2.6 Modern (Israeli) Hebrew
Modern Israeli Hebrew (see Berman), generally called either Modern Hebrew or Israeli Hebrew, started life, in the
late 19th century, in the same way as
all forms of Hebrew since the mid-first century CE i.e. a combination of Biblical Hebrew, Mishnaic Hebrew, the influence of the native languages of the speakers and, for the written form, their literary models.
This last element was of the least importance in fashioning the language. In the case of Israeli Hebrew, “the influence of the native languages of the speakers” translated into a profound impact on Modern Hebrew (see below), of the sentence structure and semantics of Yiddish, Russian and German in that order of importance.
We can tackle our discussion of
Israeli Hebrew under three heads:
- Phonology i.e. sound system
- Semantics i.e. the range of meanings and associations of words
The relative importance of Biblical Hebrew, Mishnaic Hebrew, the influence of the native languages of the speakers differs in each of these issues.
The process of linguistic development is technically called pidginization followed by creolization (see Izre'el). Arabic went through a similar process in the
7th-8th centuries resulting in the formation of modern spoken Arabic dialects (see Pidginization and Creolization: The Case of Arabic (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, Series IV: Current Issues in Linguistic Theory) by Kees Versteegh 1985). The similarity of their Semitic backgrounds, and their pidginization-creolization developmental process accounts for the very similar lines of development of Israeli Hebrew and spoken Arabic.