Indeed.
Shootings have been documented and that corroborates the witness testimonies related to gassings. How?
By providing direct evidence of a policy of extermination. It isn't possible to shoot 1 million people of an ethnic minority while your leadership are publicly screaming about Ausrottung and Vernichtung on practically a weekly basis, and for the evidence of 1 million shot to death not to constitute evidence of a policy of extermination.
In fact, there is documentary evidence showing far more than 1 million were shot, there is also documentary evidence - which you have handwaved away - that this was state policy, as outlined by very high level Nazis like Himmler, and there is documentary evidence of gassing.
It follows quite naturally that if the Nazis were capable of shooting 1 million Jews, that they were also capable of killing 5 million Jews by a combination of means. Once the threshold into seven figures is crossed, then this can no longer be explained away by references to executing spies.
Let me ask you this. Were there any innocent civilians who happened to be Jewish who were killed during the war?
Sure.
Were there any black marketeers who happened to be Jewish who were caught and executed during the war?
The civilised penalty for black marketeering is not a death sentence. I'm unaware that black marketeers were routinely executed in France, or Poland.
In fact, the Generalgouvernement administration applied the death penalty not to Jewish black marketeers, but to anyone found outside the boundaries of the ghetto, following the handing down of what is known as the Schiessbefehl in October 1941.
I have before me a document, which has long been known to specialist researchers, which indicates that the Kommandeur der Ordnungspolizei in the Lublin district carried out this Schiessbefehl and over a period of 2 months at the start of 1942, executed 873 Jews for 'wandering around'.
Nice people, the Nazis.
Were there any partisans who happened to be Jewish who were killed fighting the Germans?
Yes, of course. But there were very few Jews in the Soviet partisan movement as it was organised in 1941. There were
some Jews who later on fled to the partisans
because they were Jewish.
And there were a very great many Jews who were executed in 'ratio reprisals' (10:1, 100:1) who had been arrested or interned merely because they were Jewish, and were shot because they were the most convenient 'hostages' to hand.
About 1,600 Austrian Jews were forced into Yugoslavia during the 'emigration' phase from 1938-41, and fell into German hands when Yugoslavia was overrun in 1941, 1,107 being interned in a camp at Kragujevac. They were thus, already behind barbed wire when the order came down to shoot them in reprisal for the actions of Tito's partisans in the autumn of 1941.
Spys who happened to be Jewish who were caught and executed?
I'm sure there were some, but there were very few spies overall and such executions cannot explain all the shootings.
Would any Jew living in Europe during the holocaust have died if there hadn't been a holocaust?
Quite a few did. Soldiers serving in the Polish Army and Red Army took heavy casualties in combat against German forces, easily more than 200,000 being killed in this fashion. They're not counted in the 5.3 million victims of the Holocaust.
10s of 1000s of German, Austrian and Czech Jews expired from natural causes or premature deaths from illnesses that might have been exacerbated by the short rations and lack of medical care allowed to Jews under the benevolent tutelage of the Nazis. They aren't considered unequivocal Holocaust victims, either, though they're certainly part of the demographic loss.
I can imagine that Jews in Belgium died from war related causes from 1940-44, but such deaths aren't counted among the 24,000 Jewish dead listed in the usual tabulations, as these are counted solely from among those who were deported because they were Jewish.
In France, about 72,000 Jews did not return from Jewish deportation transports, i.e. they were deported because they were Jewish. About 1000 Jews do not appear to have returned from 'punishment' transports, but the reasons for their arrests and intermingling with French prisoners is often to be traced back to their Jewishness. About 1100 were shot, again many being shot because their Jewishness made them excellent hostages in the eyes of the Nazis, who had strange ideas about how to impress the French resistance with their resolve. And about 3000 - this is the most uncertain number - died in internment camps, where they had been put because they were Jewish.
Nowhere in these figures are there any civilian casualties from collateral damage caused by fighting or bombing. I'm sure there must have been some, but Normandy wasn't known for its substantial Jewish population before the war, and Paris wasn't fought over until 1944, and by then there cannot have been very many Jews left in the city, as the rest had been deported or fled.
It's all rather pie in the sky to try and work out how many Jews would have been killed had the Nazis not been raving antisemites. Their policies and actions guaranteed that from a fairly early stage - the 'hostages' crisis in 1941 in France - any Jews caught up in reprisals and repressions were being victimised on the grounds of their Jewishness and not for their actual actions.
Most of the reprisal shootings, and a very large proportion of the deportations of Frenchmen, came in 1944, when the Nazis took the gloves off and started wiping out entire French villages, as had become customary in the Soviet Union, Poland, Greece, Yugoslavia and Italy.
Even in Poland, it's not very convincing to claim that there would have been very many Jewish deaths from 'mere' reprisals. In 1939-41 the Germans kept the Jews behind ghetto walls, shooting them for breaking made-up rules that didn't apply in the same way to Poles, or just for the hell of it. Jews started dying simply to amuse Nazis in September 1939. Rations were issued on a discriminatory racist basis so that Jews received the least of any nationality and therefore any deaths from starvation must be laid squarely at the feet of the Nazis.
The numerous executions of Polish resistance fighters or more often, potential resistance fighters, in 1939-41 did not affect Jews as much because of the ethnic divide between nationalities in Poland. Very few Jews could thus participate in the underground movement. I am in fact unaware of a single act of overt armed resistance from any Polish Jew from 1939-41. Maybe a very few highly assimilated Polish Jewish army lieutenants belonged to some of the early Polish partisan groups, but if so their names and fates are not recorded. There must have been some, since the Soviets executed more than a few such Polish Jewish reserve officers at Katyn. They're not counted as Holocaust victims, either.
Unfortunately, by moving against Jews largely before they moved against other groups, the Nazis have knocked your evidently very silly argument out of your hand.
The problem you're having here in the reliance on euphemisms and coded language. You can't simply retrofit words with sinister meaning and call it explicit language.
I didn't. I contrasted an entirely explicit document which indicates that 97,000 had been 'processed' by gas vans at Chelmno with a document that used a euphemism, Sondebehandlung, to describe the intended fate of a quota of 100,000 Jews living in the same region as Chelmno. You failed to explain this remarkable convergence of numbers.
It is however true that Sonderbehandlung can also be decoded by examining a great many other documents where the term is used interchangeably with execution, liquidation etc, so that we can be fairly sure that even where we find it standing on its lonesome, it means execution.
What was the development/evolution of this coded language? When did it start? Who decided what words would shift meaning? Where is the rosetta stone that allows the euphemisms to be translated back and forth into explicit language? Did 'special treatment' always mean killing? Did it mean killing prior to the Nazi takeover in 1933? When did it morph into a phrase that can always be interpreted as killing?
I know of
one use of Sonderbehandlung in a context where it unequivocally does not mean killing. This was in 1939, and it appeared in a thinkpiece drawn up by members of the Racial Political Office of the NSDAP, ie a civilian Party agency.
By the same point in time, Heydrich and the RSHA were already using Sonderbehandlung as a euphemism for any extrajudicial execution carried out by the Gestapo, a practice that did not exist in peacetime and was solely the product of the war years. The RSHA asserted the right to execute Polish workers in Germany without recourse to the justice ministry or its courts and spelled out that in cases where the Pole was guilty merely of having sex with a German woman, that Sonderbehandlung was to be carried out by hanging, in public. From there the term spread to encompass any extrajudicial execution and came to be used extensively in the occupied territories, especially Poland and the Soviet Union. Due to cooperation between the Gestapo and the WVHA-run concentration camps, and between the Gestapo and civilian authorities, not to mention between the RSHA's Einsatzgruppen and the Wehrmacht, the term spread across the entire Nazi regime and can be found used interchangeably with execution or shooting in the reports of Army units and other agencies.
If 'resettlement' meant killing, what did the Germans say when they meant resettlement? When did the final solution to the jewish question become murder instead of emigration?
Actually the Nazis - please stop calling them Germans - used a variety of terms. They spoke of Evakuierungen, evacuations, on many occasions. Depending on the context, this might well be a true event - the Nazis did after all evacuate more than 1 million Russians westward from the combat zone in 1945 - or it might be used euphemistically.
The Nazis also used Umsiedlung - resettlement - and Aussiedlung - out-settlement.
Context might include the use of inverted commas in the original text. If a document says nach der 'Judenumsiedlung' and puts the word Judenumsiedlung in inverted commas, then this has obviously been demarcated as a euphemism.
Umsiedlung, Aussiedlung and Evakuierung could all be used to describe genuine resettlements of non-Jewish civilians. The reason that context determines that they are genuine resettlements is that the documents specify a proper destination. When these words are used to describe the deportations of the Jews, they are most often used with no destination specified. It is simply 'the evacuation' or 'the resettlement'. It defies common sense that the Nazis would omit to mention the specific destination where the 'evacuation' was headed on so many occasions, when an examination of a comparable set of documents regarding genuine resettlements shows that sooner or later the destinations are mentioned.
Umsiedlung, Aussiedlung and Evakuierung were also used on many occasions to describe shootings. This was technically correct: the Nazis had 'resettled' the Jews from the town into a mass grave out of town. One such document from the KdS Weissruthenien orders the Umsiedlung of the Jews of Slutsk thus
On 8 and 9 February 1943 there will be a resettlement in the town Sluzk by the local command the resettlement of the Jews there.
The evacuation of the Jews to the resettlement place happens by means of 6 trucks, each to be accompanied by 4 Latvians.
At the resettlement area are 2 pits. At each pit a group of 10 leaders and men will work, to be relieved every 2 hours. Times 8-10 o'clock, 10-12 o'clock, 12-14 o'clock, 14-16 o'clock.
I once had a denier reply as follows to this - I admit I had semi-flippantly said that the Jews were apparently resettled into a ditch.
What I can make of this text with my poor German skills (you could have given me a translation too) is this :
Commandos have hauled away a bunch of jews from the city of Sluzk. These people were sent for forced labor to a relocation facility in 6 trucks. In this relocation facility, there are 2 workings. Of each of the workings, groups of 10 people work who for two hours after which they are relieved by another group. This text makes perfect sense when taking literally. Of course, it does sound a bit strange if you translate the word "Grube" as ditch, but an online dictionary I checked does not even mention this word as a possible translation. Rather, it translates the word as pit, workings or pothole.
Mea culpa, ditch, pit. But the ninny seemed to think that the Jews were being shoved down a mine or pothole. Which would be hilarious, if it weren't so sad.
Unfortunately the document goes on to say
Als Patronenausgeber auf dem Umsiedlungsgelaende sind SS-Mann Kraft und Rottwachtmeister Altmann zustaendig....
Translation: SS-Man Kraft and Lance-Sergeant Altmann are tasked as dispensers of cartridges on the resettlement terrain.
This still wasn't enough, so I drew attention to the next line
Gleichzeitig ist Vorgenannter fuer die Gestellung der Munition zustaendig.
Translation: at the same time the above named is tasked with the provision of ammunition.
There are other documents relating to this action which further refute any attempt to take resettlement absolutely literally here. There are yet other documents which are headlined 'evacuation of the Jews from x' and then in the final page say that the Jews were all shot.
But no, I don't claim that every use of resettlement or evacuation implies killing. In some cases the term is used as an obvious euphemism, as in the above example. In others it is a half-truth. Jews were evacuated to Auschwitz. But not all the deportees were killed on arrival. So the use of a phrase like Evakuierung nach Auschwitz simply conveys the bare essential information for the intended purpose - coordinating deportations, usually - while omitting the intended fate. This becomes clear from other sources.
If you want to rely on the euphemisms and coded language approach to reinterpreting documents, you need to explain how this came about. How did the Germans themselves make up this secret language?
Actually, nitwit, I relied in my previous long post on pointing at documents like Himmler's Sonthofen speech which was entirely explicit and non-euphemistic.
The Nazis - please stop calling them Germans - used explicit language interchangeably with some euphemisms and some half-truths or deceptions by omission. One can proceed quite safely on the basis that every time a supposedly inocuous word is put in inverted commas it means something other than it says at face value. If the document uses an inocuous word and then goes on to use an explicit word, then in that context the first word is no longer inocuous. If a resettlement is ordered or recorded and there is no mention of an intended destination then one has strong grounds for suspicion that it wasn't a genuine resettlement. If the treatment of the Jews in the region which is suffering these mysteriously autistic resettlements is then described as the destruction of the Jews, then the fiction is exposed still further.
Did this secret language get translated so the Czech or Hungarian collaborators would know exactly what was meant?
Axis collaborators had no need to know, although I expect that Hungarian occupation troops serving alongside German forces knew what Sonderbehandlung meant. A Slovak foreign office official wasn't going to be told what the precise fate of the deportees was, and indeed when the Slovaks started getting antsy and wanted to visit the 'resettlement camps' the Nazis fobbed them off with a proposed visit to Theresienstadt, to which not one Slovakian Jew had been sent at that time.
Which one of the Allies first cracked this euphemistic code?
All of them, essentially simultaneously, since there were more than sufficient documents which exposed the euphemisms for what they were, and there were more than sufficient documents which used entirely explicit terms like destroyed and shot.
Until you can explain how this patently absurd invention of a new language came about and how it was discovered, you don't have anything that explicitly says extermination.
I have plenty of such documents, and cited a few already. Did you really not read the Sonthofen speech? Are you still having difficulty explaining away the convergence between '97,000 processed' and '100,000 zur Sonderbehandlung'?
And please to explain it in a way that doesn't sound like a conspiracy theory
The Holocaust was a criminal conspiracy, and the Nazis demonstrably covered up their actual actions. They screamed about Ausrottung and Vernichtung of the Jews in public then went entirely quiet on what they were doing. No press reports appeared in the Voelkische Beobachter reporting on the
deportations, let alone what was going on in the east.
Behind closed doors, the Nazis used explicit language quite a lot, but they also used euphemisms. Sometimes this was to restrict knowledge on a need-to-know basis, but more often this was purely for their own psychological well-being, since it is easier to carry out mass murder if you use euphemisms.
This is why the Cheka bequeathed the world the term liquidation, which was borrowed from the procedures to wind up businesses. If you liquidate a business, then you are winding up a limited liability company. By definition the owner of the business is not dissolved along with the assets, he becomes at worst, bankrupt. If however you liquidate
people, then there is no such limited liability, and the entire world in every language accepts that such a phrase = killing. It doesn't
say killing, or execution (itself a term that doesn't say killing, but is universally understood to mean killing - you can execute an order and need not hurt anyone, but execute a person, and they are dead), or murder, or shooting, or beheading, or gassing, or hanging. By not spelling out the messy methods, it becomes easier for the superiors of the executioners to order the killings.
The Nazis also used the term liquidation - as we saw in the Goebbels diary entry of 27 March 1942, which you avoided just as you avoided Himmler's Sonthofen speech.
Here it is again:
The Jews are now being pushed out of the General Government, beginning near Lublin, to the East. A pretty barbaric procedure is being applied here, and it is not to be described in any more detail, and not much is left of the Jews themselves. In general one may conclude that 60% of them must be liquidated, while only 40% can be put to work. The former Gauleiter of Vienna [Globocnik], who is carrying out this action, is doing it pretty prudently and with a procedure that doesn't work too conspicuously. The Jews are being punished barbarically, to be sure, but they have fully deserved it. The prophesy that the Führer issued to them on the way, for the eventuality that they started a new world war, is beginning to realise itself in the most terrible manner. One must not allow any sentimentalities to rule in these matters. If we did not defend ourselves against them, the Jews would annihilate us. It is a struggle for life and death between the Aryan race and the Jewish bacillus. No other government and no other regime could muster the strength for a general solution of the question. Here too, the Führer is the persistent pioneer and spokesman of a radical solution, which is demanded by the way things are and thus appears to be unavoidable. Thank God, during the war we now have a whole series of possibilities which were barred to us in peacetime. We must exploit them. The ghettos which are becoming available in the General Government are now being filled with the Jews who are being pushed out of the Reich, and after a certain time the process is then to renew itself here. Jewry has nothing to laugh about...
I've seen some pretty grotesque attempts to explain away this diary entry, but you can't even manage a handwave.