Roads: I'd support gas taxes if the money goes only to pay for roads and bridges. It's the perfect solution. Instead gas taxes go into the general revenue fund.
Right. Which seems to suggest, does it not, that the money is needed elsewhere? It's not like the government is greedily rubbing its hands together and stashing the spoils of its plunder under the mattress. If you hadn't noticed, actually, you're running a record budget deficit at the moment - there is not enough tax money being collected to pay for the things you, and your fellow citizens, want and need.
Police: Paid for by local + state government, as it should be.
Funded by taxes.
Schools: Paid for by local + state government. Federal funding is/should be negligible.
Funded by taxes.
Army: Paid for by federal government. That's all I want the federal government to do, defend the nation's borders.
Brilliant plan. So who funds the federal court, pays the federal politicians, pays for the TSA, the federal police, the Food Standards Authority, the drugs regulator etc. etc.?
If you want America to be a country, you need a great deal of things to be organised at the federal level. I agree that direct democracy and local accountability are important (see Switzerland for an example of how this works in practice), but local autonomy is not antithetical to socialist principles. Indeed, in some respects its what socialism is about (see, again, Switzerland).
If you want roads, schools, hospitals, clean water, safe food, safe medicines, and all the rest, you need to pay for them. This is necessarily done through taxation. The balance between local and federal control of the spending is a matter for debate, but the money has to come from somewhere - your pocket.