Help me out with this one now though:
When the north tower collapsed, the top section did not crush down initially.
Several floors collapsed on the top part of the building first, and then it started crushing down.
Does this violate progressive collapse?
No. I'll explain.
The initial collapse of the building did not crush the top floor of the lower section. The top floor resisted the collapse crushing the upper section.
Thus initially, the KE of the top section did not cause failure of the upper floor of the lower section. Is the whole point of progressive collapse based on this point; that the floor below the collapsing section cannot resist the collapse?
No. It needn't be the floor below the collapsing section. What's important is that the KE of the top section
did crush a floor, and this wasn't enough to halt it, so the KE
increased before the top section fell one more floor-distance.
The floor just below the collapsing section did not halt the collapse, because
some other floor failed in its place. In order to halt the collapse, the falling section must
slow down. But this was not happening; you can see in the video that the fall is accelerating even as floors are crushed. The floor's destruction may have been postponed if other, weaker floors, gave way first, but what's important is whether the floor can
halt the collapse. This did not happen.
Would this totally change the findings of Bazant and others?
No.
Why is this totally ignored thus far? How did these papers pass peer review when they obviously ignore a huge observation (ie, the falling section did not cause the upper floor of the lower section to initially fail, it stayed intact and instead several floors from the bottom of the falling section failed. After that the rest failed.)
It is not ignored. There is a section named "Generalization of Differential Equation of Progressive Collapse" in
Bazant et al. where it is addressed.
You see, we used simplified models earlier. For example, a bowling ball crushing through styrofoam boards. That was fine for its purpose, but it's not a perfect model. Floors in the top section can, of course, be crushed too.
But two points must be emphasized:
1. This does not halt the collapse. The falling mass and its speed are still increasing.
2. The top section can only be crushed up in the beginning of the collapse. Indeed, in the beginning the situation is roughly symmetrical, and floors on either side can collapse. But as the mass of crushed debris builds up, the situation stops being symmetrical, because the crushed debris doesn't just hang there, but is also accelerated by gravity. As the collapse proceeds, the laws of physics dictate - and calculations show - that the forces exerted by the crushed debris on the floors below will exceed forces exerted by the crushed debris on the floors above, by an ever greater amount. (No, this is not a violation of Newton's third law, as I recently explained in another thread. If you have troubles wrapping your mind around it, read my posts in "Questions to Apollo20".)
So although several floors of the top section may be initially crushed, eventually the floors below will be those that fail first. This is the crush-down phase.