Subjectivity and Science

Again, this is meaningless. If they're undefined, they're undefined. They can't be denied, because they're undefined. They can be ignored.
You seem free to do so.

I have done, in this very thread.
No, you have not. What you have done is interpret scientific inquiry under the rubric of materialism.

Insects are certainly conscious. That's no surprise; the bee, for example, has on the order of a million neurons in its tiny brain. Orders of magnitude more complex than the circuit I described.

Probably not, though I'd have to examine more closely the mechanisms by which certain plants respond to their environments. Things like venus flytraps - do they have something that corresponds to memory, and a feedback loop that would form the basis of self-awareness? I don't think so, but I could be wrong.
I'd say 'conscious'.

No, since they only do anything at all as part of a larger system.
And here we disagree.

"Consciousness" could be termed the ability of a specific existent to selectively communicate with "something-that-is-not-that-specific-existent".

I did not bring the subject up. That was you. I asked you to clarify your statement; you refused. And yet you have repeatedly raised the same meaningless claim.
The fact that you, under the worldview you have chosen to defend, deem something meaningless may not make it so.
 
I would propose identification to be the result of a need in self-conscious systems to act on thought. Thoughts arise, yet in the self-conscious individual, there may be a choice whether to act on the thought or not. To increase the desire to act upon thought, the libidinal drive may be being brought into the system (dopamine circuitry for the neuroscientist), and it could be that the resulting artifact is a heightened sense of importance attached to the thought. What was "Nick's thought" becomes "my thought." The sense of direct connection to the thought is intensified through the creation of a conceptual first person perspective, and thus the chance that the thought is acted upon is increased.
This seems to be delving into neofreudian territory again.

This whole use of the term libidinal seems to be kind of goofy. Perhaps you mean something else.

There is no need for deterministic biology as well. Conditioning, learned response, associative netwrorks.

I am not sure you know the full extent of the use of different neurotransmitters in the CNS and PNS.
People pay for it! It's called therapy.




Part of the therapeutic journey. The payoff is you feel a lot more alive and tend to spend your time doing things as opposed to thinking about doing them.



Not really related to want. If you work with emotions a lot in people you notice that after things have been expressed fully so the attachment to them decreases, the belief that these are "my feelings" decreases in intensity.
Unless of course they don't.
No. You are aware of the thoughts. But the intensity of the sensation that they are "my thoughts and I must act on them" is diminished. You experience more choice in your behaviour, often in situations where you acted autonomically.
You don't need all this psychogenic stuff to understand impulse control.
It's great. Perhaps you should try it sometime.

Nick

Only CBT, the rest is psychodrama and coaching and should be reffered to as such.
 
Ironically, science seems to develop just such a powerful authodoxy, prejudging all other philosophies as false, or demanding evidence be provided for them, even when they have not been tested in the way the test must be carried out, and the proponents have explained again and again why it is difficult - impossible - to bring anything that would satisfy the scientist as evidence.


You sure wander far and wide, which can be good. :)

However you still won't apply isotropy and reductionism to your pet beliefs. Why is that?

If it is difficult or impossible to test then you haven't really thought about it.

What can't be tested?

Hmmm. I bet that you can!


So show me and I will tell you how to test it.

:)
 
If we consider what science itself has discovered about reality, it is NOTHING LIKE MATTER as that is normally conceived. The closer we look the more it dissolves into wave-particle probability-nonsense-chaos popping in and out of existence apparently of its own volition. Some scientists are open minded enough to look at these findings and recognise a) how unlike the original assumption of materialism material actually seems, and b) how strangely reminiscent of mystical descriptions of reality it appears to be (written, even more strangely, by people who had no access to billion-dollar particle accelerators).
Whoopee, more straw.

It doesn't matter to materialism at all.

Are you amazed that the universe does not act the way we think it does on the macro scale.

It is not nonsense.

That is the way that it acts on the super micro scale.

Do you have a problem with that?

You ought to join BAC with your rant.
Materialism acts now rather as geocentrism did in its later days, constructing more and more elaborate epicycles to persuade recalcitrant matter to fit into materialism.
You seem to be stuck in the Victorian era.

Lets us make this clear.

There is no matter.

There is only energy, it behaves like waves all the time everywhere.

Is that clearer?
The really funny thing is that, just as geocentrism isn't actually wrong, but depends merely on a rather complicated attribution of the position of the witness (on Earth), and heliocentrism is not 'correct' in an absolute manner either (because all bodies are moving as a system, or, if you prefer, are orbiting around their collective centre of gravity, while the whole universe is in motion as well) ... materialism isn't wrong in an absolute sense, but also depends on maintaining a particular standpoint.
That is meaningless, don'w walk in front of a bus please.
Scientists here keep on going on about "the real world" as if its nature was obvious, and, when pressed, tell us that science isn't interested in what is, but what things do, or they say that things are what they do. Science pretends that it is primarily interested in finding out the truth about this curious thing Life the Universe and you know Everything, but when pushed, insists that it just predicts what will happen when you bang the rocks together, and isn't interested in reality.

John


Apparently neither are you, why are you not examining your beliefs?
 
But he's incorrect to assume that if science can't explain something sufficiently that some other guru can.

Wrong, which guru are you talking about? Apparently you are biased because of my name? For the Nth time. Science DOES'T EXPLAIN ANYTHING, science is a tool, the explanations belong to our particular world-view.

Now, something that might be shocking. Individuals alone VERY RARELY can make entirely new world-views. You and other materialists (yes, materialism is a world-view, a theoretical framework) naively think that if one disagree with SOME OF THE CONCLUSIONS of your theoretical framework then he/she needs to propose something completely different. That's an absurd request.

I hope this is clear, once and for all. I have never stated that materialism is "wrong", got it? What I have done is demonstrate that some of its conclusions (strictly speaking of course some of the personal conclusions of some people who embrace materialism as a kind of "final answer) are simply non sequitur. It is in this sense, and in this sense alone, that I call THOSE individuals WOOs, not the entire world-view.

On the contrary, if you have been paying attention, I have stated that it is a fairly good theroretical framework, one that explains far more observations than, say, religion.


He's using the gaps in knowledge to insert his own beliefs.

Really? Which beliefs? At least Im glad you recognize there is some gaps, others talk as if materialism assumptions were the whole and only truth. An absurd statement of course, but I guess you haven't read, at all, my first post to you, in which there is a brief resume of some of my arguments.

We can never know everything there is to know about consciousness, evolution, gravity, or anything. Not being able to recreate something is not an argument FOR any other explanation nor an argument against the explanation that best fits the observed facts.

And this is of course correct, not like naive statements like "we already know it all, nothing else can be said, or is relevant". This is why is important to clarify, if you are not able to recreate it you don't fully understand it (what it is, how it works) and so you cant claim that there is nothing more to say and that your explanation is complete. I insist, that is painfully naive.

What does BDZ believe differently than a materialist and how does it describe or help us understand consciousness better than the current model? To me, he (presumption of gender) is doing exactly what creationists are doing when they make implications about evolution, but never offer any evidence in support of an alternative. They win in their heads by knocking down scientists and pretending it supports their alternative delusion.

Suffices to state that the conclusions of some fans of materialism are naive, I do not have to give an alternative explanation about anything. How can I do the same as creationists if Im proposing no alternative theory but merely clearing things up?

If someone says that there are gaps in evolution, that some evidence is inconclusive, does he needs to have a different theory? Not necessarily, you are attempting a straw man (the "alternative delusion".

Read again my first post to you, comment it, tell me where do you disagree and ask if you have doubts, but DON'T attempt to put in my mouth something I have not said.
 
What are you proposing other than consciousness being a brain function?

I already answered this, but, somehow, you either neglected to read it or ignored it:

The brain obviously is part in the equation, but brains alone do not produce what we call consciousness.
 
Well, as presented here, it’s an experience where there’s no identification with the phenomenal self. Thus when you’re back to all your senses, your interpretation is that the experience was non-dual in nature. Sometimes this is achieved through meditation or introspection.

The problem with claims of non-duality is that people tend to draw conclusions about the physical nature of reality solely based on them (or deny the physical nature of reality based on them). This is what’s criticized from a scientific point of view. People making the original claim, in turn, criticise science because science is critical against their conclusions, or how they validated their conclusions.

Thats a good analysis. :) Yes, the experience can demolish any previous concepts one could have. It is not only that the self extinguishes, but also what was called "the world". No more objects, no more self, nothing is different. But words, of course, can't reach it. It is completely beyond anything you can think.

Now, something that might be shocking for some materialists, this "non dual experience" is nothing but viewing "the world" from a different perspective. What it is, remains, whether we see it as a being or from the no being.

For lack of better terminology, this non dual perspective would be like "becoming the noumena" instead of being a self in a world of phenomena.
 
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The World is the vessel into which all the unwanted aspects of the self are hurled, and God the vessel into which we put all the things that our existing worldview can't explain.

Thus the nature of The World and the nature of God are dictated by the individual's concept of selfhood. God and The World are the ego's stooges who constantly clear up after him. Change your version of selfhood and you change the nature of god and the world. The 3 have an inter-defining relationship.

Nick

Likewise, if I change the definition of "myself" to be "Keira Knightley", "playing with myself" takes on a whole new perspective.

But I think it would feel much the same.

Words are tools. Deliberately blunting tools, is stupid.
 
Yes, but the brain evolved to be programmed by it's environment. Yes, language does influence how people think. But I don't think a materialist denies this. What is BDZ saying and how do his beliefs differ from the ones he finds so outrageous in Pixy?

Here, thats a start. I might post more later, but this suffices if you are honestly asking why my POV is different. Pixy, and naive materialists in general, take for granted that everything is explained, nothing else is needed and that their world view is final.

I state (point three) that our theoretical frameworks are always works in progress, and so it is nothing but WOO to assume we have the whole and only truth, and that nothing else is needed.

____________________________

1) All we have are beliefs, in the sense of "knowledge open to improvements" instead of "real" knowledge (the whole and only truth, the last word, absolute knowledge, whatever you like to call it).

2) Beliefs are based on theoretical frameworks (world views, cosmo-visions, cognitive stances). You can't have a clear belief unless its based on one. Lets draw a mini picture of two theoretical frameworks (note that they are just an oversimplified models); a) materialists believe that everything in the universe is material, nothing immaterial exists. b) spiritualists believe that what animates a body is a immaterial soul, that lives independently of the organism (a material body).

3) Our theoretical frameworks are always unfinished. they are like vast nets with holes on it (we might be unaware of some). When confronted by something that can't be explained by it we first try to repair it, as it is difficult to change it (its changing ourself, in a way).

4) Beliefs can (and should) be contrasted with facts. What constitutes "a fact" depends on the theoretical frame of reference, but still it can be defined as "that what is beyond opinions" (oversimplification again, I have noted that some of the posters like to take words by the letter, like Pixy).

5) Contrasting, correlating beliefs with facts its how we get confidence in our theoretical framework (or makes us doubt it and think in changing it). And its a difficult, often slow process.


More (BTW, you can find this and more in a thread I initiated, here it is http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/showthread.php?t=102199

_________________________

a) All we have are beliefs (both skeptics or woos)

b) Still... Not every belief weights the same

c) We can differentiate among them because of their relative fidelity to facts, or by their being better correlated with facts (Newton's vs Einsteins for example) (another example would be souls as the center of personality or brains serving the same purpose)

d) Skeptics and woo are equivalent IN THE SENSE THAT we all share beliefs, NOT IN THE SENSE THAT what they believe have the same relative weight (or correctness)

e) Now the tricky part (one that was implied in my previous posts but not openly said) Some beliefs are based on world-views that explain a lot more stuff than others, their validity resides on that. Let's think on world-views as concentric circles. A small one can explain just a few of the facts around, a bigger circle catches more facts, and so on.

Currently, the wider circle we have is based on the knowledge (beliefs) that we can get using scientific methods. We can explain a lot of stuff if we assume certain world-view. To my knowledge, some forms of physicalism (not to be confused with materialism) have accommodated a great amount of facts under the same explicative rules, still, there are still lots of stuff outside its explicative power, so, the best we can do is remain skeptics and not embrace any world-view as final and definitive. There, I hope its clearer now.
 
Nick227 said:
Once you have seen what it is, for any meaningful length of time, it's bloody hard to go back to objectivity to the degree that you could believe that it's possible to formulate meaningful statements about the nature of reality. It's patently ****ing obvious, to be honest, that this can't be done, once you start to grasp the reality of non-dualism.

One strives for objectivity if one’s aspiration is to research how stuff in the real world behaves and operates in relation to other stuff. Personal world view shouldn’t be of concern in this endeavour, although it obviously affects the seeking to a variable degree anyway – that’s why we have methodologies as check marks. Seeking objectivity, although never reaching it absolutely, just happened to be the most reliable strategy. It’s possible that this can also be extended to personal experiences, like it or not. I just happen to believe that it possible that consciousness can be explained more reliably via other means than introspection, regardless of my own experiences.

It seem to me that you’re trying to find a polite way in saying I don’t have a clue what you’re trying to suggest – and that’s fine too since I sit content either way. I have actually found our exchange interesting. You saying that it’s ****ing obvious doesn’t really make much of a difference in a social context. Ultimately science is a social endeavour; things need to be explained accordingly. The record for science is pretty convincing it this respect.

Nick227 said:
Of course, if you are in some way addicted to trying to understand the world objectively, and experience a deep need to continue the research, debate, and endless argument with others then this above will inevitably be a highly confrontational statement. If this is so you may comfort yourself with the knowledge that it's "just my opinion."

Comfort is of no concern here, reliable information is however.

Nick227 said:
"That's just your opinion" (actually means - I don't like the look of this!)

Other popular "get-out clauses," escape routes, and general back doors for internet discussion groups include -
- demanding to know the precise definition of either pretty much every word, or one particularly hard-to-define word (actually means - I don't like where this is going!)
- introducing some mind-blowingly complex concept of at best only tangential relevance to the discussion at hand (actually means - I don't like the look of this!)
- or my personal favourite option "well it's all just arising anyway, who's to know?" (actually means - I don't like the look of this!)

If you have understood my point, it’s also obvious that me “not liking the look of this” is irrelevant. There’s also a slight difference in saying ‘that’s just your opinion’ and ‘that’s your opinion’: the former one insinuates denial whereas the latter one implies alternative. I also presented that alternative view.
 
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First of all, language does make sense as a private property; you are confusing shared language with language in general. I can make my own language, and as long as it has meaning to me, it's a real language.

:D You are painfully ignorant. I rest my case. You are woo in wolf clothes.
 
Bodhi Dharma Zen said:
Now, something that might be shocking for some materialists, this "non dual experience" is nothing but viewing "the world" from a different perspective. What it is, remains, whether we see it as a being or from the no being.

For lack of better terminology, this non dual perspective would be like "becoming the noumena" instead of being a self in a world of phenomena.

It’s possible to interpret this, in regards to our discussion about consciousness here in two ways: 1) that the world actually is precisely as experienced, that expansion of consciousness is real in the absolute sense (which someone had a glimpse of), and consciousness seems not to be confined to the brain alone; 2) that our brains who generate consciousness are far more complex than we though, especially in the sense that it can generate an experience where identification with the phenomenal self is missing and provides a wonderful experience of “becoming noumena”, up to the point of shattering all previous worldviews held. The first one is closely associated with a first-person interpretation whereas the latter one is associated with a third-person interpretation.

Btw. Bodhi, when you say that materialism is not to be confused with physicalism, what exactly do you think is the radical difference between them?
 
John...I'm really having a hard time with the idea of science being a belief. I much prefer Articulett's position of science being a default system that's willing to change it's outlook based on new information. I could use the word "authority" as a substitute for belief...or the word "woo" but my way of thinking wants to keep woo for the more outrageous claims.

...snip...

If we take that same wall, and alter one it's temperature, science tells me that if possible I should be able to get it cold enough ( 0K ) that all atomic motion will cease, the sub-atomic particles will collapse in on themselves, the wall's volume will become effectively zero ( unsure about it's mass ) allowing me to effectively pass through.

Would that serve as an example of science as a belief? here I am, thinking science has cut me enough slack to allow me an interpretation that I can indeed walk through walls using only scientific ideas.

It doesn't matter, Stout, if you don't see it the way I do, but since you asked again what I mean, I'll try to explain again. If we start from the primitive position of humanity looking at the world and wondering what it means, why am I here, what is that glowing ball moving overhead, the way I see it is that we have always come up with schemes, philosophies, pretty much guesses, as to the answers. When some observation doesn't fit, or someone has a better idea, the new ideas take over. This is a property of philosophy.

Now, at some point a bunch of people decided to formalise that process of theorisation, prediction, observation, interpretation, etc. into the scientific method. So the first thing to note is that science is a subset of philosophy. It is a way of investigating and also a set of deductions, conclusions, beliefs, or whatever you like to call them. And as science was formulated in that way, it took certain propositions as given, axiomatic (such as that there is nothing other than physical matter to be found, and that it will behave coherently).

Science, then, in my view, is a branch of philosophy, and other branches have different axioms. One, for example, is Creationism, which does not consider as true much of what science says, because it takes certain other basic axioms as more important, overriding all others. Thus, the ridiculous, but nevertheless internally logical refutation of evolution despite the whole of the fossil record, by coming up with reasons why the fossil record appears to show evolution - like "God put it all there to test our faith".

Now, that is the way I think of it - philosophy has different branches with different fundamental ways of thinking about the world. Science is just one such. I then recognise that while science is extremely good at discovering certain kinds of relationship between physical events, it is not true to say that it can reinvent its philosophical basis to suit new data, because it does not concern itself to study certain things that are outside its remit. This has changed to some degree (for instance, in deciding that psychology and other soft sciences could be studied(, and it may at some time extend its view to look at a wider field. However, psychology had to be studied as a physical science by looking only at behaviour at first. Eventually there have been attempts to study more subjectively and qualitatively in psychology, which is slackening the hard edges of science (or, some would say, simply making this kind of psychology more an art, or 'woo' even).

So your examples of things that science says are not quite the point, although in practice I suppose this is how the philosophy and its limits are played out. It is just difficult to find examples that might point to the difference between science as self-correcting 'authority' and science as belief system. The idea of changing paradigms (or changing theories, if PM is to be believed) gives some idea. Was the Newtonian view an authority or a belief? Is our current view any different? Now, of course, you can say that whatever stage it is at, it is still open to being reviewed, and the discovery of Relativity proves that. I am happy with scientists tentatively saying that their view is such a fluid position and will be, or may well be, revolutionised, but what happens time and time again is that the current paradigm is trusted and becomes authoritative. Furthermore, the fundamental axioms are not challenged.

Beyond this, you might like to question whether the unique form of a human being - our place in evolution, our size, our cultural norms - might influence the way we look at the world in almost invisible (to us) ways. The idea of "the laws of physics" (related to the belief that matter will behave the same in all circumstances throughout the universe) could be seen as reflecting our human nature and culture. The more we bother to look at the assumptions behind our scientific materialist view, the more, I believe, we discover, and the more anthropomorphic and fixated they appear.

I have to admit that I say this as an amateur who reads about science and not someone who spends all day deep in the mathematics of the cosmos, but I also think that the latter position can lead to tunnel vision.

Some examples: we seem to have the idea that monism is correct (the assumption being that there couldn't be two utterly distinct kinds of condition in the universe, such as matter and mind, or that somehow all such dualities or multiplicities must arise from one single kind of 'thing'). However, we are happy to talk about matter (or rather energy-matter) arising in space-time, so we already have a duality, the first appearing to warp the latter. Perhaps all the frantic work to find a unifying theory is to make energy-matter and space-time fit one mould, so to speak. Then, having reduced all complexity in the universe to one single stuff, and perhaps found one single law, science will have done its job, although it will presumably have no idea why the universe originated as it did, or what other universes might exist.

I also find it odd that dualism is considered so unacceptable philosophically as a basis for the universe. Of course, woo-paranoics will immediately conclude that I'm a dualist and saying that the universe is made up of Matter and Mind, the old Earth and Sky mythic madness, but that's their fruitcake. Interestingly, since energy-matter is considered in relation to space-time, have we progressed that far from Earth and Sky?

I don't pretend to understand QM, but hardly anyone does, I'm told. The point is that when you get the drift of how oddly things behave at that level in relation to a) human-scale normality and b) human-scale scientific normality, it helps to shake up the assumptions from where they've been hiding. No instantaneous communication, we were being told on this thread earlier, but it seems that certain particles behave that way.

Again, admitting my relative ignorance of the depths of the strange mathematical art called science, I find it quite funny that the solution of scientific materialism for the longstanding problem of gravity - how does matter attract other matter across apparent void? - is that it must be mediated by a particle. Gravity, mediated by matter. Right. Would that be a particle with no mass, perhaps? Can matter have no mass, I wonder? What is the definition of matter, for that matter?
 
But those things aren't consciousness. Consciousness is awareness and self-awareness. That's brain function.

Wrong.





(playing a la Pixy, just stating words here and there, without actually engaging in any meaningful discussion).

Wrong. That is one description of it, not the only one, and certainly only functional in determinate context. Look, I can do the same:

An elephant is a big quadruped.

There, I have defined an elephant. "Its a mammal", "behaves like this", "is used for that", "lives there"... are also good definitions.
 
And why does he (BDZ) think materialism is woo and how exactly is his philosophy different.

I have cleared up things for you, it is right there, only a few posts above this one. Materialism is not woo, its incomplete. Some individuals claim that it is complete, (actually more than this), and I state that it is wooish to think it is.

I do not claim to have a philosophy, that would be to arrogant (even for me), but yes, I do have a POV that I feel is more encompassing that naive materialism.
 
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As to the private language issue, we do not create private languages de novo. We learn a language within a language community; language really only makes sense in that sort of context, since its function is communication. While we can create a private language after the fact, that is just a curiosity; that sort of thing does not serve the function of language. Private means of notation are ususally only markers, not full languages anyway (they don't generally follow full semantic/syntactic rules the way native human languages do). I think language is best viewed as an interaction between people. Meaning derives from that shared community.

There, a much better explanation. Knowing some materialist in the forum I believe they are allergic to philosophers and philosophy in general. Maybe they are right in not wanting to look outside "scientific" writers, a little bit of Wittgenstein (to put an example) can be a disturbing experience, it shakes up things.
 
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The brain obviously is part in the equation, but brains alone do not produce what we call consciousness.

Hello Mr Zen - further to my request from today (which was to finish the following sentence: "Consciousness isn't the sum total of all brain processes because")

I would be grateful if you could also tell me the evidence you have for the above, namely "brains alone do not produce what we call consciousness."?

Thank you.
 
You seem to be stuck in the Victorian era.

Lets us make this clear.

There is no matter.

There is only energy, it behaves like waves all the time everywhere.

Is that clearer?

shhhhhhhhh!!! the inquisition might hear you!

Matter, Energy, Physical Stuff, (insert colorful term in here) its all the same.

And it is not.
 
Hello Mr Zen - further to my request from today (which was to finish the following sentence: "Consciousness isn't the sum total of all brain processes because")

I would be grateful if you could also tell me the evidence you have for the above, namely "brains alone do not produce what we call consciousness."?

Thank you.

Martu, the answer is scattered in several posts by now, in this thread.
 
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I'm not sure why he would call it 'woo' other than from the perspective that he is trying to think more globally.

Exactly. In any case, I have cleared things up, materialism as a world-view is incomplete and in that sense it can be called "final", and someone who believes it is final is simply a woo (for this believe along).

From what I can tell many people -- martillo seems to be one -- assume that anyone self-identifying as a materialist thinks they know what 'matter' is. I don't think any of us know what 'matter' is. For the most part we all seem to identify materialism with scientific enquiry and don't particularly care what ultimate reality looks like.

I agree, some materialists firmly believe they know what matter is, and not only that, but also what consciousness, gravity, dark matter and so on are. This is of course naive. FWIW, I do not identify materialism with scientific enquiry and I believe that we can't know what the "ultimate reality" would look like.

We are more concerned with the realities right in front of our faces, like how do we explain consciousness naturalistically. Science is really just pragmatism writ large. Basic ontology is beyond it and beyond us. I don't know why we keep having these same conversations.

GOOD QUESTION! Err, because some people believe otherwise ;) that they have ALL the answers, no matter if those answers are materialistic or composed by immaterial souls.

What differs in his philosophy? I should let him answer himself, but my guess is that he is looking at it from a Buddhist perspective -- from the whole system of the universe, where the individual is non-existent. I don't think there is a difference in kind, only in the perspective one takes.

Thanks, yes, something like that. I might attempt a brief resume later but suffice to say, for now, that it is not only that the individual is non existent, but also the world he/she is immerse on (a world of objects). Just a brief comment, my view doesn't contradict nor opposes anything that has been uncovered by scientific inquiry.

I think the conflict arises when some folks are interested in the nitty-gritty details of how the brain-environment interaction does it (creates consciousness) and others want to consider it from a more global perspective. You are all probably saying the same thing, but at different levels, none being more 'deep' than the others (despite anyone's protests to the contrary).

Ahh the voice o reason :)
 
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