“The invention consists in, mainly, maintaining a potential difference necessary to the production of a current, in a aB element comprising two electrodes and that using one or several agents likely ““to circulate respectively in or through the aforementioned element and through one or several other elements, in one whose 3 O takes place an addition of energy to one or other of the aforesaid agents; the invention consisting, moreover, in a provision suitable to produce these circulations.
The invention will be more explicitly die 3 5 crite hereafter using the modes of realization given as example and shown respectively in the form of diagrams on the fig. 2 with i5 of the Ci-annexed drawings, the description of the aforesaid modes of realization emphasizing 4o other characteristics characteristic of the invention.
Gn will describe initially, while referring to the diagram of %. 2, a process which can be indicated, as being a borderline case between 45 the element with fuel describes above and the object of this invention, this process which can, nevertheless, being considered as forming part of the aforesaid the invention, because of its fitting.
•5o On the fig. 2, With indicates a terracotta plate established in a container B, the aforementioned plate being impregnated of an adapted electrolyte, such that the oxygen and of a base, P^ and Pkj indicate thin sheets out of turntable established respectively on the two 55 faces of the aforesaid the plate. G2 indicates a space filled with gas, envisaged on the right sheet of Pf2 platinum the driver L connecting P^ and Vt2entre they. Sheet P^ the platinum is supposed to be freely in contact with 60 the air, so that oxygen a constant pressure of approximately 0,2 atm. acts on the aforementioned sheet. In order to obtain a potential difference between sheets PF, and ¥t2, the pressure of oxygen on the Pfc sheet, i.e. 65 in G2 space, must be reduced; for this purpose, a reducing substance such as the carbon monoxide is introduced into the aforementioned space speaks leads R^. In G2 space, oxygen burns by catalysis and of carbon dioxide E 70 cap by the R2 conduit. The pressure of oxygen in G2 space is donctrès weak and a potential difference is obtained between the platinum sheets P “I and Pf2. In this case, it is obvious that the P^ sheet becomes posi- 75 tive in so far as ions négatife of oxygen leave this one, whereas Télectrode Pf2 becomes negative because: âe the precipitation of negative ions on this one. The process is a combined process if the 80 gaseous fuel must initially be produced from a solid fuel or liquid by a special process and it serasimple if L lon has a gaseous fuel, which sometimes can be presented, for 85-example at the places where one finds - firedamp, natural gas, or analogues.
On the fig. 3, one showed a realization of the invention relative to a combined process. Ej indicates an electrode appropriate to oxy- (ju gene contained in a container B. - the aforementioned electrode, for example, being consisted magnetite which is constantly in contact with oxygen d.e the air; E2 is another electrode which, for example, can be 96 made up by molten lead and - With an electrolyte made up indicates, for example, by lead oxide dissolved if need be, in a mixture of a halogen and a borate. If the electrodes Elet E2 are connected between wo they by a driver of electricity L, a current is produced in this last. Negative oxygen ions enter in solution of F E1- electrodes which, consequently, becomes - 3
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to be established in manner that a heat transfer is produced between the substances which pass to through of the aforesaid conduits, 55 what can be obtained, for example, by laying out these conduits one in another. in a known way in itself, so that the aforementioned conduits constitute a kind of exchanger of temperature. Preferably, 6o the Rj conduits and R2 are also established in order to constitute between them an exchanger of temperature.
The addition of the thermal process gives place to this result that the aforementioned process, together 61/with the chemical process, forms a combination between the process of combustion and the producing process of electricity. To elucidate this condition, it is to be noticed that the temperature in the container F assembles 70 until the moment when a pressure of measurable disso*-dation for oxygen is obtained above lead oxide. The container B can then be closed, as shown on the fig. with, and it can be connected to the container F by 76 another conduit, which returns possible K combustion of the carbon monoxide outside this last container.
In the aforementioned fig. 4, R 5 indicates the eondtnt auxiliary reliapt the upper part of the 80 container B to that of the container F, the oxygen, separated from the carbon monoxide, contained in the container F by the heating of this last, passing by the aforementioned conduit in the container B in which it is, again, combined with 85 lead via the electrochemical process. Lead runs out, in the way described about the fig. 3, by the R4 conduit out of the container F in the container B. If the combustion of oxide 00 of carbon and the reduction of lead oxide in the container F take place in a reversible way, the process does not involve, theoretically, no loss. One must however expect to encounter q5 difficulties in the realization of these processes in an absolutely reversible way and, for this reason, the losses which occur for this embodiment are generally phis high that those which result from the réali- 100 sation shown on the fig. 3. In spite of that, 1 application of the method in question can have a great practical value, for example if the half fuel one positive since positive lead ions enter in solution starting from the lead which is made negative. These two ions are combined in the electrolyte in the form of oxide 5 of lead. The container B is connected by two conduits Rg and Rj to another Fj container into which is introduced a gaseous fuel, such as carbon monoxide CO, by plunging a Rj conduit in lead oxide I O molten provided out of the container B by the R3 conduit. The lead oxide is then reduced and molten lead is collected at the bottom of the container F from where it turns over by the R4 conduit to the container B, in which it is again i5 oxidized. The carbon dioxide G02 formed in the container F by the reduction of lead oxide is evacuated by the R2 conduit. It is visible, by what precedes, that lead carries out in this realization a process with closed cycle, by the intermediary of which the process of combustion or oxidation, which takes place in the container F, was combined with the producing process of electricity which takes place in the container B, and, for this has 5 reason, one can consider, in this case, lead as being an auxiliary agent. This method gives place to losses, if the process which is carried out in the container F is not reversible. The value 3o of these losses differs according to nature from fuel and of the auxiliary agent to which one has recourse and it can be maintained ata very low rate by the choice of suitable agents who, in this case, are made up, preferably, by carbon monoxide and lead. For this purpose, one can point out that a given temperature is most of the time to adopt, in particular that for the Ho a which process, nonréservible under the ordinary conditions, becomes reversible, and it becomes, consequently, possible to maintain the losses ata very low rate by controlling the temperatures reigning in 45 the containers B and F, however, one must hold account, in this case, of another process which arises then in the system and which will be indicated hereafter by thermal process. If the provision is arranged of 5o this manner, i.e. so that different temperatures reign in the containers B and F, the Rg conduits and R^ must [646.856] - 4 lays out is not pure or of lower quality; this process will thus be described in a more explicit way in the examples below. On this subject, it is necessary to notice that of the 5 combinations of substances other than those indicated above (Pb-03) will be specified, in particular if the temperatures of dissociation to be used for lead oxide are too high to allow a to implemented practical of the method with the aforesaid combination Pb-02.
