this:

(There, that's both of wollery's posts now attended to...:))


You were lying again, knowing that you had lied about answering his first post.


If I'm incorrect about your lying, you should easily be able to refute it. Otherwise, the evidence is right there in your own posts that you are a liar.
 
Evidence for the existence of gooses = lots
Evidence for the existence of Ayleeuns = none
Therefore it is more likely to be something that we have evidence for it's existence and forthermore, something that has a precedent for looking like something it's not.

To explain a UFO as ET is not warranted. We simply do not have any direct evidence to suggest that UFOs can be so explained.

However, we do have circumstantial evidence (ostensible “nuts and bolts” craft, intelligent control and associated beings) and we know that science predicts that ET should exist.

So either ETs are visiting earth or they are not.

If they are, it is nevertheless impossible to know the likelihood of a particular UFO being able to be explained by ET.

But equally, we do not know that they are not visiting us.

I therefore never have, nor do I intend to, explain any UFOs as ET.

It is however possible to work out whether a particular UFO report can be explained by geese.

In the case of my own particular UFO sighting the likelihood is practically zero. I say this for a number of reasons. The great height, the luminosity and the pattern of motion forming the principal of those.

How does something at "great height" or satellite height (essentially something that is above the atmosphere), not get affected by the exact same atmospheric effect that makes the stars twinkle?
As a child I would often watch satellites pass overhead and it was apparent that they did not twinkle as stars did. Even the planets do not twinkle as stars do. There is a measurable difference between the pattern of light from satellites and planets and stars. Perhaps you have never looked to the night sky to see for yourself – or perhaps you live in a city where this is impossible?

The objects I observed did not twinkle as stars do, but shone more in the manner of a satellite or planet.

So have you now dropped the ridiculous assertion that you were in a goose free zone where gooses fear to fly forever and always?
Not at all, there have never been any geese in the area, nor, to my knowledge, have any ever been sighted flying over the area. It is a heavily forested and mountainous area and there are much easier passages inland to the west. Any geese would make for the nearest safe land after an arduous sea journey and there is simply no safe landing for them in the place or the surrounding area, while there is closer landfall to the west for them where they can follow the coast until a safe passage inland to grazing areas is found.

Perish the thought that a bird might have to fly over an ocean.
The “birds hypothesis” is a complete furphy in any case. How do you explain the brilliant illumination (a starlike “pinprick” of light). How do you explain the unwavering regularity of formation and the oscillation of the first two objects around a central axis? And how do you explain the great height?

Re your “twinkliness”:
It is however a good descriptor and can be used for city lights in the mid to far distance as well as stars (and of course unicorn's farts). The common thing being that points of light, when passing through the atmosphere go through a sciency explainable 'twinkle filter'™ that makes them twinkle.
So quite obviously you have found this case too much for you and rather than address the substantial issues simply revert to type with denial ridicule, and obfuscation?

Get back to me when you feel you might be able to actually conduct a rational debate.

The point you are missing (avoiding?) is NOT whether geese might be a plausible explanation, but the fact that you did not even consider the possibility. When the possibility was put to you you quite arrogantly insisted that there are no geese in southern Australia, so not even an option.
Of course you simply misrepresent what I stated – and of course you must do that in order to maintain you faith-based belief system. Let me restate for the record:

There are no geese in the area, nor have any ever been seen flying overhead. It just does not happen. Geese are simply not a plausible explanation.

The question is not whether geese are a viable explanation, but what OTHER viable explanations you have not even considered.
Now please explain how, at midnight, anything flying over the area could have been illuminated?

You continue to declare that there are no plausible, mundane explanation for your sighting, when it has been clearly demonstrated that you have barely considered all possibilities.
What possibilities? So far all that I have seen proposed is the “geese hypothesis” and I have explained many times and in detail why that hypothesis is not plausible. You may continue to ignore my statements in that regard, but your ignorance will not make them disappear.

The reason this thread is so long is a direct result of that attitude to the research side of the thread title.
The reason this thread is so long is that the UFO debunkers simply ignore the evidence when presented with it. They propose an implausible mundane explanation, I present the evidence or logical argument to show why that explanation is implausible, the debunkers merely ignore that to launch a campaign of ridicule, denial and obfuscation - and then when the dust settles, they merely return to proposing the original implausible explanation – as if no evidence or logical argument had been presented against it in the first place. And so around and around it goes.

Satellites can and do travel in south to north directions.
Indeed they can. Perhaps then, since you are the resident expert in such matters, you can inform us as to what satellites were in a south to north orbit in December 2008?

Satellites can travel in groups of two to three (see NOSS).
Apart from the fact that there were four objects in my sighting, was the NOSS travelling south to north in horizontal alignment in December 2008?

Satellites can APPEAR to oscillate between each other depending on the conditions (two or more satellites moving in the same general direction at different altitudes) and the observer (the same way people can think a star appears to jump around).
There were four objects in formation on precisely the same trajectory. The first two were oscillating about a central point between them while the second two trailed them, following the trajectory of that central point. None of them were “jumping around”.

Satellites can have short transit times based on their altitude but we already know that estimates of time can be almost meaningless and in error.
The azimuth was due west when first sighted at about 70 degrees above the horizon. They disappeared over the hills some 20 seconds later. This meant that they covered about 35 degrees of arc in that 20 seconds. This would mean a total transit time (horizon to horizon) of about a minute. Can you show me any group of satellites in a south/north orbit in December 2008 with such a transit time?

As I stated previously, this is Rramjet's personal UFO sighting, which means asking him to be objective about it is a non-starter in the first place.
This is mere obfuscation in the form of an unfounded assertion.

He will refuse to accept explanations, come up with new details, change details to suit his needs and ensure a viable explanation can not be formulated. This is nothing new with people who report UFOs.
Will I indeed? Here is the original sighting as related:

Mr X, Mr Y and myself were sitting outside on are warm, clear night, enjoying a quiet conversation, when my Mr Y said …“Those stars are moving”. And he pointed up into the western night sky (it was about 11:45 in the evening). I looked up but could see nothing except a huge number of stars (it was a very clear night and we were well away from city lights). “Where?” I asked. “There”, he said pointing. I stood up and so did he. I followed his pointed finger and there they were: Four tiny star-like points of light in a row, about 70 degrees up from the horizon, moving south to north. Very high up. Satellite height. They had a similar brightness to stars – but they were not twinkling. The strange thing was that the first two lights were close together (a finger nail width between them at arms length) and they were “oscillating” about a midpoint between them. Not much - perhaps 20-30 degrees - but certainly noticeable. First the front one was above (to the side of?) the line of motion and the back one below it, then the oscillation would reverse this configuration. Back and forth they moved with a period of about 5 seconds. Then there was a third object trailing them on the same track, perhaps two finger widths back - and a little further back again – maybe three finger widths from the second object, a fourth one. All following precisely the same track. They just continued on their heading to disappear in the slight misty haziness over the hills to the north. From the time of sighting (almost due west) to when they disappeared in the northwest was about 20 seconds.

Those are the details. That is the case. If you want to question me about it, then I will be happy to supply more details as per those requests - and I will do my best to provide those details as accurately and objectively as possible. If however you propose to denigrate my character before you have even got started on those questions then I would suggest that says more about you than it does me.

Since Rramjet apparently refuses to provide real details of his observation (location, date, time, azimuth, elevations)
I have not been asked for some of those details and others I have supplied.

has had problems telling north from west,
LOL. Yes, I typed in north by mistake when I should have typed in west. I have corrected that error. The error was however not pertinent to the case.

and seems to have difficulty with magnitude estimates (I too find it hard to believe he had difficulty locating a third magnitude satellite indicating it was probably +4 or fainter)
When Mr Y stated “Those stars are moving” and I looked up, I did not immediately see what he was talking about. However, when we both stood up and I followed his pointed finger, they were immediately obvious. The magnitude was an estimate. All I really know is that they were practically indistinguishable in magnitude from the myriad other stars that were in that region of the sky (thus, since I was asked the question, I chose a magnitude that I thought reflected an average magnitude of those stars from here http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/science/star-magnitude.htm).

one can only consider this an unreliable observation that contains insufficient information.
So, three witnesses observe four objects, of star bright in magnitude, seemingly not twinkling, travelling in relatively close and precise formation, with the first two oscillating around a central point between them and that is an unreliable observation?

If you want more information, all you have to do is ask and I will be happy to provide it. However, if you do not ask, and given I am not a mind reader, how am I to know what extra information you might want?

Just to add to the above commentary as I reviewed Hendry's UFO handbook a little while ago. He states the following about satellites:

The only real deviation reported by the witnesses is a well-known illusion based on the same autokinetic effects that "move" stars. Involuntary jerky motions of the eye can make a satellite appear to "jog off course and back again in five seconds" (case 190), "zigzag" (cases 719 and 804), and "wobble" (case 1080). An absence of a frame of reference, especially overhead, can make judging a satellite's motion difficult. The witness in case 827 thought that the satellite "stopped once" for a matter of seconds in a five-minute transit of the sky. Even the noted science author Arthur C. Clarke has recounted how and film director Stanley Kubrick thought an Echo satellite passing over Manhattan came to rest when it was directly overhead! (pages 44-45)

Richard Feynman once said, The first principle is that you must not fool yourself and you are the easiest person to fool.

Can that apply in this UFO report?
They did not “jog off course”, “wobble”, “zig zag”, “stop” or even “come to rest”. They were all four moving in an unwavering trajectory, with the first two objects oscillating about a central point between them (with an entirely predictable period that was noted by all three witnesses).
 
Last edited:
(Shrugs) Believe whatever you like, I just told the story as it was. At first I did not see the lights when Mr Y mentioned them, but when they were pointed out, they were unmistakable.


They did not seem to be twinkling, if that is what you mean.


Yes there is. Their height for a start. And the fact that they were starbright pinpricks of light - when no light source was available. They also did not move as birds might. Their track did not waver, the distance between them did not vary and the first two of the four were oscillating about a central point between them. Birds it was not.

Because of the claimant's proven dishonesty, this sighting will have to be considered to be unreliable and of no value whatsoever, with the most likely explanation being a HOAX made up out of whole cloth.

Falsifiable null hypothesis "All UFO sightings are of mundane origin" still not falsified since HOAX is of mundane origin.
 
If I'm incorrect about your lying, you should easily be able to refute it. Otherwise, the evidence is right there in your own posts that you are a liar.
Sure, here you go.
So the null hypothesis in your supposed version is actually "All UFO sightings are the result of mundane explanations." Expecting to see no difference in distribution of characteristics between identified and unidentified cases is a test of that null hypothesis.
Perhaps a note of clarification is in order then:

We give special consideration to the null hypothesis. This is due to the fact that the null hypothesis relates to the statement being tested, whereas the alternative hypothesis relates to the statement to be accepted if / when the null is rejected.” (http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/hypothesis_testing.html#h0)​


So if the statement being tested is (correcting for the fact that “explanations” cannot cause anything):

H0: "All UFO sightings are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects "​

Then the alternative hypothesis (to be accepted if the null is rejected) would be:

Ha: "Not all UFO sightings are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects "​

However, we must come up with an experimental paradigm that allows us to test the null hypothesis. Simply saying produce an ET, even though that would falsify the null hypothesis, since ostensibly no-one has been able to capture an ET and to present it, is not going to give us a workable test that we can conduct here and now (although if you happen to know of someone who can produce an ET…LOL).

So, we need an alternative test of the null hypothesis and in that respect I have proposed:

If the H0 is true, then we would expect no difference on defined characteristics between known category reports and unknown category reports.

This is because if all reports arise from mundane objects, then we would expect the distribution of the characteristics of those objects to be evenly distributed throughout all reports.

Now of course there may be factors that in turn may falsify that assumption – but if there are, we must then control for those factors. I can think of one factor - that of “reliability” of reports.

It may be that the less reliable a report, the more likely it will be to result in an unknown categorisation (thus skewing the distribution).

Of course we must then test the reports for reliability and factor that into our calculations. That is, before testing our null hypothesis, we must test another hypothesis – that is: Does reliability affect report categorisation in such a way that the less reliable the report, the more likely an unknown categorisation will result. Once we have the answer to that question, then we can account for it in the test of our original H0.

Sound reasonable?

(That’s one of wollery’s posts attended to… :))

ETA: You may substitute "are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects" with "are of mundane origin" if you wish. It changes nothing about the points I made.

ETA: Oh, and remember this?
(...)
The null hypothesis is that all UFO sightings are the result of mundane explanations.
(...)
The null hypothesis is "All UFO sightings are the result of mundane explanations."
(...)
 
Last edited:
To explain a UFO as ET is not warranted. We simply do not have any direct evidence to suggest that UFOs can be so explained.
We have NO evidence of them period.

However, we do have circumstantial evidence (ostensible “nuts and bolts” craft, intelligent control and associated beings) and we know that science predicts that ET should exist.
Nope, we don't have any such things. And you forgot FLIR again. LOL! Only a dishonest pseudoscientist would forget FLIR again!

So either ETs are visiting earth or they are not.
Either Santa Claus does live at the North Pole or he does not.

If they are, it is nevertheless impossible to know the likelihood of a particular UFO being able to be explained by ET.
Nor can we know the likelihood that Santa's reindeer are in fact led by Rudolph.

But equally, we do not know that they are not visiting us.
But we do have really good evidence for Santa Claus. None for ET visiting us.

I therefore never have, nor do I intend to, explain any UFOs as ET.
LOL

It is however possible to work out whether a particular UFO report can be explained by geese.

In the case of my own particular UFO sighting the likelihood is practically zero. I say this for a number of reasons. The great height, the luminosity and the pattern of motion forming the principal of those.
Yours is most likely explained by HOAX due to your dishonesty. It wouldn't be the first time you told falsehoods to support your beliefs.

As a child I would often watch satellites pass overhead and it was apparent that they did not twinkle as stars did. Even the planets do not twinkle as stars do. There is a measurable difference between the pattern of light from satellites and planets and stars. Perhaps you have never looked to the night sky to see for yourself – or perhaps you live in a city where this is impossible?

The objects I observed did not twinkle as stars do, but shone more in the manner of a satellite or planet.


Not at all, there have never been any geese in the area, nor, to my knowledge, have any ever been sighted flying over the area. It is a heavily forested and mountainous area and there are much easier passages inland to the west. Any geese would make for the nearest safe land after an arduous sea journey and there is simply no safe landing for them in the place or the surrounding area, while there is closer landfall to the west for them where they can follow the coast until a safe passage inland to grazing areas is found.
Ah, good. You admit that you are using an argument from ignorance.

The “birds hypothesis” is a complete furphy in any case. How do you explain the brilliant illumination (a starlike “pinprick” of light). How do you explain the unwavering regularity of formation and the oscillation of the first two objects around a central axis? And how do you explain the great height?
Do you see why anecdotes are worthless since they are unfalsifiable? That's something a scientist would know. So you see how you add details as each potential explanation is offered?

Re your “twinkliness”:

So quite obviously you have found this case too much for you and rather than address the substantial issues simply revert to type with denial ridicule, and obfuscation?

Get back to me when you feel you might be able to actually conduct a rational debate.
Get back to me when you don't resort to lying.

Of course you simply misrepresent what I stated – and of course you must do that in order to maintain you faith-based belief system. Let me restate for the record:
Hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha!!!!!!!


Snipped the rest of the goofiness.
 
Sure, here you go.


ETA: You may substitute "are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects" with "are of mundane origin" if you wish. It changes nothing about the points I made.

No you can't substitute it. What type of objects are HOAXes such as yours? Why did you lie and change the wording of the null hypothesis?

"All UFO sightings are mundane in origin."​
 
No you can't substitute it. What type of objects are HOAXes such as yours? Why did you lie and change the wording of the null hypothesis?

"All UFO sightings are mundane in origin."​
Remember this?
(...)
The null hypothesis is that all UFO sightings are the result of mundane explanations.
(...)
The null hypothesis is "All UFO sightings are the result of mundane explanations."
(...)
So...
Get back to me when you don't resort to lying.

Hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahaha!!!!!!!
:rolleyes:
 
Last edited:
Any geese would make for the nearest safe land after an arduous sea journey and there is simply no safe landing for them in the place or the surrounding area, while there is closer landfall to the west for them where they can follow the coast until a safe passage inland to grazing areas is found.

You do know that geese rest and sleep on the water?

The “birds hypothesis” is a complete furphy in any case. How do you explain the brilliant illumination (a starlike “pinprick” of light). How do you explain the unwavering regularity of formation and the oscillation of the first two objects around a central axis? And how do you explain the great height?

Since you refuse to share any details about the location it's kind of hard to judge if birds could be seen or not. The formation is absolutely consistent with several kinds of birds. Godwits and other larger shorebirds comes to mind.

So quite obviously you have found this case too much for you and rather than address the substantial issues simply revert to type with denial ridicule, and obfuscation?

It's an interesting anectode but there is not enough detail for anyone to help you find an explanation. All one can do is suggest explanations.

There are no geese in the area, nor have any ever been seen flying overhead. It just does not happen. Geese are simply not a plausible explanation.

That's a load of bull. You can't possibly know if geese fly over there or not. Besides, I have already suggested several times a couple of other bird families, but you keep ignoring that.

Now please explain how, at midnight, anything flying over the area could have been illuminated?

Since you haven't given any details about the location or date it's impossible to know.

What possibilities? So far all that I have seen proposed is the “geese hypothesis” and I have explained many times and in detail why that hypothesis is not plausible. You may continue to ignore my statements in that regard, but your ignorance will not make them disappear.

And some other bird families, and satellites. Maybe albino bats? They must be far more common than "aliens"

So, three witnesses observe four objects, of star bright in magnitude, seemingly not twinkling, travelling in relatively close and precise formation, with the first two oscillating around a central point between them and that is an unreliable observation?

One person claims that he and 2 others saw this. He refuses to give any details about the location or date. He insists that the objects were in outer space because "he knows what that looks like". Seriously? Take your word for it?

If you want more information, all you have to do is ask and I will be happy to provide it. However, if you do not ask, and given I am not a mind reader, how am I to know what extra information you might want?

You're the UFO researcher. You should know what information YOU need.

They did not “jog off course”, “wobble”, “zig zag”, “stop” or even “come to rest”. They were all four moving in an unwavering trajectory, with the first two objects oscillating about a central point between them (with an entirely predictable period that was noted by all three witnesses).

Wobble, zigzag=oscillating
 
To explain a UFO as ET is not warranted. We simply do not have any direct evidence to suggest that UFOs can be so explained.

However, we do have circumstantial evidence (ostensible “nuts and bolts” craft, intelligent control and associated beings) and we know that science predicts that ET should exist.
Weasel word "ostensible" noted. Liar.
 
...Not at all, there have never been any geese in the area, nor, to my knowledge, have any ever been sighted flying over the area....
The dearth of your ornithological knowledge has already been highlighted in this thread.
It is a heavily forested and mountainous area and there are much easier passages inland to the west. Any geese would make for the nearest safe land after an arduous sea journey and there is simply no safe landing for them in the place or the surrounding area, while there is closer landfall to the west for them where they can follow the coast until a safe passage inland to grazing areas is found.
The above is unsupported assertion, no more, no less.
 
EHocking said:
The point you are missing (avoiding?) is NOT whether geese might be a plausible explanation, but the fact that you did not even consider the possibility. When the possibility was put to you you quite arrogantly insisted that there are no geese in southern Australia, so not even an option.

Of course you simply misrepresent what I stated – and of course you must do that in order to maintain you faith-based belief system. Let me restate for the record:

There are no geese in the area, nor have any ever been seen flying overhead. It just does not happen. Geese are simply not a plausible explanation.
Rramjet, you missed his point AGAIN, right after he explained to you how you missed it.

EHocking said:
The question is not whether geese are a viable explanation, but what OTHER viable explanations you have not even considered.
Now please explain how, at midnight, anything flying over the area could have been illuminated?
Rramjet, you missed his point AGAIN, right after he explained to you how you missed it.

EHocking said:
You continue to declare that there are no plausible, mundane explanation for your sighting, when it has been clearly demonstrated that you have barely considered all possibilities.
What possibilities?
Yes, indeed, what possibilities? You see, Rramjet, you missed his . . . .

Ah, ta heck wid it.
 
Perhaps a note of clarification is in order then:

We give special consideration to the null hypothesis. This is due to the fact that the null hypothesis relates to the statement being tested, whereas the alternative hypothesis relates to the statement to be accepted if / when the null is rejected.” (http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/hypothesis_testing.html#h0)​


So if the statement being tested is (correcting for the fact that “explanations” cannot cause anything):

H0: "All UFO sightings are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects "​

Then the alternative hypothesis (to be accepted if the null is rejected) would be:

Ha: "Not all UFO sightings are the result of a misidentification of mundane objects "​

However, we must come up with an experimental paradigm that allows us to test the null hypothesis. Simply saying produce an ET, even though that would falsify the null hypothesis, since ostensibly no-one has been able to capture an ET and to present it, is not going to give us a workable test that we can conduct here and now (although if you happen to know of someone who can produce an ET…LOL).

So, we need an alternative test of the null hypothesis and in that respect I have proposed:

If the H0 is true, then we would expect no difference on defined characteristics between known category reports and unknown category reports.

This is because if all reports arise from mundane objects, then we would expect the distribution of the characteristics of those objects to be evenly distributed throughout all reports.

Now of course there may be factors that in turn may falsify that assumption – but if there are, we must then control for those factors. I can think of one factor - that of “reliability” of reports.

It may be that the less reliable a report, the more likely it will be to result in an unknown categorisation (thus skewing the distribution).

Of course we must then test the reports for reliability and factor that into our calculations. That is, before testing our null hypothesis, we must test another hypothesis – that is: Does reliability affect report categorisation in such a way that the less reliable the report, the more likely an unknown categorisation will result. Once we have the answer to that question, then we can account for it in the test of our original H0.

Sound reasonable?

(That’s one of wollery’s posts attended to… :))
Well, that's certainly a much more scientific approach than your previous attempts, but it's still not quite there.

Let's start with your reversal of the order in which the hypothesis and the null hypothesis are posited, because that's very important. The null hypothesis should never be posited first, because the null hypothesis is created in order to be disproved in support of the hypothesis.

In this case the hypothesis (your hypothesis, which you have continually offered in one form or another) can be stated as, "Some UFO cases are not mundane in origin" or if you prefer, "Not all UFO cases are mundane in origin". The wording is important because it covers all mundane possibilities, not just error in identifying extant objects, and this is important because some UFOs are known to be the result of hoaxes, delusions, lucid dreams, hallucinations and optical illusions where no physical object ever existed to be misperceived. The hypothesis should never include any unwarranted assumptions, and your formulation does, i.e. it assumes that there is a physical object (or objects) at the heart of every UFO report. My formulation of the hypothesis includes such reports, and is thus the simplest and therefore easiest to test.

So, having formulated the simplest hypothesis with no assumption we now take the inverse as the null hypothesis. This then is "NOT {not all UFO cases are mundane in origin}", and removing the double negative gives us, "All UFO cases are mundane in origin. This then is a testable null hypothesis, since all we need to do is show one case that's not mundane in origin, or show statistically that identified and unidentified UFOs are not drawn from a single population, but are instead drawn from two, i.e. mundane and non-mundane origins.

This leads us to the next problem, which is how to test the null hypothesis. The first way to test it, as noted above is to show one UFO report which is definitively non-mundane in origin. This is of course problematic, because UFOs are by their nature transient events, so such proof would be almost impossible to come by.

The second method is to demonstrate statistically that identified and unidentified UFOs are not drawn from a single population (i.e. mundane origins). However, this is also problematic, because identified UFOs are drawn from a huge range of populations, some with common properties, some without common properties, which may be more or less identifiable than others, and some of which (hoax, delusion, lucid dream and hallucination) have the potential to be totally dissimilar from any identified UFO, which will skew any attempt at statistical analysis.

You have correctly pointed out (or rather, picked up repeated my point from a few pages back) that the quality of the reports may affect whether or not they can be identified, and that this may skew the statistics. This leads to the question, how can we account for the reliability of the report? The problem here is that we are now into a fairly subjective area. As has been shown in this thread over and over, the reliability of witnesses and data are often not clear. If you have any idea how this subjectiveness can be overcome then I'm sure we'd all be happy to hear it.

But there is still one confounding factor that you haven't mentioned, which is that there may be UFOs which have mundane origins that are more likely to result in a report remaining unexplained, even if the report is of high quality, and there may be mundane origin UFOs which are often attributed to the wrong mundane cause. These would both skew the statistics and could lead to a false conclusion.

Any statistical study must attempt to take all confounding factors into account, and correct for them simultaneously. It would be a very brave man indeed who took that analysis on.

There is of course no “definitive conclusion” and I have never claimed there to be one. I have merely contended that the Navy, the Air Force and Baker’s own analyses have all suggested that the “birds hypothesis” cannot be supported.

In an infinite universe anything is, of course, possible – but merely being possible does not equate to probable, likely or even plausible.

(There, that's both of wollery's posts now attended to...:))
Really? You've never asserted any degree of certainty? Are you sure?

So even the independent person (Baker) who Hartmann relies upon for his film analysis - rules against birds! (and of course this is the THIRD independent film analysis to do so).
You claim that Baker "rules against birds", and that the other two reports do likewise.

"Rules against birds!" certainly sounds like pretty definitive language to me.

Going from, "rules against" to, "suggested that .... can't be supported" seems like a pretty big piece of backpedalling.
 
To explain a UFO as ET is not warranted. We simply do not have any direct evidence to suggest that UFOs can be so explained.
Then gooses is more probable isn't it?
Afterall, we do have direct evidence of geese and they have in the past been misidentified as flying saucers.

However, we do have circumstantial evidence (ostensible “nuts and bolts” craft, intelligent control and associated beings) and we know that science predicts that ET should exist.
Apart from that the evidence you speak of is either apparent, seeming or pretend. Which is kind of like saying it's not evidence but this word 'ostensible' makes it sound like there is.

So either ETs are visiting earth or they are not.
Yup, sounds reasonable that one of these options is correct.

If they are, it is nevertheless impossible to know the likelihood of a particular UFO being able to be explained by ET.
Circular reasoning and not applying Occams razor here with a dash of argument from ignorance... you do manage to pack a lot of 'em in to a small space sometimes.

But equally, we do not know that they are not visiting us.
Pure argument from ignorance

I therefore never have, nor do I intend to, explain any UFOs as ET.
Bearing in mind the title of this mammoth thread, it is dishonest of you to suggest this.

It is however possible to work out whether a particular UFO report can be explained by geese.
Not always. But this is again getting towards shifting the burden of proof.
It's not about explaining by geese, it's about not having enough reliable information in order to rule geese (and many thousands of other possibilities) out.

In the case of my own particular UFO sighting the likelihood is practically zero. I say this for a number of reasons. The great height, the luminosity and the pattern of motion forming the principal of those.
But you don't know what height they were at, you have guessed their luminosity and the pattern of motion is not really inconsistent with gooses or certain other birds.


As a child I would often watch satellites pass overhead and it was apparent that they did not twinkle as stars did. Even the planets do not twinkle as stars do.
Utter tosh!
Can anyone else confirm Rramjet's assertion that planets don't twinkle?

There is a measurable difference between the pattern of light from satellites and planets and stars.
No there isn't, that's why astronomers measure all points of visible spectrum light in the night sky using the exact same scale.

Perhaps you have never looked to the night sky to see for yourself – or perhaps you live in a city where this is impossible?
And perhaps you are not reading my posts?
I already said I live in the countryside and spend a lot of time observing the night sky with little to no light pollution.

The objects I observed did not twinkle as stars do, but shone more in the manner of a satellite or planet.
Which twinkle just as stars do... so what you were looking at most likely wasn't being affected by the atmosphere in the same way points of visible light get effected... So much lower in altitude than you suggest then.

Not at all, there have never been any geese in the area, nor, to my knowledge, have any ever been sighted flying over the area.
Tosh! to your knowledge... :rolleyes:
It is a heavily forested and mountainous area and there are much easier passages inland to the west.
Is this the same West where there wasn't any land for thousands of kilometers because you were essentially on the Southern tip of a cape?

Any geese would make for the nearest safe land after an arduous sea journey
But there was rolling land of about 1 kilometer to your South... sound perfect for gooses to rest up (unless they just land on the water as they are quite able to do).
and there is simply no safe landing for them in the place or the surrounding area,
All them goose hunters hidden in the bushes waiting for the first goose ever to land there?
while there is closer landfall to the west for them where they can follow the coast until a safe passage inland to grazing areas is found.
Closer than thousands of kilometers then?
It's odd that you know so much about geese in an area apparently devoid of them.

The “birds hypothesis” is a complete furphy in any case. How do you explain the brilliant illumination (a starlike “pinprick” of light). How do you explain the unwavering regularity of formation and the oscillation of the first two objects around a central axis? And how do you explain the great height?
I can explain all of those things with "fallible perception" unless you can conclusively prove you are the only person ever to be 100% immune from it.

Re your “twinkliness”:

So quite obviously you have found this case too much for you and rather than address the substantial issues simply revert to type with denial ridicule, and obfuscation?
Sorry Rramjet, the ridicule is in direct response to your ridiculous assertion that some points of light don't twinkle. I pointed out that even middle to far distance city lights twinkle, it is an unalterable fact of how visible light passes through the atmosphere. The only reason a light doesn't twinkle is because it has not passed through enough atmosphere to make it twinkle ie: it is closer than you think it is.

Get back to me when you feel you might be able to actually conduct a rational debate.
I'm really trying to conduct a rational debate.
But when faced with irrational claims of lack of twinkliness, I can't help but resort to ridicule after trying a more rational approach first... one which was ignored.

As was my request for:
1). The location
2). The date (day, month, year). We now know it was December 2008, could still do with the day though.
 
Last edited:
Utter tosh!
Can anyone else confirm Rramjet's assertion that planets don't twinkle?
Can't say I can. It's a pretty common misconception. When I first became interested in amateur astronomy around age 9 or 10, we were told on astronomy camp that we can distinguish planets from stars because they don't twinkle, So I did hold this view for a pretty long time.

Planets direct overhead hardly twinkle at all, because they have much less atmosphere to pass through than planets near the horizon. They twinkle much less than stars because they're much closer so the light can fall in our eyes from several angles. The chance that on many of the paths from a planet to your pupil the light gets refracted in the atmosphere at the same time is much smaller than that light gets refracted on the (as good as)single path starlight has to take.

But as you observe planets getting nearer to the horizon you see more and more twinkling.

As was my request for:
1). The location
2). The date (day, month, year). We now know it was December 2008, could still do with the day though.

I'd like to see an answer to that request too.
 
Indeed they can. Perhaps then, since you are the resident expert in such matters, you can inform us as to

what satellites were in a south to north orbit in December 2008?

Gee, do you want me to recite a book of satellites for you? You do realize that every satellite from one location that goes south to north is going to go north to south on the opposite side of the earth. So, I can just select all the satellites with north-south and south-north trajectories from 2130 to 2330 at my dark sky site to get a representative sample. I only took those that began/ended in the S, SSW, SSE and ended/began in the N, NNW, NNE from Heaven's above with the limit set at magnitude 4.5. The results I obtained were:

Cosmos 2242
Cosmos 1939
Cosmos 1484 rocket
Sich 1
Moz.5/SAFIR/RUBIN5/SL-8
Cosmos 1634 rocket
DMSP B5D2-2
ARGOS
CZ-2C Rocket body
Meteor 1-5 rocket
Cosmos 2279 rocket
Cosmos 1777 rocket
Meteor 2-10 rocket
Cosmos 2228 rocket
CS-4B Rocket Body
Cosmos 1666 rocket
Envisat
Cosmos 1933 rocket
Meteor 1-15 rocket
Cosmos 2221
Cosmos 2266 rocket
Meteor 2-21 rocket

This did not include satellites in a trajectory that was SW to NE or NW to SE. It also did not include satellites that were in N-S or S-N trajectories that disappeared in shadow halfway through their pass. However, it is a representative sample of what one might expect for a two hour period. There are A LOT OF SATELLITES that move in these kinds of orbits.

Considering the fact that you have an observation that was NOT directly overhead (you stated the elevation angle was 70 degrees in the western sky (is that WSW, W, WNW?) going to the north which is not a true south to north trajectory), the objects were probably in a SW to NE trajectory and not in a true polar orbit.


Apart from the fact that there were four objects in my sighting, was the NOSS travelling south to north in December 2008?

How can you be certain that all these were flying in formation? For instance, I obtained the following satellite passes for tonight at my dark sky observing site from Heaven's above:

Satellite MAG START MAX ALT END
SPOT 5 3.1 22:27:21 45° SE 22:28:58 71° ENE 22:34:22 10° N
ALOS 2.3 22:28:06 53° SE 22:29:07 72° ENE 22:33:49 10° N

Note that that at the point of maximum altitude, they are almost in the same location at the same time and moving in the same direction. An observer watching them might think they were in formation but they aren't. I got this event from the first night I checked!

BTW, the NOSS systems were traveling in orbits in 2008 that would give a southwest to northeast trajectory as you describe.

However, checking on some other possibilites, the chinese launched a pair of satellites (2008-053A and 2008-053B) on October 25, 2008. In addition to the satellites, there was a rocket body (2008-053c) and some "debris" (2008-053D). These all could have been close together in December 2008.

There were four objects in formation on precisely the same trajectory. The first two were oscillating about a central point between them while the second two trailed them, following the trajectory of that central point. None of them were “jumping around”.

How did you determine "precisely" from an observation that, by your account, lasted only 20 seconds? Is it possible they were on similar trajectories and that one or more the objects just happened to be close to the others (see above)? You are making assumptions and not observations. You are not being objective.

The azimuth was due west when first sighted at about 70 degrees above the horizon. They disappeared over the hills some 20 seconds later. This meant that they covered about 35 degrees of arc in that 20 seconds. This would mean a total transit time (horizon to horizon) of about a minute. Can you show me any group of satellites in a south/north orbit in December 2008 with such a transit time?

I assume by this comment that the hills have an elevation angle of about 35-45 degrees (pretty big hills if you ask me). 35 degrees in 20 seconds is roughly 1.75 degrees/sec. The angular speeds vary because of the changing distance to the satellite. When overhead it appears very fast but as they go further away from the observer, they appear to slow down. Based on my calculations most satellites move about 4.5-5 miles/sec. Viewed at 400 miles away, that computes to roughly 0.7 degrees per second. That is really not that far off if you consider your estimates were basically ballpark figures and satellites can be closer than 400 miles.

Additionally, Memories from almost three years ago are going to be confusing. What is 20 seconds now could have been actually 40-80 seconds in 2008. Your description of the observation seems to indicate a significant period of time and a lot more than 20 seconds. Since you didn't have a stopwatch with you and you did not record your observations, we have to assume there is going to be a margin of error in your estimates.


I have not been asked for some of those details and others I have

supplied.

I asked over a day ago. Others asked but you did not provide the information after giving a wall of posts where you started with the excuses. You have still yet to provide all the pertinent information. LOCATION (a city would do) and DATE (Precise date) continue to be missing from your observation. At least we know that it is in December 2008.


So, three witnesses observe four objects, of star bright in magnitude, seemingly not twinkling, travelling in relatively close and precise formation, with the first two oscillating around a central point between them and that is an unreliable observation?

We only have your personal recollections of an event that apparently occurred almost three years ago. How accurate are they? Where are the events documented at the time? Where are the observations made by the other witnesses documented? Do they agree? We will never know if time played a factor in this and the observations were not recorded then. What you have are a bunch of memories and claims that really can not be confirmed. We do not know the margin for error and we do not know how reliable your abilities to recall/record these observations are.

They did not “jog off course”, “wobble”, “zig zag”, “stop” or even “come to rest”.

They were all four moving in an unwavering trajectory, with the first two objects oscillating about a

central point between them (with an entirely predictable period that was noted by all three

witnesses).

However, the "oscillating around a central point" is the kind of observation that matches what Hendry mentioned. Isn't "wobbling" the same thing as "oscillating"? Your observation could have been an illusion. I would think somebody who so versed on the principles of perception would understand these concepts.
 
Last edited:
Planets can twinkle low to the horizon. Mercury is quite common and Mars can sometimes do it. I have seen Venus low to the horizon do all sorts of interesting things including twinkle. I think it may have to do with the phase of Venus and/or magnitudes. I can't ever recall seeing Jupiter or Saturn or Mars at opposition twinkle. I suspect a really turbulent atmosphere can make just about anything twinkle though.

This may help:

http://astroprofspage.com/archives/1168
 
Last edited:
Rramjet, you missed his point AGAIN, right after he explained to you how you missed it.

Rramjet, you missed his point AGAIN, right after he explained to you how you missed it.

Yes, indeed, what possibilities? You see, Rramjet, you missed his . . . .

Ah, ta heck wid it.
Stunning.

The Reader's Digest version of the thread.
:clap:
 
Status
Not open for further replies.

Back
Top Bottom