NASA to Cut Back Scientific Missions

Notrump

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Pasted below is the first paragraph of an article that appeared in Wedndesday's New York Times. For the full article click the link that appears underneath.
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NASA to Cut Back Scientific Missions Because of Budget

By DENNIS OVERBYE
Published: March 1, 2006

Some of the most notable missions on NASA's scientific agenda would be postponed indefinitely or canceled under the agency's new budget, despite its administrator's vow to Congress six months ago that not "one thin dime" would be taken from space science to pay for President Bush's plan to send astronauts to the Moon and Mars.

http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/s...50999ed6a614&ei=5089&partner=rssyahoo&emc=rss
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Next, pasted below is the lead sentence to Reuters article on Thursday's Congressional testimony by astronomers regarding NASA's budgets cuts for scientific missions. Underneath is a link to the entire article.
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Bush budget imperils NASA's missions

By Deborah Zabarenko
Thu Mar 2, 3:12 PM ET

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The Bush administration's focus on big, expensive space missions is starving budgets for some of NASA's most productive small-scale science programs, astronomers told the U.S. Congress on Thursday.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20060302...g30m1n9rK3AC4PkhANEA;_ylu=X3oDMTA5aHJvMDdwBHN lYwN5bmNhdA--
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Finally, here is the letter that I sent to the three members of Congress who represent me.
__________________________________

Dear Mr. Durbin/Obama/Kirk,

I’m appalled that many of NASA’s planned scientific missions are being scrapped to pay for the administration’s ambitions to once again put men on the Moon and later on Mars.

Sending men to the Moon (been there, done that) and Mars are monstrously expensive stunts. That’s all. Astronauts may have been necessary to explore the Moon over thirty years ago. Since then, clever American engineers have figured out how to explore the depths of the ocean and the bodies of the solar system with robotic devices. These tools are relatively inexpensive and can extend our senses far more safely, quickly and effectively than with the outmoded use of astronauts. Someday humans may colonize other planets. But that is in the far distant future. Today we can best pave the way into space for our descendents by exploiting our currently most effective means: marvelous American built machines.

It would be greatly appreciated if government officials (including the president and members of Congress) would do a better job explaining to the public that 21st century technology has made astronauts obsolete. Instead, we get demagoguery from the president appealing to early 20th century romantic notions of fighter pilots morphing into Buck Rogers type space explorers. Let’s get realistic. If we’re going to spend tax dollars on space exploration, let’s do it with the awesome inventions produced by American ingenuity and not with daredevils performing pointless stunts.

My cousin, John Andelin, was the head of the science division of the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. His agency was abolished as a “cost cutting measure”. In reality, I suspect it cut too much pork. John told me 20 years ago that manned spaceflight is tremendously more expensive than that done with machines, mainly because of the cost of redundancy (or perfection as he called it) for maximum safety. That’s not to mention the huge cost of life support systems. In testimony before Congressional committees, he stated that the International Space Station was feasible, but would he horribly inefficient and costly compared with mechanical alternatives. He has been proven right. Perhaps his agency should be reestablished so that it can provide wise counsel to Congress regarding the optimum methods for the future exploration of the solar system.

I welcome the use of my tax dollars for the scientific exploration of outer space with the use of robotic devices. I would hope that you will not join in a conspiracy to allocate a massive amount of federal funds for unproductive stunts by space cowboys.

Sincerely,
Curt Renz
 
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Man, that really sucks.

I liked your letter, though one point, I'd watch the use of the bolded word below. It's a little offputting.

I would hope that you will not join in a conspiracy to allocate a massive amount of federal funds for unproductive stunts by space cowboys.
 
This is entirely true, although it's been going on for about two years.

For the record, I work at a NASA center, and everything written here -- everything, in fact, I write unless explicitly stated otherwise -- does not reflect an official statement, opinion, or policy of NASA or any portion thereof.

Anyway, NASA is reprioritizing and it affects me as some new and unwelcome twist virtually every day. I am glad to see there are people out there who still care enough about the agency to do something about it.

I'm not allowed to post links yet, but a good daily resource to check is www dot nasawatch dot com, run by a fellow who is highly critical of NASA. He has his own biases on what NASA should be doing, of course, but it is a good window into the chaos that has enveloped the agency.

I don't know how to fix everything, either. From my standpoint, attacking Project Constellation, viz. our new Exploration work, is a little unfair. The NASA budget is very heavily weighted toward the Shuttle and Space Station, and has been for decades. Even though our rate of Shuttle flights has ground to nearly zero, the cost is virtually the same since all of the folks associated with it are still in place. By comparison, Constellation is relatively small, and believe it or not, underfunded. It also hasn't organized nearly as fast as I would have hoped, so perhaps underfunding at this stage is prudent, but that's another argument entirely.

Another thing we've seen lately is Congress getting too involved in the NASA budget. Congress does not give NASA $16G per year and give us license to choose priorities at will. The number of earmarks on the budget is increasing rapidly, and the interview sessions for NASA Administrator Griffin a couple of years ago reveal the complexity of Congressional requirements. Big surprise -- NASA is largely a jobs programme at this point.

To the OP, writing to your Congressman is an excellent thing to do, because that kind of feedback helps demonstrate that the electorate still feels space is a worthy national priority. It may not help for Congress to get more involved; I'd argue they're too involved already... what is needed is some reform, and enough courage and business insight to phase out aging and expensive projects that no longer return much for the effort. I'd like to see NASA put together a real game plan and prove it's worthy of more funding, like, oh, say, taking over the absurd Missile Defense budget.

What worries me the most is not that NASA is sharply diminishing its science, but that it is also bailing out of technology development. Even though it isn't my focus or that of my Center, even though it has already been done, I still see value in the Vision for Space Exploration if it spurs new technology. Unfortunately, this is not happening. Technology research at NASA is getting hammered even worse than space science. I can reference this if you need me to, just drop me a PM.

Sad to say, but NASA is an agency in extreme trouble. It has been for years, but it is only showing signs of getting worse.
 
Responses from 2 US Senators

This is entirely true, although it's been going on for about two years.

Thank you for your special perspective from inside NASA. Although I have not yet gotten a response from Rep. Kirk, I have heard from my two US Senators. Their replies are pasted below. In the case of Obama, he is answering two of my letters including an earlier one related to censorship at NASA. Sen. Durbin had already expressed his concern for the censorship issue through two phone calls to me from his assistant.

__________________________________________________________________

Dear Mr. Renz:

Thank you for contacting me about President Bush's proposal to
establish
an extended human presence on the Moon and eventually send a manned
mission to Mars.

Under President Bush's plan, the Space Shuttle would be retired after
construction of the International Space Station (ISS) is completed in
2010. The Shuttle would be replaced with a Crew Exploration Vehicle
whose
primary purpose would be to take astronauts to the Moon sometime
between
2015 and 2020. Eventually, astronauts would go to Mars and "worlds
beyond."

This proposal is ambitious and far-reaching, and merits careful
consideration before being adopted and initiated. Many questions about
its feasibility and budgetary impact must be answered before we as a
nation decide to undertake this effort. Among the issues is the
possibility of using less expensive, robotic devices and satellites to
accomplish many of the proposed tasks.

During my Congressional service, I have supported a variety of space
programs that can increase our knowledge and ultimately lead to
practical
scientific and technological advancements that benefit our country. At
the same time, our nation must meet the demands of the war on
terrorism,
homeland security, rebuilding in the wake of Hurricanes Rita and
Katrina,
and our extended presence in Iraq at a time when we are already facing
sizable budget deficits. Cost estimates for the President's space
exploration proposal vary considerably, and I am acutely aware of the
possibility that funding for such an ambitious program could divert
limited federal resources from other critical needs.

I will be sure to keep your views in mind as Congress considers
President
Bush's new goals for the U.S. space program. Thank you again for
taking
the time to contact me. Please feel free to stay in touch.

Sincerely,
Richard J. Durbin
United States Senator

RJD/dw

P.S. If you are ever visiting Washington, please feel free to join
Senator
Obama and me at our weekly constituent coffee. When the Senate is in
session, we provide coffee and donuts every Thursday at 8:30 a.m. as we
hear what is on the minds of Illinoisans and respond to your questions.
We would welcome your participation. Please call my D.C. office for
more
details.
______________________________________________________________________ _________

Dear Curt:

Thank you for contacting me with your concerns about political appointments at NASA and their influence on the focus of the Administration. I appreciate the benefit of your comments on this matter.

I share your view of the importance of maintaining America's leadership in science and technology. I am committed to working with my colleagues in the Senate to find the most effective way to support our scientists and engineers, while also investing in our youth to meet the growing worldwide demand for educated individuals in the math and sciences. American companies and technological leadership has been spurred by important NASA research. I appreciate your suggestion that NASA should focus on unmanned scientific missions, and I will share your comments with my colleagues on the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, which has jurisdiction over NASA.

Also, government officials should be expected to have expertise in their respective fields of employment, and that they should be held to high standards when they are in such important positions. Furthermore, the American people have a right to expect that policy decisions will be based on substantiated evidence, not conjecture or politically skewed research. There is no question that American politicians must make a better effort to keep politics out of policy, especially in times like these. I will look further into the allegations about Mr. Deutsch's behavior.

Again, Curt, thank you for contacting me with your concerns. Please stay in touch.

Sincerely,

Barack Obama
United States Senator
 
Former NASA PAO, George Deutsch

To what does this comment from Senator Obama's letter refer?

George Deutsch, 24, was a politically appointed Public Affairs Officer at NASA. On January 29 the New York Times reported that NASA’s Director of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Climatologist Dr. James Hansen, 63, told them that Deutsch was censoring warnings he was trying to get out to the public regarding global warming which conflict with the White House position on the issue. Deutsch also required that NASA scientists not release statements contrary to the concept of Intelligent Design.

The furor prompted the NASA administrator, Dr. Michael Griffin, to issue directives for more openness between NASA scientists and the public that pays their salaries. The situation may not have gained wider public attention because Deutsch resigned on February 7 following the revelation that he falsified his resume by claiming he had graduated from Texas A&M University. According to his resume, his only qualification for the job was having worked in the “war room” of the Bush reelection campaign. When I wrote my Congressmen regarding the matter, Deutsch had not yet resigned.
 
Okay, I'll try to jumpstart this conversation with inflammatory remarks:

The human exploration of space should be one of NASA's top priorities. In fact, I'll suggest that robotic exploration is rather pointless without it. What good is learning about a universe you can't get out into? The Mars rovers have yielded a treasure trove of science, but I'm still left with the impression that we're getting 'educational postcards.' I'm enthralled with the potential of New Horizons, but a small part of me feels that it's going to return pictures/data of 'just another rock.' Also, is the feeling that 'one good geologist with a pick in hand is worth an army of robots' an accurate one?

Now, to be a little more reasonable, the devil is in the details. Is the current path really a sustainable roadway to space? Should science necessarily suffer for human spaceflight? Could money be diverted from other government priorities to fund both exploration and science? Are there other models, such as private for spaceflight and academic for science?

BTW, am I the only person in the world who conceived, when first listening to Bush's speech in 2004 that his could be a plan to KILL human spaceflight, not enhance it? Lest I be accused of CT, it could be an inadvertent and not a direct consequence. With a firm commitment to kill one program, and only a fuzzy commitment to ensuring the success of another, I'm not totally convinced I'm wrong. If the science just happened to die alongside it...

:(
 
Picture Postcards

...but I'm still left with the impression that we're getting 'educational postcards.'

Thanks for your contribution. All viewpoints are welcome; yours is hardly inflammatory. :)

Unless you plan to personally take a space voyage, all you will ever get is “postcards” from whoever/whatever takes the pictures. As I stated in the above letter to my Congressmen: Someday humans may colonize other planets. But that is in the far distant future. Today we can best pave the way into space for our descendants by exploiting our currently most effective means: marvelous American built machines. ;)
 
Personally, I don't see a problem. Yes, ideally I'd want to do both, have a strong basic science and exploration program, and a strong manned flight program as well. But if I had to choose, I'd have to go with the effort on manned flight. And especially on manned colonies.

The only reason for this choice is that I prioritize the continued existence of humans above basic scientific knowledge, and this priority is based on what I consider the high risk to humanity's survival currently. The faster we get viable colonies not on Earth, the better. Our rate of acquiring new astronomical and physical data and theories might be slowed in this period, but our long run prospects are so much better.
 
Personally, I don't see a problem. Yes, ideally I'd want to do both, have a strong basic science and exploration program, and a strong manned flight program as well. But if I had to choose, I'd have to go with the effort on manned flight. And especially on manned colonies.

The only reason for this choice is that I prioritize the continued existence of humans above basic scientific knowledge, and this priority is based on what I consider the high risk to humanity's survival currently. The faster we get viable colonies not on Earth, the better. Our rate of acquiring new astronomical and physical data and theories might be slowed in this period, but our long run prospects are so much better.

I agree with this... it's time we took our collective eggs out of just one basket as a race... truly give ourselves the ability to survive the disasters that are all too possible in our time.
 
Thanks for your contribution. All viewpoints are welcome; yours is hardly inflammatory. :)

Oh! Then I wasn't being blunt enough! :D

If I read the OP correctly, you are saying that human spaceflight is for some undetermined time in the future, whereas robots are the now.

The inflammatory part is: why must it be this way? Let them science-y types take the back seat for a little while. :)

This would be especially true, if NASA (and everyone else) was moving forcefully toward a sustainable spaceflight infrastructure. I'm not sure that that's what's happening.

I'm worried that science will get crushed, while receiving no net human spaceflight advantage, certainly not a permanent human spaceflight infrastructure. That's what I had hoped the shuttle/ISS would have been... and look what's happened. :mad:

Unless you plan to personally take a space voyage, all you will ever get is “postcards” from whoever/whatever takes the pictures.

No guarantee that I won't, unless I hang around waiting for whichever path NASA takes. I've been involved in a couple of interesting student projects. That, coupled with private ventures such as Scaled Composites and Space Adventures make me... a little less morose about the whole thing than I could be. None of these projects are enough to put me on Mars tomorrow, but I've still got a long career ahead of me...

currently most effective means: marvelous American built machines.[/I] ;)

That's a lot of faith you have in American machines... ;)

Let's just say, marvelous machines!
 
I agree with this... it's time we took our collective eggs out of just one basket as a race... truly give ourselves the ability to survive the disasters that are all too possible in our time.

Me too ... wondering, though -- just how long will it be for humans as a race to find a place to live without any help from mother Earth?
 
Okay, I'll try to jumpstart this conversation with inflammatory remarks:

The human exploration of space should be one of NASA's top priorities. In fact, I'll suggest that robotic exploration is rather pointless without it. What good is learning about a universe you can't get out into? The Mars rovers have yielded a treasure trove of science, but I'm still left with the impression that we're getting 'educational postcards.' I'm enthralled with the potential of New Horizons, but a small part of me feels that it's going to return pictures/data of 'just another rock.' Also, is the feeling that 'one good geologist with a pick in hand is worth an army of robots' an accurate one?
Nothing wrong with a little devil's advocate...

Declaration of bias: My center focuses on robotic exploration (you should be able to guess which one), and I work on artificial intelligence. As above, my opinions, I do not represent NASA nor any portion thereof.

Having said that, I would dispute your feeling that the lone geologist is better than a pack of robots. Just look at the dollars. People are extremely expensive things to launch and keep alive in space, particularly as computing power gets cheaper and cheaper every year.

Let's take the Moon for an example. We've landed a dozen people on the Moon, and we've launched a score of probes around and onto its surface. What did we learn from Apollo that we didn't learn from the robots? Keep in mind that Apollo happened in an era when nothing approaching the sophistication of the Mars rovers was possible.

Speaking of the rovers, now consider Mars. What have we learned through Viking, Mars Global Surveyor, and the Mars Exploration Rovers, to name a few? What could astronauts learn that these craft did not, and how?

Now note that the cost of Apollo alone vastly eclipses the entire robotic programme, at Moon, Mars, and in fact everywhere else -- combined. And a crewed mission to Mars has not been costed, but will be (ahem) astronomical. Hundreds of billions. By comparison, both current Mars rovers clocked in at under one billion, including launch vehicle and operations.

As computers get better, software gets better, instruments and simulation and immersive control improves, I doubt that there will be many things an astronaut could achieve anywhere that robots could not, if not today then within a few decades. That's my opinion.

Having said that, there is, naturally, a value to human exploration. But human exploration is its own reward. The primary benefit that I see to launching people into space is that we learn how to launch people into space. I do not contest that we will want to do this in the future, and making human spaceflight routine is a worthy goal. Whether or not we need this before or after we've totally re-engineered ourselves at the genetic level is a different discussion...

I would agree that one of NASA's core businesses should be the long-term preservation of the human race, either from extraterrestrial threats (asteroids and such, I mean) or from our own problems (sensing and understanding global climate change, etc.). But launching people into space for long-term survival is simply not tenable yet -- we do not have the technology. The other option is to better understand and take care of the 8,000-mile diameter space colony we currently live on, namely the Earth. This is one of the things that gets hurt when the science mission of NASA is curtailed.

One key value to human exploration is that it does get people's attention in ways that robots don't. I imagine many more children want to be astronauts than want to be engineers. (Pity.) Suits me, I think both are worthwhile. The problem is that, as things stand now, we aren't likely to get either one. NASA needs a lot of help.
 
Me too ... wondering, though -- just how long will it be for humans as a race to find a place to live without any help from mother Earth?

At first, they'll have to make their own places to live in space or in domed colonies on convenient rocky worlds. Eventually, terraforming or extrasolar colonization of earth-like worlds, whichever is feasible first. (assuming there are any earth-like worlds).
 
I imagine many more children want to be astronauts than want to be engineers. (Pity.) Suits me, I think both are worthwhile.

Why not be both? :D

These days, it may be better to be an engineer. With NASA's current direction, the cadre of Canadian astronauts will not likely grow by leaps and bounds. We're still in something like the early days of the American program, where each astronaut is a public celebrity, and is chosen as much for PR skills, as for any other credential (we don't need test pilots).

Frankly, I love robots. Last year, my team "won" the Spaceward elevator robot contest. I say "won," because nobody actually qualified for the prize, but the guys turned out a performance that was closer to the rules than any other team. So I'm a big proponent of robots for research... but the ultimate goal there is a system for human transport.

The problem is that, as things stand now, we aren't likely to get either one. NASA needs a lot of help.

I couldn't agree more. I've suggested in a world where all other things are equal, perhaps science could take a back seat to spaceflight. I'd love to have both. I'm afraid we'll get neither.

I'm not with the folks who looked at Rutan's space shot and naively said, "The private sector can do it." I have... ummm... hope in such things as X-Prizes, space elevators, etc. but the private sector is years behind where NASA could be if it focussed.
 
The manned space program is just as important as robotic exploration. Givin high poulation growth and massive consumption of resources here on Earth, we are going to need to learn how to live in space and on other planets.

Colonization is a very long way off and there are many hard problems to be solved, but the sooner you start working on those problems the quicker and easier the answers will come in the future. Those problems will never be solved if we keep putting them off for some future generation to deal with. It's like a person who never buys a car because he's allways waitng for a better deal to come his way. The longer we wait the worse it will be.

One of the purposes of the new CEV program is to make manned space flight cheaper in the long run so that there will be more cash for other research. The space shuttle has been a cash hog nearly since it's inception. The shuttle fleet is old and expensive. That's why the CEV program is combining upgraded Apollo technology with "off-the-shelf" shuttle technology. A cheaper, quicker way to men into space.

http://www.nasa.gov/missions/solarsystem/cev_faq.htmlheaper

I'm am all for any country that explores space. Manned or otherwise. I applauded the Chinese when they sent a man up. I marvled at the Japanese asteroid probe as it made touch and go manuvers on an asteroid surface. wondered at the pictures of the surface of Titan and the sun provided to us by our european partners. I thank Ed that the Russians are there to give us the benefit of thier vast manned space experiance and the cheap, reliable space technology that we are using to launch satellites into orbit and astronauts to the space station while our shuttle fleet lays aging and in bad need of replacement.
The more the merrier. The better for mankind as a whole.

Remember Spain and Portugal were the first to land on the new world but it was England and France that made the colonies work and flourish.

You should be writing to our representatives to increase NASA'a budget for both exploration and research. The money we spend on NASA is nothing compared to what we spend on military and welfare (both corporate bailout and social). It is an investment in our future that gives us returns today in technology, environmental studies, medicine, education...the list goes on.


*getting off the soapbox*
 
Givin high poulation growth and massive consumption of resources here on Earth, we are going to need to learn how to live in space and on other planets.
I have never understood the logic behind this argument.

Living in space and on other planets as a solution to population growth and resource consumption? It takes a proportionally extraordinary amount of resources (both consumables and money) to deliver an infintessimal fraction of the population there and to keep them alive. If one wants to support a small group of people in an environmentally controlled shelter (either completely airtight, or almost so on Mars) to keep alive in some of the harshest conditions possible, growing food, recycling waste, etc.... then why not pick Antarctica? The Sahara? Set up a (I hesitate to use the word) bio-dome anywhere on the planet ... it's still far cheaper and less wasteful than space colonies.

Until there is a discovery of epic proportions (FTL drive, habitable planet within reach, physiological method of staying alive in Mars atmosphere, or some such) there simply is no advantage in moving any significant fraction of the population off Earth. It's too little return for too much investment.

It's like making the argument that New York City is too populated and polluted, so we'll build a giant floating rig 150 miles off into the Atlantic and ship 1,000,000 people there. The air is clean, there's lots of room to spread out, right? We can extract clean drinking water from sea water, chemical compounds from the sea, fish for food, and mine the sea floor for raw materials. But we have to build enough space for everyone. And the storms can get a little harsh, so we have to build to survive that (have to develop the tech to do that). And we'd have to either grow our own food somehow (have to build the tech to do that) expand the methods of getting food from the sea or import it.

Given the cost and expenditure of resources, *that* solution is far more practical than going into space or to another planet if you're trying to solve the problem of Earth resources. There are no advantages to moving into space, only disadvantages.

- Timothy
 
I thank Ed that the Russians are there to give us the benefit of thier vast manned space experiance and the cheap, reliable space technology that we are using to launch satellites into orbit and astronauts to the space station while our shuttle fleet lays aging and in bad need of replacement.
The fantasy of cheap manned space flight has already cost our space program dearly. There is no rational reason to use manned flight to launch unmanned missions. Reliance on the shuttles was a huge mistake.

I'm with R.Mackey and Notrump. We get far far more science per dollar from unmanned exploration. Very important projects, including earth monitoring as well as deeper probes, are being scrapped for premature romantic fantasies. Virtually all of the wealth of knowledge we have learned about our solar system has come from robotic exploration. 99.9% of the cost and complexity of manned missions is devoted to keeping the people alive. The ISS has no scientific justification. There are no observations or experiments being done on the ISS that could not be done with robots...

Furthermore, even if you envision manned missions beyond near earth orbit, reliable robotic equipment will be crucial to support such missions. For the near future our effort should be on developing such technology and using it to extend our knowledge and prove its reliability.

As for self-sustaining colonies on Mars or the moon: extremely unlikely in the foreseeable future. Given sufficient resources a permanent presence is possible, but it will not be self-sustaining. Nor will it advance science in any way not possible for a fraction of the cost with robots. It is an alluring dream, but our space program should be based on reality, not fantasy.
 

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