I have read Jack Cohens "Evolving the alien" , which was an excuse to fantasize about imaginary scenarios, rather than ward and browlee's research. The book was a joke. Why wouldnt life be based on carbon? Its far more common than silicon.
You're really not doing well here, are you? Silicon is the third most common element on Earth, making up around 15% of its mass. Carbon is generally included as part of the "Others - 1%" group. If you're just talking about the crust then it's even worse - silicon is the second most abundant element after oxygen, with silicates making up almost 2/3, and the "Others" group, in which carbon is once again included, being even smaller.
What are the chances that the blocks will form a large tower without any dangers, like solar flares, asteroids, gamma rays, black holes, etc?
As already noted several times, this describes the situation on Earth perfectly. There have been numerous flares (I guess you mention them beacuse you haven't heard of CMEs. Try looking them up.), major impacts, nearby gamma ray bursts and so on throughout Earth's history. These events can certainly cause problems for life, for example, the late heavy bombardment would almost certainly have wiped out any life if it had emerged that early. Given how soon afterwards life did emerge, there is a fair argument to be made that this is actually very likely to have happened. So the answer to your question is, as already answered, 1. It already has happened.
Gamma rays. Well, gamma rays are just a form of radiation. They happen to be harmful to us, but that's because we evolved in an environment that happened to shield against them. A planet without such a shield may evolve life that uses those gamma rays in a way akin to photosynthesis.
To be fair, gamma ray bursts are a bit of a problem. It doesn't matter what chemistry your life is based on, gamma rays have enough energy to break down the molecular bonds. I assume Makaya is actually refering to gamma ray bursts rather than gamma rays in general, which really aren't an issue. However, the nice thing about grbs is that they're both very rare and highly directional, which means the chance of one affecting any given planet is low. Unfortunately they're not understood all that well. Some estimates place one in the Milky Way as often as every 100,000 years, while others suggest that there haven't been any since the Earth formed. Apparently NASA says it's likely one has affected Earth within the last billion years. Of course, this really doesn't help Makaya's argument.
One particularly fun thing about grbs is that they're short. While a large dose of radiation may not be especially fun, they can't possibly kill everything since at least half of life will be on the other side of the planet. Any mass extinctions would be caused not by the radiation itself, but by the atmospheric changes it would cause. Ironically enough, the claim that the Earth is safer because of its atmosphere may be exactly backwards, since a planet with much less atmosphere, or just a different makeup, could see much less affect from such an event.