Expected: 0.25 (25% error rate – 75% accuracy)
Observed: 8
Sample Size: 10
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If .25 is a significance:
Binomial mean= 0.75259
as a fraction of n: = 7.53
(15 iterations)
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Expected: 2.5 (=0.25*10)
BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES
single; cumulative
p(=4): 0.145998; p(>4): 0.078127 86% Certainty
p(=5): 0.058399; p(>5): 0.019728 94% Certainty
p(=6): 0.016222; p(>6): 0.003506 98.4% Certainty
p(=7): 0.00309; p(>7): 0.000416 99.7% Certainty
p(=8): 0.000386; p(>8): 3.0E-5 99.96% Certainty
Above numbers represent the required number of correct guesses out of ten using a cat ship test and a polygraph which is conservatively estimated at 75% accurate. i.e. the polygraph produces an incorrect answer one in four attempts on average in normal use. Polygraph operators quote much higher reliability that this, around 1 in 20 to 1 in 50 errors. This is dependent on the polygraph operators expertise more than the unreliability of the polygraph itself.
Landsburg has put the likelihood that a defendant committed a crime sufficient to overcome reasonable doubt at 98%.
This means that the test has reached 98% certainty, beyond reasonable doubt, that the RX can hear my thoughts telepathically if the polygraph predicts the correct answer 6 out of ten times in a cat ship test. A 75% accurate polygraph will get the correct answer 7 or 8 times in 10 questions on average. Explanation - Out of 10 test sets (100 questions) 5 tests would be 7 out of ten – total 35 and 5 tests would be 8 out of ten – total 40. 35 + 40 is 75 times out of 100 correct – 75% accurate.
As a polygraph is conservatively estimated as 75% accurate, the actual number of correct predictions would be 7 or 8 out of 10 correctly predicted answers in a cat ship test. This would then produce a 99.96% certainty at 7 correct predictions and a 99.997% certainty at 8 out of ten correct predictions that the RX can hear the TX telepathically in a cat ship test.
The American Polygraph Association has a compendium of research studies available on the validity and reliability of polygraph testing. The 80 research projects listed, published since 1980, involved 6,380 polygraph examinations or sets of charts from examinations. Researchers conducted 12 studies of the validity of field examinations, following 2, 174 field examinations, providing an average accuracy of 98%. Researchers conducted 11 studies involving the reliability of independent analyses of 1,609 sets of charts from field examinations confirmed by independent evidence, providing an average accuracy of 92%. Researchers conducted 41 studies involving the accuracy of 1,787 laboratory simulations of polygraph examinations, producing an average accuracy of 80%. Researchers conducted 16 studies involving the reliability of independent analyses of 810 sets of charts from laboratory simulations producing an average accuracy of 81%. Tables list the authors and years of the research projects, which are identified fully in the References Cited. Surveys and novel methods of testing are also mentioned.
I have used a worst case accuracy level of 75% - below anything research has shown - to make it easier for the defendant to beat the test. Above info shows the likelihood of me proving a person can hear me telepathically is very high if they can actually hear me if I use a polygraph of only 75% accuracy (makes an error 1 time in 4).
golfy