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Global warming

What parameters need adjusting or added to force the models to agree with the observations? Less cloud cover? Higher solar influence? Lower aerosol? Ocean current fluctuation? That is the conundrum isn't it?

Climate models are continuously parameterized to match observations after the fact, but does it make them more reliable?

That is like saying that if I made careful notes on the last 1000 responses of a mechanical Las Vegas slot machine, and carefully programmed a computer to produce those responses, that the computer would then produce a correct answer for the 1001th try.

Obviously, that is wrong. The model must accurately represent the physical realities and their interactions. The very concept of parameterizing models to match history is flawed.

Valid Exceptions: Such models may well be of use in educational environments or in looking at limited scenarios and trying to understand them.
 
OK - then let's see the exposition of your simple climate calculation rather than all your verbiage.

I don't have a climate calculation - I don't even know exactly what you mean by it.

My point remains that there is absolutely nothing simple about it, and the radiation model. {no blackbody is not a gas vs solid matter}.

I do have the simple calculation that, at equilibrium, energy in equals energy out, so the energy change is zero. If they're not equal, energy change is non-zero and there isn't an equilibrium. The energy out does depend on temperature, so eventually a new equilibrium is reached. It's that simple.

Climate isn't terribly complicated. Just by normal observation we can see that winters are cooler than summers, and climate is even further removed from day-to-day variations in weather.


On the issue of many theories that fit the data ....


Nonsense - all models that fit the data are equally 'skillful' (what a nonsense concept).

Not equally skilful at prediction. For that, models have to reflect real influences that make the data non-random.

Just because one was proposes prior to the presentation of the most recent data has no bearing on the validity of it's assumptions beyond the fact that it has not been eliminated as invalid/incorrect.

If climate is as complicated as you suggest and a model turns out to predict its behaviour, that's pretty robust support for the model's validity.

This problem is very similar to 'models' that attempt to predict fluctuations in the stock market based on various factors. Success of a short period is not supportive of the model in preference to new models which also match the same data.

The fundamental difference here is that such models, by their existence, influence the system they're modelling. If investment decisions are made based on them, the system now becomes the old system plus the model - which, of course, is not the system that was modelled.

The same can't be said of climate models. The climate doesn't change its behaviour however well (or badly) we model it.

Same here - but this issue is primarily political, not scientific, as the great vehemence on this forum and elsewhere indicate. Good choice of analogy, as cosmologists and climatologists are almost equally incapable of creating any useful experiment, so the validation of these sciences are equally weak and feeble.

Do you ever just stop and smell the roses?



Here we agree. There is a good bit of know-nothing-ism in climate change denial, but I don't see a lot of denial on this forum or the others I read.

It's not scientific ignorance that's the problem - that's always been widespread. The problem is the imputation of bias, corruption, mendacity and/or careerism to the field of science, and that you'll see a lot of. Science as "political correctness". Science as an ideology. Science as a gulag ruled by fear and ambition with the IPCC taking the role of the OGPU, and Hansen the role of Stalin. Science as something that cannot be trusted. A vile parody of what science is - the greatest and purest achievement of mankind.


The question of the cause of the admitted change is instead the primary topic. The AGW side is IMO overly dismissive of the opponents arguments, and overly confident in their weak underpinnings of their conclusions. This does not mean they are ultimately wrong.

I'm certainly dismissive of Diamond's position that AGW is a Marxist ploy. or of any position that depends on Singer, McIntyre, or the tiny crew of the Good Ship Weasel.

The other offense by some on the AGW side is the claim that 'the debate is over'. That is the most anti-science, anti-reason argument that has been made in my lifetime of a topic of fact.

The debate is clearly not over. There were two major debates in the last fortnight, one UN-sponsored and the other Bush-sponsored. The debate as to whether AGW is real does seem to be over where it matters - in politics and science. And in public perception, despite the continued hostility of much of the media and an understandable desire for it not to be true.

Actually it is quite difficult to get a good survey of the entire atmosphere and your dismisal stating it was possible to get a good single point reading in a near sea level lab in Western Europe on the late 1800s is not a valid argument that atmospheric CO2 was well known at that time.

It wasn't an argument, it was a statement. Arrhenius addressed the subject because it had been noticed that CO2 measurements were on the up.

My point was that not everyone agrees on the precise level of anthropomorphic CO2 in the atmosphere. I've read recent articles suggesting the current measurements overstate the the anthropomorphic CO2 component by ~25%. I do not necessarily agree with those articles, but there is a question as to the precise figure.

Where's the other stuff coming from? We know we're putting billions of tons of the stuff out there every year and we know that there's more CO2 in the atmosphere and oceans, year-on-year. We also know that some of it's going into sinks we haven't precisely identified because we're putiing out more CO2 than is appearing in the atmosphere and oceans - the thin fluid skin on Planet Earth. There's no call for any other input.

Yes - it is contested in the detail ...

So it might be, but you didn't include that little detail at the time. You said a human contribution is relatively uncontested. As we all know, there are those that blame underwater volcanic activity for the extras CO2 and claim humans have nothing to do with it.

... and no your comparison to heliocentrism is a ridiculous strawman.

It was an analogy, not an argument, strawman or otherwise.

Please stop obfuscating.

You're a very combative sort of chap, aren't you?


My point remains that despite niggling about the precise amount it is almost universally admitted that humans have significantly increase atmospheric CO2 levels. The CO2 increase should, due to many separate reasons, have an impact on the biosphere beyond climate, and that we should have some agreement that reducing atmospheric CO2 is a good idea, despite disagreement about the extent of climatic impact.

Whether it's a good idea or not depends on the goal. I don't doubt there are influential Russians arguing that an ice-free Arctic is a damn' good idea. In fact, there's been quite a flurry of flag-planting way up north of late, and the Canadians are seriously militarising their northern coasts for the first time. Canadian policy has also shifted from a "green" stance to a more "lets not be hasty" one over recent times.

You subscribe to a theory of government entirely different from mine.

History is my big thing, not science.

'Leaders' IMO only can lead within limits based on the extent that the 'followers' agree to follow.

Indeed. But to get the real flavour replace "followers" with "following". The Sopranos can teach a lot about history.

Having an informed public debate on CO2, ozone climate and other issues is ideally a prerequisite to a political solution.

Having an informed public would be a major first. For most people, being informed is an effort without a motive.

We are instead having an uninformed debate ...

Who do you mean by we?

... in which authorities dictate the solution ...

What authorites have dictated what solution :confused:?

... and announce that all discussion is over before the facts have been presented and discussed.

Again, authorities are doing this?


As you may recall 'argument from authority' is an invalid form of argument ...

Indeed. Who are these authorities, and who's arguing from them?

... but it is what most of the sheeple accept these days on any technical topic.

Fortunately the sheeple - or proles, as I generally refer to them - have no more than mob power, and that's usually a broken reed.

My argument goes farther. Will China idle the massive coal power infrastructure and thus destroy the economy they are rapidly creating ?

Of course not. However many Chinese go to bed cold, hungry, and up a tree because of the floods, the prosperous and influential will sigh and send in some charity, but as long as they're OK nothing's going to change.

The cold and hungry die off. A shame, but hey, they were unsustainable.
 
The model must accurately represent the physical realities and their interactions.

So they should, if they're going to be of any use.

The very concept of parameterizing models to match history is flawed.

Parameters are derived from observations of reality. Would you have it some other way? Should they just be made up, as Lindzen did to construct his Iris Theory? Now there's a model that didn't pan out.

In contrast, the Hansen et al model of 1988 performed very well. That's because it was designed to model the real system instead of, as in the Iris Theory case, invent one to provide a desired answer. That being, of course, that there'd be a strong negative feedback to AGW. So no need to worry about it. No cause for alarm.
 
No evidence, because it is an article about forward projections of models??? But this is a very uncomplicated issue of history, right?

Two references we have discussed here before on the subject (of course there are others) are these -

Climate Change and long-term fluctuations of commercial catches: The possibility of forecasting. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper #410
Polar history shows melting ice-cap may be a natural cycle

You commented -
And I never said the CO2 effect was linear, logarithmic or any function of any kind. All I have said is increased CO2 causes increased temperature.

I have never said CO2 is the main driver of climate, water vapor is a stronger greenhouse gas but the 2 gases absorb infared light at different frequencies and thus both contribute to the "greenhouse effect" independantly.
It should of course be possible to quantify the general phrase "increased CO2 causes increased temperature."

AGW Believers always want to side track any conversation that gets numerical like this. Their scripted responses from the Believers have a lot of grammer, but very little if ever - actual numbers. They seem to really want to avoid numbers.

You are asking for detailed science from interested amateurs? You won't get it. Ask a scientist for the detailed information.

There is plenty of information on it, guess where. Complete with references. http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/Report/AR4WG1_Print_Ch09.pdf chapter 9.6.


I have already linked to a simple model from realclimate on the matter, have you forgotten that? You can even download a GCM on to your PC and play with that if you want.
 
I'll admit that I cannot answer your question.
And that the annual atlantic multidecadal oscillation does show periodicity in the 60-80 year range.

But for the models, it is not an all or nothing question. Admittedly they do not do well on modeling the atlantic and pacific decadal and multidecadal ocillations.

You could read some actual science on the subject.

http://crga.atmos.uiuc.edu/publications/Causes_of_dT.pdf

According to our results, the anthropogenic effect, while present during the entire 20th century, has steadily increased in size (Fig. 2A) such that it presently is the dominant external forcing of the climate system. Nonetheless, the residual factor is at work within the climate system. What is the residual factor responsible for the observed 1904-1944 warming and subsequent 1944-1976 cooling? A possible explanation for this was given by Schlesinger and Ramankutty [1994] as being the result of a temperature oscillation over the North Atlantic Ocean and its adjacent land areas with a period of 65-70 years. Another possible explanation is a missing climate forcing [Hansen et al., 1997]. Accordingly, it is prudent not to expect
continued year-after-year warming in the near future and, in so doing, diminish concern about global warming should global cooling instead manifest itself again.

There is a cycle, and their is AGW.
 
I'll admit that I cannot answer your question.
And that the annual atlantic multidecadal oscillation does show periodicity in the 60-80 year range.

I'm comfortable with that as well, not least because a 60-80 year wet/dry cycle was identified in the Dustbowl territory way before AGW became a political issue. Not long after the Dustbowl emerged, in fact. It turned out that the region was developed during the wet phase, with the implicit assumption that climate doesn't vary. Oops.

As I say, no problem with the period, but there's no sign back there of such an amplitude as we're witnessing. If the North-West passage had been open 60-80 years ago somebody would have noticed! If only to promote the Yellow Peril, which was big in those days.

But for the models, it is not an all or nothing question. Admittedly they do not do well on modeling the atlantic and pacific decadal and multidecadal ocillations.

I can't help thinking there's gonna be a lot of catch-up modelling as (and more so after) the plot inexorably unfolds. At some point, in any particular field, there has to come a screw-it moment : just get the observations and work it out later. This is one big bad unplanned experiment going on all around us. Nobody's ever going to reproduce it, at least not on Planet Earth. The cost is prohibitive. Next time you fill your tank think "this is the merest wisp of a one-third increase in CO2-load" as you pay for it, and do a simple calculation :).
 
You could read some actual science on the subject.

You could use more diplomatic phrasing.

There is a cycle, and their is AGW.

Indeed, AGW is a new influence. Cycle me this, cycle me that, give me some evidence and I'm open to it. They can perhaps help explain something of the past. What they don't explain is the present, subject to the new influence.
 
As I say, no problem with the period, but there's no sign back there of such an amplitude as we're witnessing. If the North-West passage had been open 60-80 years ago somebody would have noticed! If only to promote the Yellow Peril, which was big in those days.

Somebody did notice, but since AGW's history of the world began in 1979, we'll never really know for sure, and now that Arctic ice minimum was Sept. 16, we'll just have to wait until next year.
http://www.athropolis.com/map9.htm#3
 
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Somebody did notice, but since AGW's history of the world began in 1979, we'll never really know for sure, and now that Arctic ice minimum was Sept. 16, we'll just have to wait until next year.
http://www.athropolis.com/map9.htm#3
[qimg]http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/imagehosting/thum_1032347044e2b737d7.jpg[/qimg]


Ah, but there's open and then there is open

http://www.athropolis.com/arctic-facts/fact-amundsen.htm

His journey took three years to complete - he and his crew had to wait while the frozen sea around them thawed enough to allow for navigation.

I dare say the trip would have been easier a month ago.
 
I was just arguing against the CO2 can't cause global warming stance.

Well, it's pretty easy to figure, say, the number of watts required to run a refridgerator....

Want to look at the heat capacity of CO2 in the atmosphere? That would be figuring how hot the CO2 fraction of the atmosphere must get to result in a certain change in ground temperature - say a 1C increase. It would seem this is relevant.
 
Ah, but there's open and then there is open

http://www.athropolis.com/arctic-facts/fact-amundsen.htm
I dare say the trip would have been easier a month ago.
Is that like being almost pregnant?

http://www.athropolis.com/arctic-facts/fact-st-roch.htm
In 1944, St. Roch returned to Vancouver by way of a more northerly Northwest Passage route - cutting the time down to just 86 days.

Both of those expeditions were done in wooden boats.

I dare say the trip would have been easier a month ago.
That's fine, so how many did in 2007? Adrian Flanagan thought he'd tame the Arctic last month in his titanium skinned boat, but it was not to be. Reading news flashes one might assume the NWP is "open to navigation", as if to infer it's akin to the Mississippi River. It's far from "open to navigation"; is actually quite treacherous.

It's not unlike reports stating the Arctic having the "lowest ice in recorded history", meaning since 1979, but most don't clarify that.

This Spring a group of scientists with the intent of drawing attention to 'global warming' by swimming in melted areas of the North Pole, called off their expedition due to it being colder than expected.
 
Well, it's pretty easy to figure, say, the number of watts required to run a refridgerator....

Want to look at the heat capacity of CO2 in the atmosphere? That would be figuring how hot the CO2 fraction of the atmosphere must get to result in a certain change in ground temperature - say a 1C increase. It would seem this is relevant.

Okay, I did that, now explain how the following 2 tables helps your cause.

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/carbon-dioxide-d_974.html

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-vapor-d_979.html

See the heat capacity of CO2 is less than that of water, which means that when a mole of water vapor and a mole of CO2 each absorb an infared photon per molecule, the amount of temperature increase for the CO2 atoms is greater than for the water atoms.
 
This Spring a group of scientists with the intent of drawing attention to 'global warming' by swimming in melted areas of the North Pole, called off their expedition due to it being colder than expected.

cept one person did

http://www.globerambler.com/man-swims-at-north-pole-the-record-is-both-triumph-and-drama

I don't think either side can make their case here. Like you said recorded history only goes to 1979, and that is not long enough to make a case for 60-80 year ice extent cycles.

But like I said before, last time I was there under the ice, there were no polynyas big enough to swim in let alone surface a submarine. But then again we didn't cover the whole ice cap either.
 
Well, it's pretty easy to figure, say, the number of watts required to run a refridgerator....

Want to look at the heat capacity of CO2 in the atmosphere? That would be figuring how hot the CO2 fraction of the atmosphere must get to result in a certain change in ground temperature - say a 1C increase. It would seem this is relevant.

The CO2 in the atmosphere is well-mixed with the other gases, so it's in thermal equilibrium with them. Which is to say, when a molecule of CO2 gains kinetic energy it quickly shares it with the other molecules it collides with. (That's from basic thermodynamics.)
 
In 1944, St. Roch returned to Vancouver by way of a more northerly Northwest Passage route - cutting the time down to just 86 days.

Still nearly three months, which is a long time for such a short journey by a powered vessel through an open passage, don't you think?

Both of those expeditions were done in wooden boats.

Amundsen was famously intrepid. There's rumour of portages being involved, but that may just be malicious. Polar exploration was fiercely competitve back in the day.


That's fine, so how many did in 2007? Adrian Flanagan thought he'd tame the Arctic last month in his titanium skinned boat, but it was not to be. Reading news flashes one might assume the NWP is "open to navigation", as if to infer it's akin to the Mississippi River. It's far from "open to navigation"; is actually quite treacherous

From satellite observation it was open all the way through at one time this last summer. Had that happened 60-80 years ago it would have been noticed, even without satellites. The ice moves around a lot up there, so one part of the passage can be clear while the rest isn't. Having it clear all the way through is significant.

It's not unlike reports stating the Arctic having the "lowest ice in recorded history", meaning since 1979, but most don't clarify that.

Records pertaining to Arctic ice go back much further than that. From those RCMP bases serviced by the St Roch, for instance. Then there have been expeditions to the North Pole since the late 19thCE, made in summer for obvious reasons. Logs from whaling ships. Observations from Spitzbergen, Bear Island and other such places. The first trip to the White Sea from Britain was by Challenger's in the mid-16thCE, also in the summer. Three ships - wooden and sail-powered, obviously - set out in summer, one (as I recall) returned in the next summer. More such trips followed, including, of course, the Arctic Convoys of WW2 (which, you'll recall, occurred 60-80 years ago).

And of course there were those second-strike submarines skulking out there in the MAD old days.

Arctic sea-ice extent before 1979 is not a complete mystery.

This Spring a group of scientists with the intent of drawing attention to 'global warming' by swimming in melted areas of the North Pole, called off their expedition due to it being colder than expected.

Wimps. How Amundsen would have mocked them.

Lewis Pugh, I suspect, is a Welshman and so by definition intrepid.
 
hey, if I took offense at that, I'd be rather thin skinned, but I liked the interested amateur comment better.

I'm constantly amazed at the offenses taken and ongoing bloodfeuds around here between people who are essentially in agreement.

I would surmise that, having passed the psychometric tests to get under-ice submarine duty, you're not quick to anger over trifles :).

(Excuse the "skulking" thing, but there it is, I'm from a sea-faring family on my father's side and there are relatives I never met because of submariners. Some attitudes are learnt very early on and just don't go away. I don't let them govern me.)

I was just arguing against the CO2 can't cause global warming stance.



And I was trying to get here, but ran out of time.

The trajectory was clear :).

One thing about the "there's a cycle so there isn't anything else" position is that cycles do turn around, and they're chosen because they're peaking around now, since "now" is what needs explaining away. If the 60-80 year cycle is associated with the Dustbowl era it certainly should be turning around soon. Say, in the next three-to-eight years.

Singer's 1500-year plus or minus 500 cycle (does something so imprecise really count as cyclical? I'm not convinced) should also be peaking around now, although it could be gripped onto for another few centuries, perhaps as late as 2700 at a stretch. It'll become increasingly difficult to argue that there was a Medieval Warm Period equally as warm but I imagine some hold-outs will try.

After three-to-eight years, though, we'll hear no more of the 60-80 year cycle (except in mockery). Mark my words :cool:.
 

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