I thought we were talking about a child's ability to make associations with actions and consequences at young ages. This has nothing to do with that.
-edit-
Sorry, this might have sounded rude. I just don't want to debate the semantics of punishment, redirection, corrective behavior, etc. I just want to stay on track with what I brought up.
I thought I was clear but I'll repeat myself.
Child too young to have a conversation with parent about risk does something potentially dangerous.
Parent spanks child.
Child learns if I do [X] Mom/Dad gets angry, spanks me.
The child is learning being spanked means Mom/Dad is upset with the child's behavior. Why are you upset your child did something potentially dangerous? Was it their fault? The spanking is supposed to teach and the parent isn't really angry with the child according to the spanking advocates in this discussion. And
this child who supposedly isn't capable of sophisticated reasoning is supposed to recognize the spanking is not because the parent was angry with the child, but because the behavior would have resulted in worse pain.
Think about that for a minute. Think about the phrase, "because I said so".
The spanked child may get it that the parent doesn't want said behavior. But there is nothing in that lesson, despite the apparent association of dangerous behavior with spanking pain, that the child can connect to [X] behavior being dangerous.
If you were an alien who didn't understand a particular danger and someone hit you to convey that message, what message would you perceive? You would perceive that whatever you did, someone didn't want you to do. You would not have a clue
why they didn't want you to do it. There is nothing that says the spanking pain is a clue to the danger the pain was intended to prevent.
Even if you don't agree that spanking sends the wrong message, it should still be apparent that spanking does not imply danger. It implies the person in control doesn't like said behavior. Why should getting angry at the child convey the parent cares the child is in danger? All spanking conveys is the parent expects obedience.
Now take that same child doing that same potentially dangerous thing. This time instead of hitting the child, the parent merely removes the potential danger, either by putting the child out of reach of the dangerous behavior or by removing the dangerous thing from the child's reach. The parent also says at the time, said behavior is dangerous so I am preventing said danger from occurring.
What does that child learn? In the short term, the child learns if I do [X] Mom/Dad stops me. That is exactly the same thing the spanked child learns but without the added baggage that Mom/Dad are angry with me. If you are not angry with the child, isn't learning that the behavior is not allowed what your ultimate goal is? Children naturally want to please their parents. Parents who think they need to spank to get a child to obey don't often realize how strong of a desire to please the parents a child has.
Mom/Dad who love said child have always protected said child from danger. Now, when the child is old enough to reason, and a parent says, "I don't want you to do that because it is dangerous", the child knows that is consistent with what has always been the case. Mom/Dad doesn't get mad at me when I do something dangerous, Mom/Dad protects me from said danger.
What does fear add? If you expect the child to not do [X] out of fear, are you going to rely on that in place of supervision of the child? Remember, this is a child that is supposedly too young to reason so at a very young age, the parent needs to be there to protect the child. The chance learned fear is going to protect a child when the parent is accidentally absent is not reliable. So you'd be trading a shaky benefit for a great loss as the following explains.
As the child increases the ability to reason, the child begins to connect dangerous behavior the parent prevents to the parent protecting the child from said behavior, not to the parent geting angry at the child for said behavior. Parents who learned more effective ways of teaching children teach the child, a behavior is dangerous, not a behavior pisses off Mom/Dad. By the time the child really is old enough to reason, the trust gained results in the child believing Mom/Dad don't want this behavior because it is dangerous. The child does not learn, Mom/Dad doesn't want this behavior because Mom/Dad said so.
The other lesson spanking conveys is, said behavior results in Mom/Dad spanking me, when they know about said behavior. So if Mom/Dad don't know about said behavior, what other reason is there for me to not do said behavior? Or, Mom's/Dad's threats of spanking no longer intimidate me. So what other reason do I have for not doing said behavior?