I think the comparison that is often made regarding the Fed's control of the money supply is to Germany in the early Weimar period, but people making that comparison fail to appreciate just how slowly the process unfolds here and now as opposed to there and then. As you point out, there is more money in supply now than a generation ago, but it isn't as if that money was (1) poured into the economy all at once, to (2) to pay off a gigantic debt that was incurred pretty much over night (i.e., the signing of the Versailles treaty).
Well conspiracy theorist whack jobs are idiots that don't know what they are talking about. For instance, they often claim that the Fed buys Treasury Securities to bail the government out of debt in a roundabout way of printing money. This raises a fairly obvious question, if that is the goal, why aren't they doing it? They only hold about 8.2% of US debt now and that is after a buying spree. And for that matter, they don't print money.
The Fed's balance sheet can be found here. You may notice that they don't list a large money reserve as an asset. There is no reason to because they can create money. When they purchase Treasury Securities, they become an asset, and the money created becomes the countering liability in the account of whoever sold them the Treasury Securities.