Thanks for nominating my post, volatile. Certainly took a bit of time to write.
Also apologies for using 'ether' instead of 'aether'. I clearly meant the latter, and I will now have to punish myself severely.
*Sound of whips*
Ah, that's bet...horrible. Horrible, horrible agony. Now, where were we?
BillyJoe,
I'm honestly a bit sick of explaining this to you, as I was hoping that my last post would help you understand. Evidently not. But I would like to state a few things again for your benefit, in the hopes that maybe, just
maybe, you will realise that you are wrong and change your mind. I had hoped to stay away from formal logic in all this, but it's all I can think of to get my point across.
To begin with, all this business with negative and positive claims. You keep claiming that, "There is no god," is a
positive claim. Let's look at that for a second.
It might help to formalise this, so you can understand just
what it is that you are looking for when you try to 'prove' anything. For both statements, we will be using a very simple dictionary: Gx - x is a god.
First, the statement, "There is a god."
(∃x)Gx
Translated, this reads, "There exists an 'x' such that 'x' is a god." In order for this statement to be
true, one needs to find only one example of something that
is a god. In order for this statement to be
false one would need to examine
every single object in the domain and ascertain that it is NOT a god. As the assumed domain in this case is 'everything', that is a helluva lot to look at.
Proving this statement to be false is therefore
impossible, whereas proving this statement to be true is (in theory) simple.
Now lets look at the next statement, "There is no god."
~(∃x)Gx
Translated this reads, "It is not the case that there exists an 'x' such that 'x' is a god." For this statement to be true, one would have to examine every object in the domain to ascertain that it is not a god. For this statement to be false, however, one simply needs to find a single example of an object in the domain that
is a god.
Proving this statement to be true is therefore impossible. However, proving this statement false is, again, simple.
Do you see where I am going with this yet?
Science operates on the principle of falsifiability. It has long been recognised that if one cannot falsify a statement then it is foolish to assume the truth of the statement: It is no more than blind faith to believe a claim which no one can prove to be incorrect, and it can in no way advance our understanding. Indeed, if a claim cannot be falsified then it is no more than a dogma.
Now, this does
not mean that for all falsifiable statements, the negation of the statement is an
unfalsifiable claim. For example, if I were to claim, "The Earth is flat," we would be able to falsify that statement simply by measuring the Earth and finding it to have any other shape than 'flat' (e.g. oblate spheroid). However, the negation of my original claim (i.e. "The Earth is
not flat.") can
also be falsified. This would be done by measuring the earth and finding that it IS in fact flat.
However, when talking about the
existence of a particular object, the negation of a falsifiable statement WILL be an unfalsifiable statement. That is to say, a statement of the form, "There is an 'x'," will always be unfalsifiable and a statement of the form, "There is not an 'x'," will always be falsifiable. In science, the 'default belief setting' is always one of non-existence, and the reason is simple: If one's 'default belief setting' is one of non-existence, then one can always be proved
wrong, because the statement is falsifiable. Scientists like to be proved wrong! They learn something new about the world from the experience of being proved wrong, whereas a finding that simply confirms their original held belief is boring - after all, they already
knew that! If things were different and the 'default belief setting' was one of existence, there would be no scientific or technological progress, because the statement is unfalsifiable: No one can ever prove it wrong!
So, let's look at some examples. First off, humans. Do they exist? If I am going to determine that humans exist I will need to falsify the statement, "There are no humans." It just so happens that
I am a human, and therefore provide a counter-example to my own statement! I conclude from this that humans exist.
With that existential crisis out of the way, let us move to a different topic - say, perpetual motion machines? I wish to prove the existence of perpetual motion machines, so I must falsify the negation of that statement - that is, "Perpetual motion machines do not exist." To falsify this statement, I must find an example of a perpetual motion machine. However, there is no such example! Moreover, the laws of thermodynamics (well established physical laws) say that such a machine cannot exist. From this I conclude that perpetual motion machines do NOT exist.
It is important to note that when there is no evidence for the existence of an object, the position that is assumed is simply the default position of non-existence. This means (and this is important) that it is
still possible to falsify the claim of non-existence should future evidence for existence warrant it. If in the future (and I am not holding my breath about this) someone really were to build a perpetual motion machine, it would falsify the statement, "There are no perpetual motion machines," which in turn would alert us to the fact that there is something very wrong with the laws of thermodynamics. At this point, I would like to note that so far whenever someone has tried to do battle with the laws of thermodynamics, the laws of thermodynamics have always won. I do really not see this changing at any point in the future, but I would be perfectly happy should somebody prove me wrong.
And so we move onto the claim, "There is a god." In order to prove this statement true, one must falsify the negation of the claim: That is, one must falsify the claim, "There is no god." To falsify the claim, "There is no god," one must provide evidence that there IS a god. It used to seem as though there was plenty of evidence for a god or gods - thunder gods, rain gods, etc. - however all the things that used to be explained by god have been shown to have perfectly natural (though not always simple) scientific explanations. Currently, there is no evidence for the existence of god. As such, I believe that there is no god. And if somebody asks me my opinion, I will say, "There is no god."
It really is that simple. "There is no god." For exactly the same reason as I can happily and easily say, "There are no perpetual motion machines," I can say, "There is no god."
This is not a 'roundabout' way of saying things. It is not double-talk or newspeak. It is quite simply a statement of a lack of belief, based upon a lack of evidence, and it is a conversational convention that
everybody uses - and if you don't believe that everybody uses it, feel free to prove me wrong. My statement is falsifiable if you are able to provide a
single example of a person who refuses to express a lack of belief in anything.
So, did that help you understand at all? If it did, fantastic. If it didn't, good hunting. I'll be here waiting for a counter-example.