Quolls
One cold winter night about 1945 there was a big ruckus in the chook house. Dad shoots a quoll (think that's spelt right) as it was killing chooks. Have never seen one since they are very rare, perhaps someone we know will provide a picture as he is very good at that. It was spotty black and white like a big cat from memory.
1080 poisoning by the government in the 50s wiped many creatures out and caused cancer in humans as it's made from sodium fluoride. (Bastards)
Google is your friend Bob:
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/quolls2004.html
Not that rare, and unlike many of your posts, I actually believe the first part of this post, but not the second.
I used to see a lot of them on sealed roads at night around the Top End - probably enjoying the warmth before inevitably becoming road kill.
First thing we need to do is stop using the term "rare", since it tends to be a bit subjective. Like "common". Depends on where you are really.
The fact is that between the six species currently available, their status ranges from "not-threatened", through "vulnerable", to "endangered". Despite their conservation status, however, there are enough of them about that most people will have seen them or their spoor if they've spent any time in the bush. More importantly, there are enough of them that if we're careful, they'll do alright.
Humans are ultimately the biggest threat to them, through the agency of the usual suspects; indiscriminate poisoning, loss of habitat and competition from introduced species. The method of dispatch mentioned by Sideroxylon does a lot of them in too, and unfortunately this is probably how most folks get their first look at a quoll.
I might have thought that cats and foxes would be less of a threat to quolls, since they're well-equipped to take care of themselves, and in some areas they are considered to be apex predators. The experience of the Eastern Quoll in fox-free (we hope) Tasmania, however, seems to indicate that other carnivores do indeed have an effect. I suspect that pressure would come from competition for prey rather than from direct attacks. They're nasty little buggers if they're cornered, Just like
Tasmanian Devils, to which they are related, and I wouldn't take one on without Arthwollipot and something sharp standing by.
As with many native animals, the biggest threat at the moment in some areas is the
Cane Toad,
Bufo marinus.
Quolls look like this:
©Geocities
©Quoll Seekers Network ©Flamungo
Edumacational Stuff
Australian Government - Department of Leftover Bits and Pieces
Quolls are carnivorous marsupials with a pointed snout, a long tail and brown to black fur distinctively spotted with white. They are lively, attractive animals, with bright eyes, a moist pink nose and many sharp teeth.
The largest species, the spotted-tailed quoll, eats birds, reptiles and mammals such as bandicoots, possums, echidnas and rabbits. The smaller quolls eat mainly insects, birds, frogs, lizards, snakes, small mammals and fruit. Quolls also eat carrion (dead animals), and sometimes scavenge around campsites and rubbish bins.
And Bob's dad's chookhouse!
Like most Australian mammals, quolls are mainly active at night. Typically, they spend the day in one of their many dens, although Spotted-tailed Quolls and Northern Quolls sometimes forage and bask in the sunshine.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Infraclass Marsupialia
Order Dasyuromorphia
Family Dasyuridae
Genus Dasyurus
The
Dasyuridae family also includes the previously mentioned Tassie Devil and the extinct (prolly)
Thylacine. All of these have nasty, big, bitey teeth,
like rabbits
There are currently six known species of quoll. These are they:
Tiger Quoll or
Spotted Quoll,
Dasyurus maculatus
These are the dudes in the pictures above, and are the largest and most numerous. They're Australia's largest carnivorous marsupial except for "Matilda", the giant kangaroo from the Commonwealth Games in Brissie, which ate children.
There are two subspecies
Dasyurus maculatus maculatus, found from southern Queensland south to Tasmania and
Dasyurus maculatus gracilis, found in an isolated population in northeastern Queensland.
Size ranges from 35-75 cm (14-30 in) in length with a tail of about 34-50 cm (14-20 in). When fully grown, males can reach 7 kilograms (15 lb) while females reach about 4 kilograms (9 lb). The northern mob are noticeably smaller than their southern cousins.
Wikipedia
Before European settlement the southern subspecies had a range extending from southern Queensland through coastal New South Wales and Victoria to Tasmania. It is now confined to a few areas, mostly in national parks, and listed as threatened in all mainland states. Land clearing, habitat destruction, and possible predation by the red fox and cats have led to the decline. It has a large home range, and can cover over 6 km overnight.
The northern subspecies of the Tiger Quoll lives in restricted areas around Cairns and Cooktown in northern Queensland, and also in Papua New Guinea. It is slightly smaller than the southern subspecies. It is predicted that only 50% of quolls remain compared to last century.
The Tiger Quoll is listed by the IUCN on the Red List of Threatened Species with the status "vulnerable". The Australian Department of the Environment and Heritage considers the northern subspecies
D. m. gracilis as "endangered". Chooks consider them to be "threatening".
Western Quoll or
Chuditch,
Dasyurus geoffroii
Found in the southwestern part of Western Australia, these little fellers are about ½ the size of the Tiger Quoll.
Wikipedia
The Western Quoll was formerly found throughout most of inland Australia, reaching areas of Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. It is now restricted to the south-western corner of Western Australia, where it inhabits wet and dry sclerophyll forests and mallee.
Of all the other quolls, the Western Quoll is most closely related to the . . .
Bronze Quoll,
Dasyurus spartacus (and so's his wife)
. . . which come from New Guinea. The Bronze Quoll was only discovered in the 1970s, and only properly described as a separate species in 1987. The Queensland Museum is studying them, but little is known about them so far.
New Guinean Quoll,
Dasyurus albopunctatus
These also come from New Guinea. Who'd o' thunk it?
They're only little, at about ½-1½ kg (1-3 lb) and mainly live in the highlands above 3 000 feet. They spend a lot of their time up in the trees and have transverse pads on the soles of their feet, an adaptation which is not present in the mainland species.
Both of the New Guinea varieties of quoll are believed to be under threat from the same nasties as ours are, but it's pretty rugged and remote up there so I doubt if anyone knows for sure.
Northern Quoll,
Dasyurus hallucatus
These appear in a number of separate populations across northern Australia from the
Pilbara in the west to around where Bob lives in southeast Queensland.
They're the smallest of all the quolls at a maximum 1 kg (2lb) and are the ones most threatened by the dread cane toad.
The Northern Quoll has recently been listed as "endangered" under Australian Commonwealth legislation (the EPBC Act), although it is only listed as "near threatened" by the IUCN
Eastern Quoll,
Dasyurus viverrinus
These are now found only in Tasmania, although formerly they also lived on the eastern mainland. They're about the size of teh kitteh.
Finally, the poor little fellers have found a safe haven. Without the introduced species like foxes, cats, foxes, cane toads and foxes, they are doing quite well, and could even be said to be (shudder) "common" on the Apple Isle. They are frequently observed scavenging in people's yards and stuff.
Did I mention foxes?
Fun Facts
- Captain Cook collected quolls along the east coast in 1770, and recorded "quoll" as their local Aboriginal name. Quolls were often seen by early settlers, who called them "native cat", "native polecat" and "spotted marten", names based on familiar European animals.
- Male Northern Quolls all die after the mating season, leaving the females to raise the young alone. Deadbeat Dads. Literally.
- The female Eastern Quoll gives birth to up to 30 young. Of these, only the first to attach themselves to the six teats will survive.
- Matilda, the Commonwealth Games kangaroo, didn't really eat children, although that would have been much awesomer. That thing was just soooo gay.
Cheers,
Dave