Merged Electric Sun Theory (Split from: CME's, active regions and high energy flares)

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FYI T, I would still like to hear your answer to this specific question:

http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showpost.php?p=6704442&postcount=1152

I think that in the one line definition of discharge by Peratt, one would say it is a discharge.

However, taking also into account the next few sentences, then I do not see MRx as a discharge, because of the "this generally occurs when the electromagnetic stress exceeds some threshold for breakdown" part.

Of course this is all semantics, and thus useless.
 
Of course, what is surprising or illogical from one vantage point may be "reasoning from the obvious" in another.

A: Jupiter interacts electrically with its moons.

B: Jupiter interacts electrically with the Sun, as does the Earth.

C: The planets in the Solar System are charged bodies.

D: The Sun has an electric field.

Suddenly the elephant so long "hidden" in the living room of astrophysics is exposed. Since the Sun gives off proton storms, and the protons in the solar wind are being accelerated away from the Sun, it should have been obvious all along that the Sun is the center of an electric field…

E. Electrical transactions between the Sun, the planets, and the planets' moons are only to be expected in the Electric Universe.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2006/arch06/061123abcd.htm

Oh, dear, another direct quote from thunderdolts.
It starts off with "NASA investigators now recognize that Jupiter's auroras are electrical phenomena." Apparently this is from 2005, and at that time it was already well known what creates aurora (accelerated particles hitting the atmosphere), but I guess thunderdolts did not know that yet.

And yes, there is a tail to the auroral spot, which was well explained by 2005. And then comes the question:

thunderdolts said:
"…Europa is not thought to be volcanic, so what could produce the electrical current that zips along and eventually gives rise to Europa's auroral footprint?" the writers of the report ask.

Which reports is that supposed to be? Definitely not the paper by Grodent, because I know that he knows about Alfvén wings, something that has been know about since the Voyager era!!! (i.e. ~20 years before that GRL paper by Grodent).

So, the interaction of the Jovian magnetosphere with the Galilean moons is, if anything electromagnetic, calling it electric does not make any sense at all. The magnetic field of Jupiter moves faster than the moon and gets draped over the moon. This sets up Alfvén waves, travelling along the magnetic field to Jupiter and back again, and this sets up a current system. Here is a paper that I wrote about this. So actually, the interaction is magnetic and the changes in the magnetic field create electric fields and sets up currents. The magnetic field is the starting point for this phenomenon.

Jupiter interacts with the solar wind of the sun, which again is mainly a magnetic interaction.

Are the planets charged? Yes, probably they have a small charge, but then what? What do they want to do with the charge? Well, I guess that comes from the following misconception:

thunderdolts said:
An electrical interaction between Jupiter and its moons means that the bodies are charged. (As soon as you grant that one body is charged, the other body is also charged in relationship to it).

The fact that currents flow along the Io, or Europa or Ganymede or Callisto flux tube does not mean at all that the moons are charged. This conclusion means that thunderdolts does not understand the way the moons interact with the magnetic field of Jupiter (not surprising). Look in my paper in the references for full explanations of this process by e.g. Neubauer and by Herbert and by Kivelson.

Then we get to that the sun has an electric field. Probably yes, as it has a net charge (see post by Tim Thompson for link to paper by Neslusan), but the electric field is small, as far as I know, no real electric field has been measured.

Ah, proton storms are the indication that the Sun is in the centre of an electric field? Then what is with the electrons that are also accelerated away from the Sun? Of course a so called proton storm is just the same as a solar flare, and yes there is an abundance of protons then passing by the Earth, but also an equal amount of electrons. It is just that in these kind of events the protons have more energy because of the interaction with the CME (shock acceleration).

So, to end, electromagnetic interactions between the solar wind and the planets or between the magnetosphere and moons are only to be expected in mainstream plasmaastrophysics and space physics.

Did I write that? NO! Learn to read! I wrote “So your saying it can't be falsified? That's a worry.”
FYI a “?” at the end of a sentence means it’s a question.
Just use a method for low-pressure gas discharge physics.
I don’t think pointing out your using the wrong model is an excuse.
As I understand it: EU/PC theory has the Sun as a focus or Z pinch of a galactic Birkeland current. It’s also scalable from the lab experiments of plasma Z pinches. So, can’t you do something with that for your total energy budget math?

I have already shown that an electric Sun does not match the observations, there is no large current flow a la Juergens, because we do not observe that kind of magnetic field, no such currents were measured above the poles of the Sun, there is no dynamo that can drive that kind of current that is needed for an electric Sun and last but not least, there exists no electric Sun model that is even remotely quantitative. I am NOT going to do a calculation for the energy budget here, because I already did do that with the stupid Juergens model.

Why don't you do some real work? But then, you can only parrot thunderdolts, and further nothing.

This is no discussion, this is just you copying the whole thunderdolts website here, and if you have finished that, you will probably start copying posts from godlikeproductions.
 
As Dungey has popped up in the discussion here, I would like to present his model regarding magnetospheric convection, also called "the Dungey cycle."

Unfortunately, I seem to have problems uploading the figure to the board. So I will just copy the caption of the figure in Charlie Kellel's book: Convection and Substorms
Paradigms of Magnetospheric Phenomenology
(1995).

Kennel said:
Figure 1.4. The Reconnection Model of the Magnetosphere.
This is Dungey's (1961a) original sketch showing the effects of reconnection on a teardrop magnetosphere. Here we view the magnetic field in the noon-midnight meridian plane from the evening side, with the solar wind flowing towards the earth from the left. The bow shock is not shown and is not necessary to the argument. The magnetic field in the solar wind is due south. Eight field lines, marked 1", 2", . . ., if they connect to the sun, and 1', 2', . . ., if they connect to the earth, have been singled out to illustrate the circulation of the flow at key moments in time.
At time 1, the closed field line 1' is converting towards the subsolar magnetopause, while its eventual partner 1" is flowing with the solar wind to the earth. They meet at the subsolar magnetopause where they reconnect (2" to 2'). The tension in the newly reconnected field lines accelerates the plasma over the polar cap (3'-3", 4'-4", 5'-5"). The solar wind (arrows) continues to drag the flux tubes, extending the geomagnetic field into a long tail on the night side (6'—6"). The stretched field lines, now oppositely directed in the northern and southern tail lobes, reconnect a second time in the tail (7'-7"). The reconnection heats the plasma, creating a hot plasma sheet, and sends flow (arrows) towards the earth (8') and tailward (8") back into the solar wind. In the fullness of time, line 8' will convect to where 1' is and the convection cycle will start again.
J.W. Dungey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 47 (1961).

Ah, I managed to get it in my pictures album

picture.php


As I cut my left index finger preparing dinner yesterday, I will Charlie Kennell talk (i.e. I will copy and paste from his book)

Kennel said:
1.4 Reconnection-Driven Convection

In 1961, Dungey (1961a) set forth his own convection model, in which the dissipative interaction with the solar wind was not due to viscosity, but to resistive reconnection of the interplanetary and geomagnetic fields at the dayside magnetopause. Dungey, stimulated by Giovanelli's (1947) and Hoyle's (1949) observation that solar flares frequently occur near magnetic neutral regions, had earlier proposed an x-type neutral line mechanism for particle acceleration, the development of sheet currents, and energy release in solar flares (Dungey, 1953, 1958). So, once he learned that the solar wind was magnetized, he realized that an x-type neutral point would form on the dayside magnetopause on those occasions when the interplanetary field was southward, the direction opposite to the earth's field at the magnetopause. Reconnection at this neutral point could then set the plasma inside the magnetosphere in motion.

In Dungey's model of convection, solar wind plasma and energy enters the nightside of the magnetosphere flowing antisunward over the geomagnetic poles in what are today called the plasma mantles (Levy et al., 1964). In either the reconnection or the viscous convection model, the convecting plasma should return to the dayside on closed field lines, and there is a basic two-cell pattern of convection in the high-latitude ionosphere. Despite this similarity, the models could be easily distinguished. Dungey's reconnecting magnetosphere had to have a specific structure. Open field lines had to connect the earth's magnetic polar caps directly to the interplanetary magnetic field. There had to be a long, low-density magnetic tail, with a current layer separating its northern and southern lobes. Surrounding the current layer there would be a sheet of heated plasma convecting earthward on closed field lines. There would be a magnetic neutral line that
terminates that plasma sheet, and tailward flow on open field lines downstream of that neutral line. Another telltale sign would be for strong convection to correlate with southward interplanetary magnetic field.

The key question for the credibility of Dungey's model concerned the rate of reconnection, the subject of the next section.

I guess this solves the question whether Dungey let magnetic field lines reconnect or not.

Just to add some of the references to Dungey's work:
Dungey, J. W., Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems, Phil. Mag., 44, 725,1953.
Dungey, J. W., Electrodynamics of the outer atmosphere, Sci. Rep. 69, lonos. Res. Lab., Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., 1954.
Dungey, J. W., Electrodynamics of the outer atmosphere, p. 229 in The Physics of the Ionosphere, 1954 Cambridge Conference, Physical Society, London, England, 1955.
Dungey, J. W., Cosmic Electrodynamics, p. 98, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1958.
Dungey, J. W., Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6, 47,1961a.
Dungey, J. W., The steady state of the Chapman-Ferraro problem in two dimensions, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 1043,1961b.
 
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I think that in the one line definition of discharge by Peratt, one would say it is a discharge.

Ok. At least you and I can now communicate.

However, taking also into account the next few sentences, then I do not see MRx as a discharge, because of the "this generally occurs when the electromagnetic stress exceeds some threshold for breakdown" part.

Of course this is all semantics, and thus useless.

Ooops? What happened there? Are you trying to 'fit in' with the 'guys', even the ones that haven't bothered to read the materials in question, and therefore haven't a clue what they are even talking about?

How exactly did you expect us to have a "conversation" if we can't agree on "terms"? Surely you aren't so ignorant as to believe that a "discharge" cannot happen in a plasma because it is a "conductor"?
 
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the Sun’s corona is millions of degrees hotter than the photosphere. These simple observations point to the energy source of the Sun being external.

FYI, I would caution you about getting too carried away with the concept of "internal" vs. "external" energy source for the corona.

15%20April%202001%20WL.gif


This is a white light image of coronal loops coming up and through the surface of the photosphere. Those loops are millions of degrees hot, but that doesn't mean that the *ENTIRE* corona is millions of degrees. Most mainstreamers seem to utterly ignore the whole notion of Thompson scattering in plasmas, they ignore the 'current flows' (as such) coming up and through the photosphere, and even that "current flow" can be "internally" generated. Be careful about "assuming' that excess heat *necessarily* requires an "external" energy source. That may not be the case. It "may" be the case, but then it again, if the sun acts as a cathode or even an anode with an internal energy source, is that "current flow" actually an "internal" or an "external" process?
 
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As Dungey has popped up in the discussion here, I would like to present his model regarding magnetospheric convection, also called "the Dungey cycle." [...]


Okay, so now Dungey's research has been reviewed and shown to not support the crackpot notion that electrical discharges cause or are solar flares and CMEs. So Alfvén doesn't support it. Birkeland doesn't. Bruce doesn't. Dungey doesn't. Looking at pictures and declaring it looks like a bunny doesn't. Lying doesn't support it. A variety of logical fallacies have been tried and busted pretty readily, and they don't support it. Seems the electric Sun cranks are floundering here, not a shred of quantitative objective support for their wacky claim.
 
FYI, I would caution you about getting too carried away with the concept of "internal" vs. "external" energy source for the corona.

[qimg]http://www.thesurfaceofthesun.com/images/15%20April%202001%20WL.gif[/qimg]

This is a white light image of coronal loops coming up and through the surface of the photosphere. Those loops are millions of degrees hot, but that doesn't mean that the *ENTIRE* corona is millions of degrees. Most mainstreamers seem to utterly ignore the whole notion of Thompson scattering in plasmas, they ignore the 'current flows' (as such) coming up and through the photosphere, and even that "current flow" can be "internally" generated. Be careful about "assuming' that excess heat *necessarily* requires an "external" energy source. That may not be the case. It "may" be the case, but then it again, if the sun acts as a cathode or even an anode with an internal energy source, is that "current flow" actually an "internal" or an "external" process?


Looks like a bunny, yep. But not really. And there's nothing quantitative or objective there whatsoever. In order to be legitimately scientific, one must be quantitative and objective. So the comment above is just another in a long line of failures.
 
Okay, so now Dungey's research has been reviewed and shown to not support the crackpot notion that electrical discharges cause or are solar flares and CMEs.

What?!?!?

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a910645978~frm=abslink


Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems

Discharges are shown to be a possible source of high energy particles, if the current density is very large. The growth of the current density is discussed using the fact that the magnetic lines of force are approximately frozen into the ionized gas. It is shown that discharges are unlikely to occur anywhere except at neutral points of the magnetic field. Neutral points are found to be unstable in such a way that a small perturbation will start a discharge in a time of the order of the characteristic time of the system. Such discharges may account for aurorae, and may also occur in solar flares and the interstellar gas.

What does Dungey mean by that part in yellow there GM?
 
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What does Dungey mean by that part in yellow there GM?


Well he certainly isn't saying electrical discharges are or cause CMEs and solar flares. It seems conciseness of communication is as unimportant to electric Sun crackpots as quantitative analysis is. Oh, and it was 1953 after all. Humans hadn't even transcended the bounds of the Earth's atmosphere yet. To some people science stopped when Birkeland died. Real science, however, isn't a guessing game for kids like the electric Sun crackpots want it to be. It moves ahead no matter how desperately the cranks want to cling to the dead science and scientists from the past.

So far in this thread we have come to the reasoned conclusion that neither Dungey, Alfvén, Birkeland, nor Bruce had a solar model in/on which electrical discharges are or cause solar flares and CMEs.
 
Well he certainly isn't saying electrical discharges are or cause CMEs and solar flares.

I'm sorry, maybe I confused you by highlighting too much of Dungey's text the first time. Let me try again for you:

Conditions for the occurrence of electrical discharges in astrophysical systems

Discharges are shown to be a possible source of high energy particles, if the current density is very large. The growth of the current density is discussed using the fact that the magnetic lines of force are approximately frozen into the ionized gas. It is shown that discharges are unlikely to occur anywhere except at neutral points of the magnetic field. Neutral points are found to be unstable in such a way that a small perturbation will start a discharge in a time of the order of the characteristic time of the system. Such discharges may account for aurorae, and may also occur in solar flares and the interstellar gas.

Ok, explain *ONLY* the yellow parts for us now GM and explain in detail what you think he means by the parts in yellow.
 
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Ok, explain *ONLY* the yellow parts for us now GM and explain in detail what you think he means by the parts in yellow.

The yellow parts indicate that he's speculating that solar flares might contain conditions suitable to create what he calls electrical discharge. Nothing about that suggests that he thinks electrical discharges CAUSE solar flares. That much should be obvious, since he says that they may "account for aurorae", but only "occur in solar flares". If he meant that electrical discharges cause solar flares, he would have said that they "account for" solar flares as well. So it appears that you have the relationship backwards: he thinks solar flares might cause discharges, not that discharges cause solar flares.
 
I'm sorry, maybe I confused you by highlighting too much. Let me try again for you:



Ok, explain *ONLY* the yellow parts for us now GM and explain in detail what you think he means by the parts in yellow.


Electrical discharges "are or are the cause of" solar flares and CMEs is, in basic grade school level English anyway, not the same thing as "may also occur in". It would be a stupid and truly dishonest argument to attempt to conflate those two quite different concepts. So I'm sure we can all agree that argument constitutes yet another in a consistent string of miserable failures to support the claim.

Not to mention the fact that any idiot realizes solar science has progressed significantly since 1953. The dishonest effort to cherry pick a few select words and phrases from some outdated material is the antithesis of science, but apparently a pretty common strategy among crackpots.

And the dishonest effort to shift the burden of proof is once again, as always, noted.

We have come to the reasoned conclusion that neither Dungey, Alfvén, Birkeland, nor Bruce had a solar model in/on which electrical discharges are or cause solar flares and CMEs. Nothing legitimately scientific, quantitative, and objective has been offered yet that might change that.
 
Electrical discharges "are or are the cause of" solar flares and CMEs is, in basic grade school level English anyway, not the same thing as "may also occur in".

In terms of the plasma particles that are emitted at a significant portion of the speed of light, what's the difference in your mind?
 
In terms of the plasma particles that are emitted at a significant portion of the speed of light, what's the difference in your mind?


In terms of the English language, very basic English at that, the phrase "are or are the cause of" means something entirely different than the phrase "may also occur in". I can run those phrases through my word processor to determine the readability level if anyone is having difficulty understanding them.

Nothing has changed the reasoned conclusion that neither Dungey, Alfvén, Birkeland, nor Bruce had a solar model in/on which electrical discharges are or cause solar flares and CMEs. Nothing legitimately scientific, quantitative, and objective has been offered yet that might change that.
 
In terms of the English language, very basic English at that, the phrase "are or are the cause of" means something entirely different than the phrase "may also occur in". I can run those phrases through my word processor to determine the readability level if anyone is having difficulty understanding them.

But either way you look at it, you're now willing to rescind this ignorant statement of yours?

There is no electrical discharge processes involved in solar filament eruptions and CMEs.
 
That's nice. Your quote, however, does not say that.

FYI, here was Peratt's *definition* of an electrical discharge in a plasma that I provided earlier:

1 .5 Electrίcal Discharges in Cosmic Plasma

An electrical discharge is a sudden release of electric or magnetic stored energy. This generally occurs when the electromagnetic stress exceeds some threshold for breakdown that is usually determined by small scale properties of the energy transmission medium. As such, discharges are local phenomena and are usually accompanied by violent processes such as rapid heating, ionization, the creation of pinched and filamentary conduction channels, particle acceleration, and the generation of prodigious amounts of electromagnetic radiation. As an example, multi-terawatt pulsed-power generators on earth rely on strong electrical discharges to produce intense particle beams, Χrays, and microwανes . Megajoules of energy are electrically stored in capacitor banks, whose volume may encompass 250 m^3 . This energy is then transferred to a discharge regίοn, located many meters from the source, viα a transmission line.

The discharge region, or load, encompasses at most a few cubic centimeters of space, and is the site of high-variability, intense, electromagnetic radiation (Figure 1 .2). On earth, lightning is another example of the discharge mechanism at work where electrostatic energy is stored in clouds whose volume may be of the order of 3,000 km3. This energy is released in a few cubic meters of the discharge channel.

Now of course know for a fact from lab experiments that "electrical discharges':

A) heat plasma to millions of degrees like flares do.
B) emit x-rays and gamma rays like flares do.
C) 'pinch' free neutrons from plasma and generate neutron capture signatures in plasma (like we observe in flares)
D) They occur *naturally* around all bodies in space with an atmosphere and a magnetic field and sun is the largest such body in the solar system.

How many puzzle pieces have to fit together before you accept reality anyway?
 
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