Hardfire: Physics of 9/11

This thread is a good reason why, although both are insane, the LIHOP theories are not quite as loony as the MIHOP theories...although LIHOP is loony enough. With LIHOP you can avoid running afoul of physics and scientific issues,which is where MIHOPers make such total fools of themselves.
 
Are you claiming that you have never quoted Newton's third law to explain WTC collapse behaviour in terms of dynamic (i.e. impact) events ?

And, yes, as you agree above, kinetic energy would be quite a consideration in the "2 mile drop" scenario would it not? 1/2 * mv2 at (presumably) terminal velocity from 2 miles. And yet you have consistently denied that such a falling section of WTC could utterly destroy the lower section.

I suspect, Heiwa, that you are finally beginning to understand the monumental errors you have made regarding basic physics ?

Bump for Heiwa. I'm sure he can illuminate us with a bit of science here ....
 
I recall once reading about British armored flight decks versus US unarmored flight decks. Each had its advantage and disadvantages it appeared.

For instance, the armoring of the flight deck resulted in less space on the storage deck below so US carriers could carry more aircraft. OTOH, the armoring did tend to provide more protection to the storage level below.

The US flight deck could be repaired more easily than the armored flght deck, assuming the damage did penetrate the deck. I don't know if putting a plate on the armored deck was such a good idea -- a bump of 1 or 2 inches, aside from the need to firmly attach the plate to the deck, might have bad effects on aircraft operations. In addition, the armoring of the flight deck made the flight deck part of the ship structure while the wooden flight deck was a part of the superstructure (I know they something like this was mentioned). Damage, such as warping due to fire effects, affected the whole ship structure whereas the US ships would not suffer to the same extent, given the same extent of a fire.

Of course, I only kind of read it and didn't take notes so I may have some of this wrong. So, I am just saying that armoring the flight deck may not have been all for the good (which I realize was not claimed) compared to not armoring the flight deck.

Same here... ;) I will try to dig up referencies to it.(books by czech 2WW historian) And one of british carriers had czech armor-plating on deck. :)
It appears that my source is diverging with yours.

BTW:I found linked this page for Victoroius: http://www.fleetairarmarchive.net/Ships/Victorious.html
 
Ryan:

Nice job on the video presentation (and you to Ron, If you are reading).

Looking forward to the next two shows.

TAM:)
 
Bump for Heiwa. I'm sure he can illuminate us with a bit of science here ....

OT again - as long as anything is falling from say 2 miles, anything is only affected by ... air resistance forces and the air is affected also = balance (and motion). When it then contacts something more solid - ground? - same thing happens again. Anything and the ground may be damaged or anything may bounce. I thought that should be clear by now?

Now - try to help Ryan with his model/presentation! M = k m is falling ... what happens when M contacts another m? Does M = (k+1) m ?

Evidently not!
 
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I recall once reading about British armored flight decks versus US unarmored flight decks. Each had its advantage and disadvantages it appeared.

For instance, the armoring of the flight deck resulted in less space on the storage deck below so US carriers could carry more aircraft. OTOH, the armoring did tend to provide more protection to the storage level below.

The US flight deck could be repaired more easily than the armored flght deck, assuming the damage did penetrate the deck. I don't know if putting a plate on the armored deck was such a good idea -- a bump of 1 or 2 inches, aside from the need to firmly attach the plate to the deck, might have bad effects on aircraft operations. In addition, the armoring of the flight deck made the flight deck part of the ship structure while the wooden flight deck was a part of the superstructure (I know they something like this was mentioned). Damage, such as warping due to fire effects, affected the whole ship structure whereas the US ships would not suffer to the same extent, given the same extent of a fire.

Of course, I only kind of read it and didn't take notes so I may have some of this wrong. So, I am just saying that armoring the flight deck may not have been all for the good (which I realize was not claimed) compared to not armoring the flight deck.

Actually ship structures are my speciality so I'll answer this one. Yes, overloading a steel deck may deform and damage it. Just drive a too heavily loaded trailer with rubber tyres on a deck not suited and ... the rubber tyre print will deform plastically the steel plate between stiffeners or worse.

Well, it is not the rubber that does the deformation but the pressure between rubber tyre and steel ... and the rubber tyre is actually stronger than steel ... sometimes.

Wooden sheathing on decks can be useful. 2" of teak was used in the past. Looks nice! Ensure that all joints are filled with tar/asphalt so that water cannot enter between teak and steel. Rust can funnily enough lift the wood from the deck.

Now, help Ryan get his presentation in order!
 
For broadcast or webcast media, wear solid colors. Dude.


At least it wasn't paisley.

I would add that looking down into the camera is not a good look. It looks a bit like you are being condescending. The camera should be at eye level. You should have been sitting down, relaxed and comfortable. Not standing stiffly like you were a student giving a report to the Principle.

I realise that Hardfire has a limited budget, but the audio was apalling and the lighting could have been a bit better.

This is of course only criticism of the form, not the content, which was excellent as always.

Feel free to ignore my twenty years TV Studio experience, everyone else does.
 
24 hours later, and it's already a wasteland...

Seriously, you guys. One lousy day passes, and look at my thread.

I've already reported, as promised, but frankly this was inevitable and I'm not sure this Superfund site can now be salvaged. Present already are something on the order of 50 posts ranging from off-topic to pointless bickering to naked insult. That goes for "debunkers" and Truth Movement malcontents. You should be ashamed.

Before I move on, let me just clarify a few things for those who responded.

To Heiwa -- who actually made a good effort to stay on topic and remain unabusive -- your interpretation of my model is simply not correct. In the impact of upper mass and lower mass, the quantity to use is, in fact, momentum. Not energy. This is because, again, it is an inelastic collision. In undergraduate Physics you should have learned about Focault pendulums and the like. The reason one does not use energy is because energy is difficult to track in an inelastic collision, but momentum is very easy to track. Momentum also relates directly to stress which is the dominant parameter in building destruction.

As follow-up, I should remark that this thread is not about your own models. You have numerous threads, some currently active, already commited to their discussion. Your performance is required there. Not here.

To Homeland Insurgency, your claim that I'm making a case for explosions in the Towers (at impact??) is just plain stupid. No further comment is needed.

To RedIbis, you might want to watch this part anyway. What I'm doing here is not a defense against no-planers. That's just an example. What I'm doing is walking through a process, using those claims as a foil. That's all. Now, the process I'm walking through is the one that you need a lot of help with, namely how does one create theoretical evidence.

When scientists don't have the easiest bits and pieces, this is the process we follow -- modeling and physical reasoning. Say we want to study the core of the Earth, or stars, or what have you, we don't just throw up our hands and say "darn, I'll never know." We start with what we do know, or what we can reasonably describe, and see what happens.

That's the process I walk through here. I don't have any aircraft fuel at my house. I don't have any steel columns. I don't know precisely what the plane was made of. But I don't need any of these things. These are all items that are pretty well understood, and so it's a piece of cake to come up with a representative model. As a result, even without the tiniest fragment of any of the objects under consideration, I can come up with an estimate good to +/- 20% or so. That's what I demonstrate here. I produce an estimate of impact pressure, impulse, and required speed to cause structural damage, and I verify that those predictions are correct.

This is how science is done. Obviously having actual pieces is better, but that's not the whole story. Not by a long shot. Evidence is simply anything we can observe, and reconstruction is a completely valid way to gather that evidence.

This has all been explained to you endlessly before. I only go through it here to clarify for everyone else. Further complaints to this effect are distinctly off-topic.

Regarding overall behavior, this is precisely the reason I took to a different form of medium in the first place. The Internet discussions are dead. Have been dead for years. This thread and the misbehavior in it should leave no doubt whatsoever, as if any remained, that the reason people are confused is because they want to be confused. This is why the Truth Movement hardly exists outside the Internet -- this is an environment where such attitudes are common.

I had an interesting experience taping these shows, and it is this: It feels very, very silly to discuss such ideas in real life. Actually talking, with an adult. Even though both of us knew implicitly that the Truth Movement claims were nonsense, it was actually embarrassing to treat them as though they had any speck of validity whatsoever.

This is consistent with what I've seen in real life. Were it not for the Internet, I doubt I'd know the Truth Movement now or ever existed. My brushes with it in real life are limited to two miniscule chance sightings -- a lonely flyer in San Francisco, and a few seconds of Mr. Rodriguez on C-SPAN. So why? Why does the Truth Movement exist here, and nowhere else?

My theory about this is simple: We "debunkers" have been treating the argument as an actual debate, a place to learn and to sharpen our arguments. (Well, some of us, anyway.) The Truth Movement, in contrast, treats the argument as social networking. This should have been obvious from the beginning: Think of the "Big Top" approach, where no-planers, many-planers, space-beamers, you name it all fit into one Movement. Think of all the "Fill In the Blank for 9/11 Truth" organizations. And think of the absolutely dismal output from all of them. As I reference once in a while, ref once researched the origin of 9/11 Conspiracy Theories, and found that every single idea that we encounter today emerged in mere days after the event -- before any hard data existed at all -- and only the slightest evolution has happened since.

If this theory is correct, it explains why the Truth Movement never went anywhere. Those who tried to capitalize on it, invariably failed. Their growth models were wrong. Everyone interested in their product who might stumble across it was already in the Movement, and already had a similar idea. Every time they tried to break into the real world and gather more attention, they found they'd already peaked. It wasn't a case of reaching more people or closing a deal, it was instead the case that everyone who'd ever be on board got there on their own, with no convincing. And so what started on the Internet, remains on the Internet -- a "guild" of like-minded people playing a big game, with almost no impact on the world outside. The few who have profited from this either follow traditional models of crank theory evolution, ala Icke and Griffin, or those who are full-blown entertainers with a built-in audience like Alex Jones. The rest of you, frankly, have nothing. Never have. No hypothesis, no evidence, no papers, no valid results.

The shows I taped with Ron are not aimed at you. They're aimed at people who actually want to learn. I encourage each and every one of you to become one of these people, but change starts from within.

So far I've received exactly one comment over e-mail, from the increasingly marginalized Cap'n Bob. His complaint is that it was a rigged debate -- but it's not a debate at all. I'm showing you some new tools. I'm not debating with you at all. I frankly don't care about your ideas, all I want to know is how you got them. If you arrived at them in a logical and repeatable fashion, then I'm interested, whether you're a Truther or not. But if not, if you focus on the result and not the method, then I already know you're not approaching the problem logically, and I don't care what you believe. That's your problem. It's not my job to make you believe anything.

So, with that cleared up, let's try to return to topic.

Regarding constructive criticism, yeah, I have a lot of experience with public speaking but little with broadcast. I thought about wearing a lab coat, but I didn't have any dry ice or a Jacob's ladder around... :D

Framing, well, that's how the producer wanted it. Except for standing, that was my call. I had a lot of material to get through with a lot of uncertainty in how the show would run, and we only did one take. I think faster on my feet. And as Gravy correctly pointed out, it was meant to be more lecture than discussion.

If we do more shows I'll take your suggestions and try to do better. We all learn by doing, and I learned quite a bit from the experience. I still hope you all find it useful. Two more shows to come. Thanks again for your interest, and double thanks to those of you paying attention and discussing in good faith.
 
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To Heiwa -- who actually made a good effort to stay on topic and remain unabusive -- your interpretation of my model is simply not correct. In the impact of upper mass and lower mass, the quantity to use is, in fact, momentum. Not energy. This is because, again, it is an inelastic collision. In undergraduate Physics you should have learned about Focault pendulums and the like. The reason one does not use energy is because energy is difficult to track in an inelastic collision, but momentum is very easy to track. Momentum also relates directly to stress which is the dominant parameter in building destruction.

As follow-up, I should remark that this thread is not about your own models. You have numerous threads, some currently active, already commited to their discussion. Your performance is required there. Not here.

If you treat the problem as a mechanics of solids one, one mass M contacting another m without deformation, momentum maintained or increasing due to gravity when new mass m is glued to M that remains intact, while failures (columns break - not part of m) only occur remote from the collision interface, then you get your model, which does not represent reality in my view.

So you have to treat it as an elastic/plastic collision and see what happens at every contact points in dynamic interface between elements of both parts. To suggest that part C (M) contact part A (m) and that only failures are some elements away from m or part A is unscientific NIST stuff.

You have to identify problem: Find the characteristics of the progressive collapse you intend to study and determine the approach to analyze this progressive collapse. The necessary theoretical basis should be established by a comprehensive literature review. If you do the latter, you find a lot of interesting stuff about ship collisions and progressive collapse of structures associated with it. And there the problem is to track the energy consumed when both ship structures are damaged.

Good luck!
 
The progressive collapse of ships. Wow.

Remember that Heiwa claims that progressive collapse of buildings is impossible. He won't avail himself of them, but interested parties may want to read some of the progressive collapse articles linked at my website.

Truther Claim: the term "Progressive Collapse" is a new one and describes a phenomenon rarely or never seen before 9/11.

Jim Hoffman, whom many truthers describe as one of their best researchers:
You've heard that the Twin Towers pancaked, crushing themselves completely. The experts gave us a fancy-sounding term for this: progressive collapse. If you search with the phrase "progressive collapse" you will find numerous articles, most of them written since 9/11/01 about things like assessing and retrofitting existing structures against progressive collapse. It seems that the only examples of progressive collapse of buildings cited are the Twin Towers, Building 7, and the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City.​
A few examples of reality:
"As the hon. Gentleman will know, I accepted the tribunal's recommendations in respect of gas which show that once buildings are strengthened against the possibility of progressive collapse there is no reason why gas should not be used..." –Ronan Point Flats (Report), November, 1968

"New safeguards against the progressive collapse of tall buildings..." –"New Safety Law for Buildings," The Times (London), February 6, 1970

"The engineering term 'progressive collapse' – a potential calamity in high-rise structures – carries a sad double meaning throughout the evening." –'Benefactors' by Frayn, The New York Times, December 23, 1985

'It was a progressive collapse,'' Mr. Cohen said. ''What touched it off, we don't know.'' –"Collapse Inquiry Studies Bracing for New Column," The New York Times, May 1, 1987.​
Some Progressive Collapse Studies & Recommendations
Thanks to JREF forum member cmcaulif for his contributions

Progressive Collapse Basics (R. Shankar Nair. [SIZE=-1]2004 North American Steel Construction Conference. [/SIZE]PDF)


Fire Induced Progressive Collapse. (Arup. PDF) "This paper considers issues related to fire induced progressive collapse of tall buildings in extreme events."

Fire induced progressive collapse analysis of high rise buildings


NISTIR 7396 "Best Practices for Reducing the Potential for Progressive Collapse in Buildings," February 2007

Above report based on NIST/SEI workshops. Workshop presentation materials are here.



Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl: Progressive collapse prevention in new and existing buildings (Includes use of catenary action of cables to resist collapse. 2003. pdf).

Practical Means for Energy-Based Analyses of Disproportionate Collapse Potential
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Volume 20, Issue 4, pp. 336-348 (November 2006)

Progressive Analysis Procedure for Progressive Collapse
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Volume 18, Issue 2, pp. 79-85 (May 2004)

Progressive Collapse of Structures: Annotated Bibliography and Comparison of Codes and Standards
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, Volume 20, Issue 4, pp. 418-425 (November 2006)
 
...
So far I've received exactly one comment over e-mail, from the increasingly marginalized Cap'n Bob. His complaint is that it was a rigged debate -- ...
Balsamo could lecture on math and publish it as a comedy show. 11.2G expert p4t math is still up after a year.

A lot of work; keep up the work, you will drive the delusion makers nuts.
 
Balsamo could lecture on math and publish it as a comedy show. 11.2G expert p4t math is still up after a year.

A lot of work; keep up the work, you will drive the delusion makers nuts.

Cap'n Bob's only significant objection, so far, is that he claims I'm too young to know what I'm talking about. Here's some excerpts:

Rob Balsamo said:
Keep in mind, these emails will be saved and published. I dont expect Mackey to weigh in on anything here, after all, here he has a real opponent who "subjects his analysis to critical scrutiny".

How old is he anyway? He looks 14....lol
Rob Balsamo said:
Are you of age to be "lecturing" professionals with experience/knowledge/education that exceeds more than double your life on this planet?

If I didn't know how unstable he was, I might be surprised at the above... Hope you found it amusing, anyway.
 
Some posts moved to AAH.

Keep on topic please.
Replying to this modbox in thread will be off topic  Posted By: Gaspode
 
If you treat the problem as a mechanics of solids one, one mass M contacting another m without deformation, momentum maintained or increasing due to gravity when new mass m is glued to M that remains intact, while failures (columns break - not part of m) only occur remote from the collision interface, then you get your model, which does not represent reality in my view.

So you have to treat it as an elastic/plastic collision and see what happens at every contact points in dynamic interface between elements of both parts. To suggest that part C (M) contact part A (m) and that only failures are some elements away from m or part A is unscientific NIST stuff.

You have to identify problem: Find the characteristics of the progressive collapse you intend to study and determine the approach to analyze this progressive collapse. The necessary theoretical basis should be established by a comprehensive literature review. If you do the latter, you find a lot of interesting stuff about ship collisions and progressive collapse of structures associated with it. And there the problem is to track the energy consumed when both ship structures are damaged.

Good luck!

How can one figure if the collision should be plastic or elastic. Well, one should estimate the highest/average stress during the collision and compare it to the yield (or fracture) stress.

(To be clear, plastic here could also refer to a complicated structure failing, which typically happen at its weakest points. Say, welds between beams.)

Mackey gave a neat, order-of-magnitude, estimate of the stresses due to the plane-columns collision. He assumed a fully plastic collision and found that it is not surprising that the columns failed. It is important to note that if you would assume elastic collision you will find even higher stresses, which should lead to failure. This means that the model excludes elastic collisions.

You also say something about remote failure. I am not sure what you mean by that, but I can venture a guess. Perhaps you refer to the fact that columns failed at their weak points, such as welds. What is so surprising with that?
 
How can one figure if the collision should be plastic or elastic. Well, one should estimate the highest/average stress during the collision and compare it to the yield (or fracture) stress.

(To be clear, plastic here could also refer to a complicated structure failing, which typically happen at its weakest points. Say, welds between beams.)

Mackey gave a neat, order-of-magnitude, estimate of the stresses due to the plane-columns collision. He assumed a fully plastic collision and found that it is not surprising that the columns failed. It is important to note that if you would assume elastic collision you will find even higher stresses, which should lead to failure. This means that the model excludes elastic collisions.

You also say something about remote failure. I am not sure what you mean by that, but I can venture a guess. Perhaps you refer to the fact that columns failed at their weak points, such as welds. What is so surprising with that?

Ryan suggests that the vertical collision between dropping part C with mass M = k m and velocity v with static part A with mass m and velocity 0 below is inelastic (no deformation), so that part A is stuck on part C.

Thus a new part C is formed with mass M = (k+1) m and with new, reduced vertical velocity vr which is v k/(k+1) (momentum maintained).

The kinetic energy KE of this new part C is KE = m v² k²/(2(k+1)) and Ryan assumes that this energy is applied to the columns below new part C, which buckles, so that part C can continue to drop on the next mass m, where the performance is repeated.

We do not know how much energy is required to buckle the columns below to be subtracted from KE, but if it is, say, 0.5 KE, it should further reduce the velocity of part C. This absorption of KE and reduction of velocity due to buckling of columns below takes place when part C is dropping and accelerating = velocity increses.

We can, to simplify, assume that the buckling energy is absorbed at once after collision and prior further dropping and then the velocity is reduced to root(KE (k+1)/m) .

After that velocity increases again.

If the energy required to buckle the columns exceed KE, evidently the crush down stops.

So much for Ryan.

However, Ryan forgets the columns in original upper part C that also deforms at impact and absorbs energy and may buckle and fail. He also forgets the structure of the two floors that contact each other, each with mass m, that absolutely must deform (and fail?) due to high pressures applied to them and, thus, also absorbs energy.

Or in other words, Ryan does not establish the new load pathes after contact; energy absorbed by two floors in contact and columns above is simply ignored. You can only do that if you assume, like NIST and Bazant & Co have already done, that both floors in contact and complete structure of part C above are rigid, which they are not.

In reality no floors can collide in a perfect impact. Column stub ends will damage the floors and material between the two floors should be compressed to produce rubble, etc. You can argue about what really happens, but one thing is certain. Upper part C should be subject to local failures to the same extent as complete lower part A. Ryan assumes upper part C remains intact (like NIST and Bazant & Co), which is simply wrong.

And finally, as in all collisions, friction develops between failed elements and absorbs energy (ignored by Ryan). And the destruction is soon arrested. It does not matter if it is a vertical collision subject to gravity and displaced loads adding energy or a horizontal collision subject to a constant propulsive force, as long as the two objects are of similar structure/size. Both objects are locally damaged.

We are not discussing a rigid bullet penetrating a soft wall, or something like that. Similar objects, structures, sizes are assumed.
 
So you have to treat it as an elastic/plastic collision and see what happens at every contact points in dynamic interface between elements of both parts.


That's not possible. At least from a modeling standpoint. As you are well aware, key elements were obstructed from view, let alone every contact point.
 
If the energy required to buckle the columns exceed KE, evidently the crush down stops.
You believe that this is always the case, with all structures, no matter the kinetic energy of the top portion (remember your "two miles" claim?). Since "common sense" hasn't disabused you of that notion, perhaps you should try doing the math...correctly.
 
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