Skeptic,
Why is hitting the jerk "The right amount of anger"?
What exactly does it accomplish?
Fair question.
Aristotle says, correctly, that it accomplishes
a courageous act, which is done
for the sake of being courageous, much like a dancer dances
for the sake of dancing well.
Virtue is done for its own sake. It is not done for any other goal.
In my view why feel angry at all if you can avoid it? Why let him wreck your night? Because I can assure you that the complication would most likely not end with a well delivered punch.
Indeed so. You might get beat up; you might spend the night in jail. But it is almost always better, from a rational point of view of material benefits and losses, to be a coward and not a courageous man.
We don't need this example: how about being courageous on the battlefield? There, you might not just get beat up or in jail; you might end up dead. It's almost always better to run away. And yet people sometimes are courageous there, too. Are they idiots? No. They simple
are courageous people acting courageously.
Cowardice is when fear stops you from doing what's best, what's needed. How is hitting a jerk what's best and needed? Who's life does it improve?
Yes, but, again, that all depends what your definition of
best is.
If best is "doing what is the most utility producing", which seems to be more or less what you are proposing, then it is best not to hit back -- but it is also best to run away from the battlefield, or to leave your wife to be raped in a dark alley as you call the cops from a safe distance. There would be previous little acts of cowardice left using that definition -- it's practically always "best", rationally speaking, to be a coward.
Aristotle's definition is the correct one. It is best to be courageous not because of any utility maximizing calculus, but for its own own sake. Because being a courageous man is better than being a coward.
Don't believe me? Imagine if you hide and walk away, and just go to another bar, meekly and silently, as to not provoke the man who mocked and assaulted you further. How would you feel? Would you feel proud of yourself -- "hooray, I did the thing the rational cost/benefit analysis declared is the correct choice!"? Or would you feel, quite correctly, that you were a malingering coward and feel ashamed of yourself?
P.S.
This reminds me: don't you like how some people sometimes say that they were "courageous" to
act like cowards -- because they "braved" the "social ostracism" of being known as cowards? It might be comforting to them, but I don't think anybody except other cowards buys this pathetic excuse. Social ostracism is not something cowards "brave" or "confront". It is simply the natural consequence of
being a coward.