Last December, five oil companies joined with human-rights groups and agreed to examine any allegations of human-rights abuses in overseas operations and to push for investigations. Exxon Mobil's European rivals BP PLC and Royal Dutch/Shell Group have lent considerable support to the global-warming principles adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997.
Exxon Mobil officials say Mr. Raymond's comments reflect the company's views and not necessarily his own. But whatever he believes personally, Mr. Raymond has been one of the most outspoken executives in the nation against regulation to curtail global warming. Speaking out against the Kyoto initiatives in a 1997 speech in China, he said that costly regulations and restrictions are a bad idea, especially when "their need has yet to be proven, their total impact undefined, and when nations are not prepared to act in concert." He also questioned the science behind global warming and said the greenhouse effect comes in part from natural sources.
Mr. Raymond has since toned down his position, saying global-warming issues need to be addressed; he called for voluntary, rather than regulatory, action, technological solutions and more research. But he also reiterated that he believes the Kyoto pact is "unworkable, unfair and ineffective."
Exxon Mobil officials now say Mr. Raymond's statements on global warming have been largely misunderstood. While the company still believes the science is fuzzy, "uncertainty is no reason for inaction," says Frank Sprow, Exxon Mobil's vice president for safety, health and the environment.