Anthony Peratt's Plasma Model of Galaxy Formation

[Reality Check]

Plasma Cosmology proponents often cite this plasma model of galaxy formation and evolution. When the errors in it are pointed out they then ignore these until they have an excuse to cute Peratt yet again (as one poster has stated: "blather, rinse, repeat"). So I have started this thread to reduce the number of repetitions. I will prime the pump with the flaws that I perceive (I am not an expert so there may be errors).

In 1986 Anthony Peratt published a pair of papers in the IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science about a model for galaxy formation and evolution that only included plasma and plasma interactions. This was inspired by experiments with plasmoids where the plasmoids showed galaxy like structures (on a tiny scale). Peratt ran some computer simulations based on these experiments and concluded that the simulations matched observations of galaxies.

His model was that the galaxies start as a bundle of galactic sized plasma filaments each with an electric current running through them. These galactic plasma filaments are estimated to have a width of 35 kiloparsecs (100,000 light years) and a length of from 35 megaparasec to 3.5 gigaparasec (an average length of 350 megaparasec or 1 billion light years).

For simplicity he used pairs of filaments. The interaction between the filaments caused them to twist around each other and distort. The initial distribution of plasma looked like radio images of double lobed radio galaxies. This evolved into distributions that looked like optical images of the various types of spiral galaxies. Later he concluded that his model also explained the rotation of galaxies without dark matter.
The computer simulation was done using a couple of plasma simulation packages - SPLASH and TRISTRAN.



The relevant papers are

• On the evolution of interacting, magnetized, galactic plasmas (1983) for the SPLASH simulation details.
• Evolution of the Plasma Universe: I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets (1986).
• Evolution of the Plasma Universe: II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies (1986).
• Rotation velocity and neutral hydrogen distribution dependency on magnetic field strength in spiral galaxies (1995) - no dark matter needed.

The Fatal Error
The results of the computer simulations are maps of the distribution of plasma particles in a plane through the plasma filaments. These are maps of the distribution of the mass in the galaxies since all of the mass is in plasma. Peratt then proceeds to compare these mass distribution maps to radio and optical images. But
* Radio galaxies are almost universally hosted in elliptical galaxies.
* The reason that spiral galaxies look like they have spiral arms is not because there are actual arms (with no matter in between them) but because they are "arms" of high mass density containing lots of bright young stars. The density of matter in between the arms is 10-20% less than the density of matter in the arms (not 100%).
The mass distribution of elliptical galaxies is ellipsoidal so a plane through them produces various ellipses from nearly a circle to flattened to a large degree.
The mass distribution of spiral galaxies is a central bulge contained within a flat disk along with a near-spherical halo outside the disk and bulge. The mass distribution of a plane running through the disk produces a disk with minor variations in density.

Neither mass distribution matches the results from the computer simulations.

This invalidates the model completely and so we need not really continue. But there are other points that are also relevant.

Gravity in the Model
Gravity is ignored in the SPLASH and TRISTRAN simulation packages. This makes them useful only for situations where gravitational forces can be ignored, i.e. on short time scales or where EM forces are known to dominate. Section IX in Peratt's second paper describes proposed extensions to the three-dimensional electromagnetic particle simulation to include gravitational forces. No further work on these extensions seems to have been done since 1986. If the extensions were developed then there are no reports of them having being applied to the plasma model.

Gravitational forces will always have an effect on the formation and evolution of galaxies since they cannot be shielded like electromagnetic forces. Ignoring gravity is the second fatal flaw in Peratt's model.


Galactic plasma filaments should be easily detected.
The large electric current through them will cause synchrotron radiation. There is no evidence for this. See the forum posting Cluster-sized diffuse radio waveband synchrotron radiation and its footnote:

Peratt makes it clear that he expects the synchrotron radiation from (galactic-sized) "Bennett-pinched filaments" to be observed from the x-ray to the microwave wavebands ... IOW, the plasma processes will generate copious quantities of (highly) relativistic electrons, and the magnetic fields associated with the field aligned currents are strong enough. Needless to say that a lack of synchrotron emission in wavebands other than the radio (and microwave, depending on how you define the bands) is but one more inconsistency between his model and the observed universe.

IMHO the movement of filaments through the intergalactic medium will cause shock waves and detectable X-rays (see below).

There is also the problem of why the filaments are not seen in studies of the mass distribution of matter within galactic clusters using gravitational lensing.
See this posting in the extremely long Plasma Cosmology - Woo or Not thread.

Galactic plasma filaments are not stable.
The SPLASH simulation started with 2 columns that were 32 grids high and 6 wide (the grids defined the spatial extent of the simulation). The 1983 paper describing the SPLASH simulation does mention that periodic boundary conditions are imposed (this essentially makes the simulated filaments infinite in length). So it is possible that the factor of 10,000 between the filament lengths in the simulation and model is not a factor. However in my (limited) knowledge of plasma physics, long filaments of plasma are inherently unstable.

The big problem comes because galaxies are dynamic – they move. Galactic clusters also move. Galaxies collide. Galactic clusters collide. Galaxies pass each other and cannibalize each other. The filaments considered alone may be stable but I cannot see them maintaining themselves when they get close or even collide. Not only could separate filaments collide and short circuit their electric currents but a filament could even collide with itself!

Out of nothing
PC proponents are fond of labeling the Big Bang theory an ex nihilo (out of nothing) argument even though the Big Bang theory does not address the origin of the universe. But they do not condemn a similar ex nihilo argument used twice in Peratt’s model.
The first ex nihilo argument is that the galactic plasma filaments are assumed to come into existence (and to form bundles of parallel filaments) at some point in the past to begin the formation of the galaxies.
The second ex nihilo argument is the electric current through each filament that starts from nothing and goes to nothing. IMHO this assumption is especially bad in physical terms because the electric current will experience losses. There will be synchrotron emission and energy loss to the creation of galactic magnetic fields. This means that there must be an external power source. Laboratories studying plasmoids obviously have external power sources but where are the cosmological power sources in Peratt’s model?

 

[Zeuzzz]

The relevant papers are

• On the evolution of interacting, magnetized, galactic plasmas (1983) for the SPLASH simulation details.
• Evolution of the Plasma Universe: I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets (1986).
• Evolution of the Plasma Universe: II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies (1986).
• Rotation velocity and neutral hydrogen distribution dependency on magnetic field strength in spiral galaxies (1995) - no dark matter needed.

Errr, wrong. There are more, and more recent ones. Those are infact pretty old now, there are many more that you missed, published and peer reviewed in other journals too.

From my recent post in the plasma cosmology thread:

Some of which you may want to take a look at. I suggest starting from the most recent. Here they are in order by date.

Evolution of Colliding Plasmas, A. Peratt, J. Green, and D. Nielsen, Physical Review Letters, 44, pp. 1767-1770, 1980 (248K).

Microwave Generation from Filamentation and Vortex Formation within Magnetically Confined Electron Beams, A. L. Peratt and C. M. Snell, Physical Review Letters, 54, pp. 1167-1170, 1985

Evolution of the Plasma Universe: I. Double Radio Galaxies, Quasars, and Extragalactic Jets, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. Vol. PS-14, N.6, pp.639-660, December 1986.

Evolution of the Plasma Universe: II. The Formation of Systems of Galaxies, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. Vol. PS-14, N.6, pp.763-778, December 1986

The Role of Particle Beams and Electrical Currents in the Plasma Universe, A. L. Peratt, Laser and Particle Beams, vol.6, part.3, pp.471-491, 1988.

Synchrotron radiation spectrum for galactic-sized plasma filaments Peter, W.; Peratt, A.L. Plasma Science, IEEE Transactions on Volume 18, Issue 1, Feb 1990

Equilibrium of Intergalactic Currents, B. E. Meierovich and A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 20, p.891, 1992

The Evidence For Electrical Currents in Cosmic Plasma, A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18, p.26 (1990)

Plasma and the universe: large scale dynamics, filamentation, and radiation Astrophysics and Space Science Volume 227, Numbers 1-2 / May, 1995

Electric space: Evolution of the plasma universe Astrophysics and Space Science, Volume 244, Issue 1-2, pp. 89-103, 1996

Advances in Numerical Modeling of Astrophysical and Space Plasma, A. L. Peratt, Astrophysics and Space Science, Volume 256, Numbers 1-2 / March, 1997 [not full text, PM me if you want the full paper]

Advances in Numerical Modeling of Astrophysical and Space Plasma, Part II Astrophysical Force Laws on the Large Scale. A. L. Peratt, Astrophysics and Space Science Volume 256, 1998


I'm sure if you contact the Journal of Astrophysics and Space science or the IEEE and point out any issues they either publish your refutation (considering it passes peer review like all of the above) or they will retract the papers.

Btw, haven't actually fully read your post yet. Not really got the time or the will to get into this again. My thoughts on Peratts model are here for all to see in the plasma cosmology thread. And no, its not essentail to PC that its correct. Just as one might consider some of the various competing theories that are written within the LCDM cosmological framework.

Its just best to have all the info and papers here for others to see before people start the inevitable.

 

[DeiRenDopa]

OK Z, please point out which of the post-1986 papers in your list contain presentations of new material that relates directly to Anthony Peratt's Plasma Model of Galaxy Formation, and which is built on new simulations, or new runs with the same simulations.

You see, I think I've read every paper which cites the 1986 Peratt ones, and none contain any new material; of course, I may have missed something, so please, take your time and respond to my post thoughtfully.

BTW, in case anyone is wondering how Peratt arrived at ~35 kpc as the width of these plasma filaments, the reason is quite interesting, and in turn is one reason why no one has taken his idea very seriously. You see, Peratt, following Alfvén, created a model based solely on plasma scaling relationships, and used estimates for a small number of observed quantities to tie the model down. Having done that, the characteristic width of the filaments falls out automatically, as ~35 kpc.

One corollary of this is that ANY well-observed quantity which is quite inconsistent with what Peratt's model predicts is enough to kill the whole model (there are essentially no free parameters) ... and, as RC has pointed out, there is not just one such well-observed quantity, not just two, ... but rather a large number of them.

(As an aside: if Peratt had done his astronomy homework, he'd have realised this before he submitted the paper for publication, and either dropped it or made extensive modifications; too, if he'd submitted it to a journal such as ApJ, I'm sure the reviewers would have had quite a few recommendations re changes needed before giving an 'OK' to the editor).

 

[Reality Check]

Errr, wrong. There are more, and more recent ones. Those are infact pretty old now, there are many more that you missed, published and peer reviewed in other journals too.

From my recent post in the plasma cosmology thread:

Btw, haven't actually fully read your post yet. Not really got the time or the will to get into this again. My thoughts on Peratts model are here for all to see in the plasma cosmology thread. And no, its not essentail to PC that its correct. Just as one might consider some of the various competing theories that are written within the LCDM cosmological framework.

Its just best to have all the info and papers here for others to see before people start the inevitable.

There are more recent papers as in your list but Peratt's original computer simulations have never been reported as repeated. If you have citations to papers that repeat the simulations and fix the flaws (e.g. do not predict that spiral galaxies are actual spirals rather than the observed disk + bulge) then I would be interested.

I agree that Peratt's theory is not essential to PC. None of the theories (dozens of theories?) in PC is essential. The point of this thread is the inability of PC proponents to grasp the obvious flaws in Peratt's model and to provide a single resource to point lurkers to.

 

[Dancing David]

Zeuzzz, is that it, just a spam and run post?

Argument by fact attrition?

 

[tusenfem]

Interstingly, the "new" papers by Peratt all show the same "old" simulations. But then Peratt was probably busy writing his book and organizing IEEE meetings. I will re-read some of the papers, before I continue here.

 

[Tim Thompson]

Skip the PC thread

My thoughts on Peratts model are here for all to see in the plasma cosmology thread.

Screw the "plasma cosmology thread". It is totally contaminated by the long discussions of Sol88's nonsense. If you have something to say about this topic, say it here, not there. Nobody will see it there, but it might get attention here, if you can keep Sol88 from ruining this thread as well.

 

[Tim Thompson]

A comment on sources.

As far as I am concerned, any paper published on this topic in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science should be ignored. They are not serious papers, for 2 reasons:

1. They are deliberately published in a venue where they are guaranteed to never be seen or read by anyone who actually does research in galaxy formation or any other field of astrophysics or cosmology.
2. They are deliberately published in a venue where they are guaranteed to receive sub standard peer review. IEEE Transactions is a journal on industrial plasma science and the peer reviewers are all experts in that field, but have zero knowledge or experience in topics relative to the astrophysics of galaxies.

The point is that Peratt does not want his papers to be considered seriously, which is why he deliberately publishes them where they will not be seen by the community of relevant astrophysicists.

Where you publish is as important as what you publish. That's a fact of life in the real world, whether anyone particularly likes it or not. Professional scientists rarely have a lot of time to explore journals outside their field, and generally hand pick the few in their field that they will pay attention to, time being highly limited. IEEE Transactions is where the plasma cosmology people publish because they know they will not have to defend their work from any criticism. This makes it look like they have lots of papers that nobody has ever refuted, and that becomes a clarion call to the fans of PC. If their papers are so bad, why has nobody ever "refuted" them? Well, the answer is that nobody has ever read them, at least nobody involved seriously in the galaxy business, and that is exactly what Peratt and others intend.

My last position at JPL before retiring was with the Evolution of Galaxies Group. Based on my experience with those astronomers & astrophysicists and their collaborators, I am quite certain that most of them do not even know that the IEEE journal exists at all (I have reviewed papers for the group from astronomy journals that were readily online in our library which they had never heard of, so IEEE is in another universe). Likewise, the European journal Astrophysics and Space Science is generally ignored by American astronomers because it has a peer review system which allows more speculative papers with a weak basis in theory or observation to be published. Papers in that journal are likely to be ignored by most of the American astronomers I know, and many of the foreign collaborators as well.

There are several journal well known to have higher quality peer review, for example ...

• The Astrophysical Journal
• The Astronomical Journal
• Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

The first 2 are American journals and the latter 2 are European. There are a number of other journals that are not as heavily read for various reasons, though they are not inferior; i.e., Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific does not publish much on theoretical topics, but covers instrumentation and data analysis, observational reports and historical perspectives.

in the Zeuzzz list, only Physical Review Letters is a journal likely to be high on the accepted list for astronomers. And one need only look at the paper (Evolution of Colliding Plasmas) to see that it is purely an industrial application paper (there is no mention of galaxies or astronomy or astrophysics or cosmology anywhere in the paper), so why would any astronomer read it anyway?

If Peratt actually intended to seriously introduce a serious plasma model for galaxy formation or morphology, he would never have published them in the venues he chose. He would have published them in a venue where the community of scientists in that field would see them and engage in a real discussion. I think that until he actually does that, then his version of plasma cosmology is nothing going nowhere, and by his own deliberate choice. Lerner has done that (i.e., Scarpa, Falomo & Lerner, 2007), and he is commonly refuted when he does (i.e., Overzier, et al., 2008). Evidently, plasma cosmologists prefer to avoid venues where they might actually be required to defend their ideas against competent colleagues or competent reviewers.

 

[tusenfem]

Well, I spend (wasted) some time reading "the later paper" by Peratt (well at least the first part), to see whether there was something new. But, as expected there was not. It's the particle beams paper from 1988 (maybe not that much "later" but anywho).

What is a total puzzle to me, is the shear size of the current "filaments" that he is using, the 35 kpc wide and 3.5 Gpc long, with a total current of 10¹⁹ Amps. Now, this current represents a current density of 3 10^-24 A/m², really a weeeee current density, representing 2 10^-5 electrons/m² s. In the simulation the plasma density is 1.79 10^-3 cm^-3 (why exactly THAT number ...???), however, this gives us the drift velocity of the electrons (don't forget the 10⁶ from cc to m3) 10^-8 m/s.

Now, according to the table the temperature of the plasma is 2 - 32 eV, so assuming Ti = Te (as there is no mention which temp is used) we find a thermal velocity of 8 - 30 10⁵ m/s. Now, I have no problem with very small drift velocities to create currents, but this cannot be taken seriously anymore.

There is a paper (again IEEE) in which I thought they (Meierovich & Peratt) were going to do something real "Equilibrium of Intergalactic Currents", where they basically add a gravitational potential to the system of particles. A bit of a schoolbook example, and they show, as could be expected, that you can describe the system (again these 35 kpc "filaments") also when you include gravity and get a formula, basically describing the Bennett pinch including gravity. The only conclusion they reach, however, is that if you include gravity and then in the end say that the gravitational potential is much smaller than the electric one, you can reduce the result to the normal Bennett pinch.

Now what is interesting at the end of the paper is that they did it "relativistically," i.e. they write the velocity as β (however, they never define β in the paper, but is it clear it is v/c). We just determined v as 10^-8 m/s, so we can plug in the numbers in the left hand side of their Eq. 12:

plasma term: [latex]0.5 e_e^2 N_e^2 \beta^2 \rightarrow 4.5 \times 10^{-65}[/latex]
grav. term: [latex]0.5 G (m_i N_i + m_e N_e)^2 \rightarrow 2.9 \times 10^{-58}[/latex]

Now, there is only one strange thing happening in the beginning, when expressing the number density n as a function of the total potential, and N as used above is actually the number of particles per unit length of the "filament" but as N² is in both terms, it does not matter.

Now, question, does anyone see something strange in the equations above?

 

[sol invictus]

Now, question, does anyone see something strange in the equations above?

Hmmm, let me guess.... the gravitational term is bigger?

 

[tusenfem]

10 bonus points for Sol Invictus!

Now, please check my math, but I am pretty sure I did it correctly.

 

[Zeuzzz]

What is a total puzzle to me, is the shear size of the current "filaments" that he is using, the 35 kpc wide and 3.5 Gpc long, with a total current of 10¹⁹ Amps.

They are arbitrarily chosen lengths chosen roughly to be the size (width) of galactic arms. And due to the geometric properties of the Bio-Savart force law they scale for all galaxy sizes, whether bigger or smaller. You could have them 2Kpc, and still get the same morphology galaxy as a result.

There is a paper (again IEEE) in which I thought they (Meierovich & Peratt) were going to do something real "Equilibrium of Intergalactic Currents", where they basically add a gravitational potential to the system of particles. A bit of a schoolbook example, and they show, as could be expected, that you can describe the system (again these 35 kpc "filaments") also when you include gravity and get a formula, basically describing the Bennett pinch including gravity. The only conclusion they reach, however, is that if you include gravity and then in the end say that the gravitational potential is much smaller than the electric one, you can reduce the result to the normal Bennett pinch.

Now what is interesting at the end of the paper is that they did it "relativistically," i.e. they write the velocity as β (however, they never define β in the paper, but is it clear it is v/c). We just determined v as 10^-8 m/s, so we can plug in the numbers in the left hand side of their Eq. 12:

plasma term: [latex]0.5 e_e^2 N_e^2 \beta^2 \rightarrow 4.5 \times 10^{-65}[/latex]
grav. term: [latex]0.5 G (m_i N_i + m_e N_e)^2 \rightarrow 2.9 \times 10^{-58}[/latex]

Now, there is only one strange thing happening in the beginning, when expressing the number density n as a function of the total potential, and N as used above is actually the number of particles per unit length of the "filament" but as N² is in both terms, it does not matter.

Now, question, does anyone see something strange in the equations above?

Could you elaborate on what the two terms above represent please, hopefully with a physical explanation.

And could you spell out where Peratt and Meierovich went wrong. Was it an honest mistake? A case of simply getting the mubers wrong? Or just ignoring some figures that weren't too kind to their model? I'm confused as to its overall relevance.

And bearing in mind that this is a publication from way back in 1992, you may want to check out the following more recent papers on this material. I presume they address your concerns (but I dont know as I dont have access to them)

Taking a look here, any one of these could be relevant: http://www.geocities.com/meierovich/Research_publications.htm

Astrophysical plasma and general relativity

Intergalactic currents

* Equilibrium of intergalactic currents. IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sci., 1992, 20, 891 (with A. L. Peratt)
* Equilibrium of High Current Channels in General Relativity. Sov. Phys. JETP, 1997, 112, No.8, p. 385. (In Russian)
* Limiting Current in General Relativity. Gravitation & Cosmology, 1997, Vol.3, No.1(9), pp. 29-37.
* High Current in General Relativity. In: Particles, Field, and Gravitation, pp. 498-517. American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, New York, 1998.
* Electromagnetic contribution to gravitational mass of a current-conducting channel. Phys. Rev. D61, 024004, (2000).

One would presume that "Equilibrium of High Current Channels in General Relativity." would elaborate further on the relativistic matter you brought up and their findings.

Happy reading (to anyone with the right priveleges)

Equilibrium of a high-current channel in the general theory of relativity Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Volume 85, Number 2 / August, 1997

The condition for equilibrium of a high-current channel taking account of both electromagnetic and gravitational interactions of the charges with an arbitrary drift-to-light velocity ratio is derived from the equations of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. The relative motion appearing between the electron and ion subsystems as a result of the current flow gives rise to an additional gravitational attraction between these subsystems. This is a relativistic effect that cannot be obtained in the Newtonian approximation.

 

[Zeuzzz]

There are several journal well known to have higher quality peer review, for example ...

• The Astrophysical Journal
• The Astronomical Journal
• Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

I agree, they are the most well respected journals. But, whats your beef with "Astrophysics and Space Science" then?, of which the last four peratt papers were published. They had a pretty good stading last time I checked. Or is the fact that they published his material enough for you to dismiss them as only publishing nonsense?

Lerner has done that (i.e., Scarpa, Falomo & Lerner, 2007), and he is commonly refuted when he does (i.e., Overzier, et al., 2008). Evidently, plasma cosmologists prefer to avoid venues where they might actually be required to defend their ideas against competent colleagues or competent reviewers.

Indeed he has. And others to. Whether the refutation is sufficient is another matter, I'm sure Lerner can back up his reasoning and has made a counter argument, and may even publish a further reply. Ahhhhh. The scientific method. Isn't it wonderful?
To quote another one Lerner, Eric J., Evidence for a Non-Expanding Universe: Surface Brightness Data From HUDF March 21, 2006 -- Volume 822, pp. 60-74, 1st Crisis in Cosmology conference. And there are a good few more in rather more respected journals (than his own )..... but they are not relevant to this thread and belong in the plasma cosmology thread. So any replies to this a little off topic material in there, please. Dont want this thread to be another hijacked off at a tangent.

 

[Reality Check]

They are arbitrarily chosen lengths chosen roughly to be the size (width) of galactic arms. And due to the geometric properties of the Bio-Savart force law they scale for all galaxy sizes, whether bigger or smaller. You could have them 2Kpc, and still get the same morphology galaxy as a result.

Only half right. According to Peratt's 1990 "3-Dimensional, Particle-In_cell Simulations of Spiral Galaxies" paper (top of the third page) the width is selected to be typical of galaxies. The length is calculated using the width/length ratio of current filaments in laboratory plasmas.

Could you elaborate on what the two terms above represent please, hopefully with a physical explanation.

You can read it yourself: Equilibrium of Intergalactic Currents, B. E. Meierovich and A. L. Peratt, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 20, p.891, 1992 (152KB)

And could you spell out where Peratt and Meierovich went wrong. Was it an honest mistake? A case of simply getting the mubers wrong? Or just ignoring some figures that weren't too kind to their model? I'm confused as to its overall relevance.

They did not really go wrong. They just derived their energy balance equation and never plugged the numbers in to realize that their equation (if correct) means that the gravitational contribution to the energy balance equation is 7 OOM greater than that of the plasma contribution.

The paper is not that relevant to the topic ("Anthony Peratt's Plasma Model of Galaxy Formation") since his model assumes that plasma interactions dominate and thus totally ignores gravity.

 

[tusenfem]

They are arbitrarily chosen lengths chosen roughly to be the size (width) of galactic arms. And due to the geometric properties of the Bio-Savart force law they scale for all galaxy sizes, whether bigger or smaller. You could have them 2Kpc, and still get the same morphology galaxy as a result.

So, just fantasy, which I guessed already

Could you elaborate on what the two terms above represent please, hopefully with a physical explanation.

They come out of a paper YOU quoted, Zeuzzz so I guess you don't even read what you post yourself. It is the Meierovich & Peratt paper on the stability of currents in the universe (or whatever the title was, check your own message please in the Plasmawoo thread).

The first term is the "normal" magnetic pinching term from the Bennett pinch
The second term it the "gravitational" pinching term from the augmented Bennet pinch from the paper by M&P.

Clearly, it shows that for the Peratt model: 1. the current carriers are not relativistic; and 2. in the non-relativistic case the gravitational component is orders of magnitude larger than the plasma term.

And could you spell out where Peratt and Meierovich went wrong. Was it an honest mistake? A case of simply getting the mubers wrong? Or just ignoring some figures that weren't too kind to their model? I'm confused as to its overall relevance.

The whole derivation is sound, as far as I could see. However, the model by Peratt about the cosmic 35kpc current channels sucks, but hey, we knew that already. Peratt seems to have the idea that the particles are relativistic (beta => 1) and yes then that term dominates, but as I have shown beta << 1. This is just stupidity from both the authors AND the referees.

And bearing in mind that this is a publication from way back in 1992, you may want to check out the following more recent papers on this material. I presume they address your concerns (but I dont know as I dont have access to them)

Taking a look here, any one of these could be relevant: http://www.geocities.com/meierovich/Research_publications.htm

I doubt that they will have a followup on this.

One would presume that "Equilibrium of High Current Channels in General Relativity." would elaborate further on the relativistic matter you brought up and their findings.

Happy reading (to anyone with the right priveleges)

Equilibrium of a high-current channel in the general theory of relativity Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Volume 85, Number 2 / August, 1997

Why don't YOU do some work, Zeuzzz? As you seem to be on the defensive side of M&P.

 

[Tim Thompson]

Where's the Beef?

But, whats your beef with "Astrophysics and Space Science" then?

I don't have a major beef with it. I merely point out that it is well known in the community that their review standards are not as strong as other publications. As a result, most astronomers & astrophysicists do not follow papers therein very closely. Certainly Peratt knows this. His choice of both Astrophysics and Space Science and the IEEE Transactions as publishing venues implies to me that he does not want his papers to be seen widely by the community of scientists working in the field relevant to the papers. Why that may be is a question for Peratt.

 

[Zeuzzz]

I doubt that they will have a followup on this.

Why do you say this? I quoted the papers that may indeed follow it up, but I cant access them.

Why don't YOU do some work, Zeuzzz?

Because I dont have access to them. And was hoping someone else would.

And I am doing work atm, just not work relevant to PC or Jref. So hold your horses.

 

[Zeuzzz]

Did I touch a nerve tusenfem to warrant your last post?

PS: Bolding and capitals comes over as inpolite and shouting. Please try to refrain from this in the future.

 

[tusenfem]

Did I touch a nerve tusenfem to warrant your last post?

PS: Bolding and capitals comes over as inpolite and shouting. Please try to refrain from this in the future.

I always bold the names of forum users. I bolded/capitalize once YOU as emphasis, as you seem to be oblivious about what you post, neither here, nor in the electric universe (for whatever reason you started that) nor in the plasmawoo thread. You have decided to just post-and-run.

The question about "what do these terms mean" was weird, because that came out of a paper which is easily available for free from ADS, or even the link that you posted yourself. So, I clearly see that you do not even read what you post.

Then the other link, I have no access at the moment to get that Meierovich paper. But from the abstract it seems that he found some "gravito-electromagnetic" extra term (which usually are very small), for the rest, the abstract does not even mention what exactly this term does, except that it is not Newtonian. I will see if my colleague can get the paper.

However, this still does not take you responsibility away from all this Zeuzzz, you seem to support the plasma universe, but you don't put any effort in it, you expect the "anti plasma universe" peeps to do all the work for you. That is not how it works.

 

[tusenfem]

For those interested, I managed to get the pdf of Meierovich Equilibrium of a high-current channel in the general theory of relativity. However, I am not sure if I can totally comprehend this paper, as I am not well versed in general relativity any more (what you don't use, you lose). However, I will take a look at it, and distribute it if necessary.