These posts are possible to respond to when there are no exclamation points and no sarcasm. I really appreciate this, because I've decided that it's just plain not worth responding to sarcasm. I wouldn't do it in face to face conversations-- I won't do it online. And I won't do it in my own posts either. If I ever do, I hope someone calls me on it, because I don't want to do it (although it's true-- it can be a bad habit that's hard to avoid.)
I'm really not sure what to say about things that are just not correct, so it's hard to respond to those. You can clearly see from the things I post that they are thoughtful responses to what other people have said, and if anything, I've been too likely in the past to bend over backwards to agree with everybody and not make waves. That, I just can't do anymore, or there's no point in taking part in a forum.
There are a lot of very good reasons to utilize specific types of evidence in order to bolster arguments, such as
peer-reviewed articles, written by credentialed researchers, hosted at specific locations (such as PubMed.) Even empirical research has many, many opportunities to go wrong at many different stages in its application (as with the Vioxx mess). Do you see how far from the mark evidence can stray when the empirical method isn't followed as closely as possible? If we are making specific claims about the success or failure rate of a treatment modality, a medication, the best method of treatment for a disorder, etc., we have to use the best quality research we can find to back up our arguments. That's why the article you provided was an excellent piece of evidence for the idea that a combination of treatments help clients' perceived recovery from delusional experiences in the context of schizophrenia. (It does not provide evidence regarding objective recovery either way, but we'll get into that later on.)
If we're making a more wide-ranging argument, on the other hand, ( such as: "what are the proper magisteria for science and "religion"?"), we can bring in all different types of evidence. It may surprise you, but I agree 100% with Stephen Jay Gould on this one: there ARE two different magisteria, and this statement can be logically supported (considering SJG's definition of "religion". He was as least as much an atheist as, say, Richard Dawkins, although they didn't get along very well, so it's a little complicated.) However, I don't agree JUST because SJG said it, because that would be an appeal to authority fallacy; I have to bring in a lot of different types of evidence in order to support my opinion. Empirical evidence in the form of peer-reviewed articles from journals does indeed form a part of this support, but there's a lot more.
Schizophrenia is a more straightforward issue, and a lot of it is because we
know that it does have a very high rate of heritability (around 50 percent. PTSD, by contrast, has zero heritability.) Peter Chadwick does seem to bring up a lot of interesting issues from what I can see (again, though, the problem is that I wasn't at that speech, and the link is to a book. Amazon doesn't let me read more than a couple of pages of the book, and I can't cut and paste from it here. This is great for Chadwick's general argument; for specific facts, it's not so great.) He mentions ethical concerns he has with genetic modifications of the heritable components of schizophrenia. Yes, these are theoretically important concerns to have; however, one can tell from even a couple of pages of the book that the arguments he uses to support these concerns have some real problems (for one thing, he's using sources from the 1960's, 1970's, and early 1980's!) He talks about the definition of schizophrenia and what it actually consists of, but when he mentions the deficit concept attitude of psychoanalytic practioners to the mentally ill, this just has nothing to do with virtually anything whatsoever which is occurring at the present time (in community mental health, social workers provide most of the treatment, there's one psychiatrist on staff, and then there's a nurse. There must be psychoanalysts in existence somewhere on the planet, but I have never seen or met one.) It's straw man criticism.
It's also not a good sign to see mania referred to as a distortion of a creative mood, because mischaracterizing a different mental illness (bipolar disorder) doesn't bode well for how the one at hand (schizophrenia) is going to be conceptualized. To state that he's looking for the positive "flowers" under the "rubble" of pathology does and can represent something positive in outlook-- I'm trained a social worker; we're all about the strength-based perspective-- but this just can't be at the expense of understanding what a biological mental illness really is. When Chadwick ranges off into talking about the "schizophrenic credit", very ill-defined "borderline states" (well, no borderline personality disorder doesn't have anything to do with this, except that it might very well be co-occurring, and then you'd have to deal with that too), and Jung, things start to become rather incoherent. And then... the word
synchronicity comes up on page 3, and Chadwick says that he's going to use it a lot in the book. (JoetheJuggler? Are you around? You may want to comment here...)
Anyway,
here's the link.
I think that Chadwick does have the kernels of some very worthwhile ideas, but that they devolve into some incomprehensible things pretty fast. I don’t think it’s an accident that he does have a psychotic disorder himself, as quoted in the Stanton and David article. His own writing gets a
whole lot more bizarre than the clear-headed statement that "viewpoints of patients should be taken into account when researching recovery methods," which is probably why Chadwick wasn't the one who actually did the research or writing (nor did that quote come from him). The authors of the article were Stanton and David, and this actually was a literature review of a series of ‘First Person Accounts’ about the onset, recovery and experience of delusions in patients with schizophrenia.This needs to be emphasized: this was not original research, not a study on medication or therapy; this was a literature review examining the subjects’ perceptions of their own experiences. Does this review have value? Yes, definitely. However, its limitations must be taken into account, and it truly needs to be re-emphasized that it does not provide objective information of any kind regarding the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of any type of treatment, whether medication or therapy-based, only persons’ subjective experiences of it.
However, any type of research published in a peer-reviewed journal is a big step up. There are important reasons to seek out, find, and cite these types of articles. We all need to work to improve our arguments, all the time, because they could always be better than they are.
APA format citation:
David, A., & Stanton, B.(2000.) First-person accounts of delusions. Psychiatric Bulletin, 24: 333-336