Light Therapy

[casebro]

Wouldn't the sun that the calf are exposed to,penetrate just like the light from LEDS? So, how come calfs and cria aren't 'cured' spontainiously while they are small enough for the light to penetrate all the way through them? Sound pretty woo to me.

 

[Ken M.]

casebro asked how it works. Here's an explanation from "gales Photonic Thereapy" (.galesphotonictherapy.com/vet.html):

"When light is applied to acupuncture points it stimulates the mitochondrial membrane's proteins that mediate electron transfer and the oxidative phosphorylation associated with the respiratory chain. As not all the energy applied can be absorbed and utilized at once, it may be shown that antennae protein absorb a lot of the energy to pass on at a latter stage. In the neuromuscular systems, electrical potentials which are the product of intercellular chemical reactions, serve as messengers, provoke specific responses, and cyclic series of potentials can be used to automatically control a target organ."

 

[Ken M.]

A different form of "light therapy" was mentioned in today's Rocky Mountain News, published in Denver:

(.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_4433188,00.html)

Naturopath pleads guilty
By Sue Lindsay, Rocky Mountain News
February 1, 2006

A Wheat Ridge naturopath pleaded guilty today during jury selection in Jefferson County District Court.

Brian O'Connell pleaded guilty to criminally negligent homicide, theft, assault, perjury, practicing medicine without a license and other charges in the death of Sean Flanagan, 19. Flanagan was suffering from Ewing's sarcoma and died after a yearlong battle with the cancerous disease.

Defense attorneys for O'Connell said the teenager was terminally ill and died of an overdose of painkillers.

Prosecutors said O'Connell used unconventional therapies, including exposing a blood sample from Flanagan to ultraviolet light and reinjecting the blood into his body. Flanagan died when his oxygen level plummeted after receiving a series of those treatments.

New evidence received by prosecutors last night showed that O'Connell had perjured himself in a 1999 Jefferson County murder trial when he said he had a masters degree, but had no such credential.

Prosecutors said O'Connell posted phony diplomas and certificates on his office wall.

The charges could result in a sentence ranging from probation to 15 years in prison.

 

[rob1ns]

Photonic Therapy

Originally Posted by rob1ns :
It is the Near-IR penetrating the hemoglobin at a mitochondrial level and stimulating 'NATURAL' collagen production

Originally Posted by Dilb :
What does that mean, exactly? I'm no biologist, but there's no hemoglobin in mitochondria, and no mitochondria in erythrocytes, and neither are involved in collagen production.

There is mitochrondia in every cell... it is at the nucleus of the cell where the cytochrome oxidase resides. When this gets excited it increase ATP production and healthy cell functionality. One of the "side effects" of a healthy rotating cell is production of healthy collagen... the bodies number one protein. Read these peer reviewed papers to see the proof. Quantum Devices was not inducted into NASA's Space Technology Hall of Fame for their LACK of research and proof when it comes to the healing aspects of LED arrays. Medical Applications of Space Light-Emitting Diode Technology - Space Station and Beyond
Harry T. Whelan, M.D.‘“, John M. Houle, B.S.‘” ,Deborah L. Donohoe, A.S.,L.A.T.G.la, Dawn M. Bajic, B.S.‘“-Meic H. Schmidt, M.D?, Kenneth W. Reichert, 11, M.D?,George T. Weyenberg, R.N. la, David L. Larson, M.D. lb , Glenn A. Meyer, M.D. I a James A. Caviness, M.D 2 .2

Originally Posted by Dilb :
This raises a lot of questions. How is greater power being delivered? Since LEDs are so cheap, why should I care? How does more power increase the penetration, which should be just a function of the wavelength of the radiation? What am I hoping to hit 23cm inside me, when I'm pretty sure no part of me is that far from the outside? Why can't I find any of those claims on the Quantum Devices web page about the WARP 10?

warp-heals.com All the proof you need is on this site... Dr. Whelan has recently published a paper in the Journal of Immunology and Allergies regarding the stimulation of the body's own innate immunity for biodefense. I'm sure this would well relate to the issue with the alpaca also. The McClaren device is LLLT device and will give you results. The Quantum WARP 10 will give you the same results with a larger coverage area 10cm2 (1" diameter). By irradiating the body's thymus, liver, spleen and adrenal glands (acupuncture if you will) you can boost the body's natural immune system.

"If you always do what you've always done, you'll always get the same result." --Anonymous

 

[rob1ns]

Photonic Therapy

Originally Posted by rob1ns :
It is the Near-IR penetrating the hemoglobin at a mitochondrial level and stimulating 'NATURAL' collagen production

Originally Posted by Dilb :
What does that mean, exactly? I'm no biologist, but there's no hemoglobin in mitochondria, and no mitochondria in erythrocytes, and neither are involved in collagen production.

There is mitochrondia in every cell... it is at the nucleus of the cell where the cytochrome oxidase resides. When this gets excited it increase ATP production and healthy cell functionality. One of the "side effects" of a healthy rotating cell is production of healthy collagen... the bodies number one protein. Read these peer reviewed papers to see the proof. Quantum Devices was not inducted into NASA's Space Technology Hall of Fame for their LACK of research and proof when it comes to the healing aspects of LED arrays. Medical Applications of Space Light-Emitting Diode Technology - Space Station and Beyond
Harry T. Whelan, M.D.‘“, John M. Houle, B.S.‘” ,Deborah L. Donohoe, A.S.,L.A.T.G.la, Dawn M. Bajic, B.S.‘“-Meic H. Schmidt, M.D?, Kenneth W. Reichert, 11, M.D?,George T. Weyenberg, R.N. la, David L. Larson, M.D. lb , Glenn A. Meyer, M.D. I a James A. Caviness, M.D 2 .2

Originally Posted by Dilb :
This raises a lot of questions. How is greater power being delivered? Since LEDs are so cheap, why should I care? How does more power increase the penetration, which should be just a function of the wavelength of the radiation? What am I hoping to hit 23cm inside me, when I'm pretty sure no part of me is that far from the outside? Why can't I find any of those claims on the Quantum Devices web page about the WARP 10?

warp-heals.com All the proof you need is on this site... Dr. Whelan has recently published a paper in the Journal of Immunology and Allergies regarding the stimulation of the body's own innate immunity for biodefense. I'm sure this would well relate to the issue with the alpaca also. The McClaren device is LLLT device and will give you results. The Quantum WARP 10 will give you the same results with a larger coverage area 10cm2 (1" diameter). By irradiating the body's thymus, liver, spleen and adrenal glands (acupuncture if you will) you can boost the body's natural immune system.

"If you always do what you've always done, you'll always get the same result." --Anonymous

 

[rob1ns]

Additional Information.... proven....

Light therapy can: (If these three factors are followed: 1)Wavelength (650 - 950) 2) Irradiancy (50mW/cm2) 3) Dosimetry (4 joules minimum/dose)

Increase vascularity (circulation) by increasing the formation of new capillaries, which are additional blood vessels that replace damaged ones. New capillaries speed up the healing process by carrying more oxygen as well as more nutrients needed for healing and they can also carry more waste products away

Stimulate the production of collagen. Collagen is the most common protein found in the body. Collagen is the essential protein used to repair damaged tissue and to replace old tissue. It is the substance that holds cells together and has a high degree of elasticity. By increasing collagen production less scar tissue is formed at the damaged site.

Stimulate the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the major carrier of energy to all cells. Increases in ATP allow cells to accept nutrients faster and get rid of waste products faster by increasing the energy level in the cell. All food turns into ATP before it is utilized by the cells. ATP provides the chemical energy that drives the chemical reaction of the cell.

Increase lymphatic system activity. Edema, which is the swelling or natural splinting process of the body, has two basic components. The first is a liquid part which can be evacuated by the blood system and the second is comprised of the proteins which have to be evacuated by the lymphatic system. Research has shown that the lymph vessel diameter and the flow of the lymph system can be doubled with the use of light therapy. The venous diameter and the arterial diameters can also be increased. This means that both parts of edema (liquid and protein) can be evacuated at a much faster rate to relieve swelling.

Increase RNA and DNA synthesis. This helps damaged cells to be replaced more promptly.

Reduce the excitability of nervous tissue. The photons of light energy enter the body as negative ions. This calls upon the body to send positive ions like calcium among others to go to the area being treated. These ions assist in firing the nerves thereby relieving pain.

Stimulate fibroblastic activity which aids in the repair process. Fibroblasts are present in connective tissue and are capable of forming collagen fibers.

Increase phagocytosis, which is the process of scavenging for and ingesting dead or degenerated cells by phagocyte cells for the purpose of clean up. This is an important part of the infection fighting process. Destruction of the infection and clean up must occur before the healing process can take place.

Induce a thermal like effect in the tissue. The light raises the temperature of the cells although there is no heat produced from the diodes themselves. (The BioPack cluster will be warm to the touch because of the electronics needed to power the 30 diodes.)

Stimulate tissue granulation and connective tissue projections, which are part of the healing process of wounds, ulcers or inflamed tissue.

Stimulate acetylcholine release. Acetylcholine causes cardiac inhibition, vasodilation, gastrointestinal peristalsis and other parasympathetic effects.

 

[teddygrahams]

Light therapy can: (If these three factors are followed: 1)Wavelength (650 - 950) 2) Irradiancy (50mW/cm2) 3) Dosimetry (4 joules minimum/dose)

Increase vascularity (circulation) by increasing the formation of new capillaries, which are additional blood vessels that replace damaged ones. New capillaries speed up the healing process by carrying more oxygen as well as more nutrients needed for healing and they can also carry more waste products away

Stimulate the production of collagen. Collagen is the most common protein found in the body. Collagen is the essential protein used to repair damaged tissue and to replace old tissue. It is the substance that holds cells together and has a high degree of elasticity. By increasing collagen production less scar tissue is formed at the damaged site.

Stimulate the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the major carrier of energy to all cells. Increases in ATP allow cells to accept nutrients faster and get rid of waste products faster by increasing the energy level in the cell. All food turns into ATP before it is utilized by the cells. ATP provides the chemical energy that drives the chemical reaction of the cell.

Increase lymphatic system activity. Edema, which is the swelling or natural splinting process of the body, has two basic components. The first is a liquid part which can be evacuated by the blood system and the second is comprised of the proteins which have to be evacuated by the lymphatic system. Research has shown that the lymph vessel diameter and the flow of the lymph system can be doubled with the use of light therapy. The venous diameter and the arterial diameters can also be increased. This means that both parts of edema (liquid and protein) can be evacuated at a much faster rate to relieve swelling.

Increase RNA and DNA synthesis. This helps damaged cells to be replaced more promptly.

Reduce the excitability of nervous tissue. The photons of light energy enter the body as negative ions. This calls upon the body to send positive ions like calcium among others to go to the area being treated. These ions assist in firing the nerves thereby relieving pain.

Stimulate fibroblastic activity which aids in the repair process. Fibroblasts are present in connective tissue and are capable of forming collagen fibers.

Increase phagocytosis, which is the process of scavenging for and ingesting dead or degenerated cells by phagocyte cells for the purpose of clean up. This is an important part of the infection fighting process. Destruction of the infection and clean up must occur before the healing process can take place.

Induce a thermal like effect in the tissue. The light raises the temperature of the cells although there is no heat produced from the diodes themselves. (The BioPack cluster will be warm to the touch because of the electronics needed to power the 30 diodes.)

Stimulate tissue granulation and connective tissue projections, which are part of the healing process of wounds, ulcers or inflamed tissue.

Stimulate acetylcholine release. Acetylcholine causes cardiac inhibition, vasodilation, gastrointestinal peristalsis and other parasympathetic effects.

"Of Course" Mr. Ed would say. Willburrrr... crank up the LEDs... my ATP is getting low....

 

[Dilb]

There is mitochrondia in every cell... it is at the nucleus of the cell where the cytochrome oxidase resides. When this gets excited it increase ATP production and healthy cell functionality. One of the "side effects" of a healthy rotating cell is production of healthy collagen... the bodies number one protein. Read these peer reviewed papers to see the proof. Quantum Devices was not inducted into NASA's Space Technology Hall of Fame for their LACK of research and proof when it comes to the healing aspects of LED arrays. Medical Applications of Space Light-Emitting Diode Technology - Space Station and Beyond
Harry T. Whelan, M.D.‘“, John M. Houle, B.S.‘” ,Deborah L. Donohoe, A.S.,L.A.T.G.la, Dawn M. Bajic, B.S.‘“-Meic H. Schmidt, M.D?, Kenneth W. Reichert, 11, M.D?,George T. Weyenberg, R.N. la, David L. Larson, M.D. lb , Glenn A. Meyer, M.D. I a James A. Caviness, M.D 2 .2

I don't especially doubt that cytochrome oxidase could be stimulated by light and increase the cellular respiration rate. I do have my doubts that you understand what you're posting, as you seem to throw in unrelated terms. First hemoglobin, and now you're claiming that the mitochondria are in the nucleus. They arn't, and anyone who remembers highschool biology knows perfectly well that the nucleus is unrelated to mitochondria. I honestly have no clue what you are referring to with a "healthy rotating cell". As far as I can find, rotating cell is a weather term.

I tried to read the paper, but it's extremely technical. All I'm really able to get out of it is that there is an effect.

warp-heals.com All the proof you need is on this site... Dr. Whelan has recently published a paper in the Journal of Immunology and Allergies regarding the stimulation of the body's own innate immunity for biodefense. I'm sure this would well relate to the issue with the alpaca also. The McClaren device is LLLT device and will give you results. The Quantum WARP 10 will give you the same results with a larger coverage area 10cm2 (1" diameter). By irradiating the body's thymus, liver, spleen and adrenal glands (acupuncture if you will) you can boost the body's natural immune system.

"If you always do what you've always done, you'll always get the same result." --Anonymous

You're not answering my questions. I found that site last time, I was referring to that site last time, and it doesn't answer any of my questions. It doesn't even make any claims about the questions I ask. I'm asking about your claims.

The warp-heals site makes the simple, understandable claim that LEDs will deliver more power in their specific spectral range than sunlight (I think they mean sunlight, it's a bit vague though) or lightbulbs. This is unsurprising to anyone who has learned about blackbody radiation and lasers/LEDs, but at least useful to point out. You claim

The Quantum WARP 10 has an engine that drives its LEDs (surface mounted chips - not light bulbs from Radio Shack) 4.3 times harder than any on the market... allowing for penetrability in the 23 cm range.

You claim they put more power through their LEDs than others on the market. I can't find this claim on their website, and I can't imagine why you'd want to. Two LEDs are pretty much identical to one LED with twice the intensity for this application. More importantly, I can't imagine that custom LEDs are going to be cheaper than buying normal LEDs.

You claim this driving it's LEDs harder allows for deeper penetration. I'm reasonably informed about physics, and that doesn't make any sense to me. Whether it's 1 or 2 LEDs shouldn't affect the absorbtion of light, except possibly as a function of the angles involved. Since 40 or so LEDs are being used, I'd be very surprised if there were a noticable difference if you simply bumped that up to 80 in a similar area.

 

[rob1ns]

Originally Posted by rob1ns post1459900post1459900:
There is mitochrondia in every cell... it is at the nucleus of the cell where the cytochrome oxidase resides. When this gets excited it increase ATP production and healthy cell functionality. One of the "side effects" of a healthy rotating cell is production of healthy collagen... the bodies number one protein. Read these peer reviewed papers to see the proof. Quantum Devices was not inducted into NASA's Space Technology Hall of Fame for their LACK of research and proof when it comes to the healing aspects of LED arrays. Medical Applications of Space Light-Emitting Diode Technology - Space Station and Beyond
Harry T. Whelan, M.D.‘“, John M. Houle, B.S.‘” ,Deborah L. Donohoe, A.S.,L.A.T.G.la, Dawn M. Bajic, B.S.‘“-Meic H. Schmidt, M.D?, Kenneth W. Reichert, 11, M.D?,George T. Weyenberg, R.N. la, David L. Larson, M.D. lb , Glenn A. Meyer, M.D. I a James A. Caviness, M.D 2 .2

I don't especially doubt that cytochrome oxidase could be stimulated by light and increase the cellular respiration rate. I do have my doubts that you understand what you're posting, as you seem to throw in unrelated terms. First hemoglobin, and now you're claiming that the mitochondria are in the nucleus. They arn't, and anyone who remembers highschool biology knows perfectly well that the nucleus is unrelated to mitochondria. I honestly have no clue what you are referring to with a "healthy rotating cell". As far as I can find, rotating cell is a weather term.

I believe my statement was ‘at’ the nucleus, but I don’t want to get caught up on semantics here, I was in error. Let me give you a picture. When a photon enters the cell it is absorbed by a porphyrin (cytochrome c oxidase). Photons at a near-infrared wavelength cause a cell to rotate, thus my ‘healthy rotating cell’ comment…. Didn’t mean to confuse…


I tried to read the paper, but it's extremely technical. All I'm really able to get out of it is that there is an effect.

Originally Posted by rob1ns post1459900post1459900:
warp-heals.com All the proof you need is on this site... Dr. Whelan has recently published a paper in the Journal of Immunology and Allergies regarding the stimulation of the body's own innate immunity for biodefense. I'm sure this would well relate to the issue with the alpaca also. The McClaren device is LLLT device and will give you results. The Quantum WARP 10 will give you the same results with a larger coverage area 10cm2 (1" diameter). By irradiating the body's thymus, liver, spleen and adrenal glands (acupuncture if you will) you can boost the body's natural immune system.

"If you always do what you've always done, you'll always get the same result." --Anonymous

You're not answering my questions. I found that site last time, I was referring to that site last time, and it doesn't answer any of my questions. It doesn't even make any claims about the questions I ask. I'm asking about your claims.

Just to clarify … you stated there are no mitochondria hemoglobin…. Please read “Fine Structure of Mitochondria in the Red Blood Cell (RBC) by E. Keyhani , Laboratory for Life Sciences, Saadat Abade, Sarve Sharghi 34, 19979 Tehran, Iran
Talk:Hemoglobin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Question: Since heme is formed in the mitochondria, and mammalian erythrocytes do not have mitochondria in order to provide more space for hemoglobin, how exactly is hemoglobin made for the red blood cell? Especially without a nucleus to create any mRNA?
Immature mammalian erythrocytes have both nuclei and mitochondria: the hemoglobin carried in the mature cell is made in the immature cell, before it loses them. - Nunh-huh 04:07, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)


The warp-heals site makes the simple, understandable claim that LEDs will deliver more power in their specific spectral range than sunlight (I think they mean sunlight, it's a bit vague though) or lightbulbs. This is unsurprising to anyone who has learned about blackbody radiation and lasers/LEDs, but at least useful to point out.

The Quantum WARP 10 has an engine that drives its LEDs (surface mounted chips - not light bulbs from Radio Shack) 4.3 times harder than any on the market... allowing for penetrability in the 23 cm range

.

You claim they put more power through their LEDs than others on the market. I can't find this claim on their website, and I can't imagine why you'd want to. Two LEDs are pretty much identical to one LED with twice the intensity for this application. More importantly, I can't imagine that custom LEDs are going to be cheaper than buying normal LEDs.

The more LEDs in an area, the more even distribution of light. It most definitely affects the absorption of light. The danger of LEDs is the fact that they get hot. If you can generate more power through the LED (by not deflecting the light through a light bulb, let’s say) and if you can pull the heat away from the LED you can have a longer exposure time of the light without causing damage and achieve greater penetrability. Most LED products have hot spots. They are laid out on a pad with no thermal junction to cool them. You are simply paying for an extremely expensive heating pad. Anodyne Therapy is a perfect example, they’ve been selling units to nursing homes for years, making extraordinary claims. They have now received a FDA Warning Letter for failure to report over 29 burn victims and had never developed the proper medical device reporting system. They also never followed up with any of the burn victims and their treatment. They received results simply by heat. To penetrate the body at a cellular level and stimulate a proper cell respiration, then you need the basics. Proper wavelength, radiant power and dosimetry. Those being 670nm, 50mW/cm2, and 4 joules/cm2.
You claim this driving it's LEDs harder allows for deeper penetration. I'm reasonably informed about physics, and that doesn't make any sense to me. Whether it's 1 or 2 LEDs shouldn't affect the absorbtion of light, except possibly as a function of the angles involved. Since 40 or so LEDs are being used, I'd be very surprised if there were a noticable difference if you simply bumped that up to 80 in a similar area.

If you ever develop arthritis or suffer from burns or open sores. I hope you try the LED unit and you will definitely be less skeptical. I even used it on my dog when he tore the pad from his front paw. It was healed over so well after 4 days of treatment he could walk on it! That is miraculous, it is usually weeks of recovery.

 

[Dilb]

I believe my statement was ‘at’ the nucleus, but I don’t want to get caught up on semantics here, I was in error. Let me give you a picture. When a photon enters the cell it is absorbed by a porphyrin (cytochrome c oxidase). Photons at a near-infrared wavelength cause a cell to rotate, thus my ‘healthy rotating cell’ comment…. Didn’t mean to confuse…

Since when does a a photon cause a cell to rotate? I can point out numerous physical reasons why that makes no sense, and I can say that with some authority since I am actually studying physics.

Just to clarify … you stated there are no mitochondria hemoglobin…. Please read “Fine Structure of Mitochondria in the Red Blood Cell (RBC) by E. Keyhani , Laboratory for Life Sciences, Saadat Abade, Sarve Sharghi 34, 19979 Tehran, Iran
Talk:Hemoglobin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

What would a "mitochondria hemoglobin" be? Mitochondria are an organelle, practically a tiny cell of itself. Hemoglobin is a protein, found in red blood cells, which is used to transport oxygen. As far as I can find hemoglobin is just in solution in the cell.

Reading the paper, there are two problems I have. First, it's about axolotl, a Mexican aquatic salamander. Second, it doesn't answer any of my questions. It says that axolotl red blood cells have organelles, like I'd expect them to at some point, and that mitochondria are one of those organelles.

Question: Since heme is formed in the mitochondria, and mammalian erythrocytes do not have mitochondria in order to provide more space for hemoglobin, how exactly is hemoglobin made for the red blood cell? Especially without a nucleus to create any mRNA?
Immature mammalian erythrocytes have both nuclei and mitochondria: the hemoglobin carried in the mature cell is made in the immature cell, before it loses them. - Nunh-huh 04:07, 22 Oct 2004 (UTC)

And the point of this is what? Are you now claiming that it only works on immature red blood cells, in which case it should only be used on bones, and that stuff about organs was wrong? Or do you not understand that not all iron containing proteins are hemoglobin?

The more LEDs in an area, the more even distribution of light. It most definitely affects the absorption of light. The danger of LEDs is the fact that they get hot.

So you want less power in your LEDs, so you can use more and get a wider area? That would mean that you don't want to drive your LED '4.3 times harder than any on the market'. Also, LEDs don't get hot in any way that could be imagined as dangerous, unless you put them in a fire.

If you can generate more power through the LED (by not deflecting the light through a light bulb, let’s say) and if you can pull the heat away from the LED you can have a longer exposure time of the light without causing damage and achieve greater penetrability. Most LED products have hot spots. They are laid out on a pad with no thermal junction to cool them. You are simply paying for an extremely expensive heating pad. Anodyne Therapy is a perfect example, they’ve been selling units to nursing homes for years, making extraordinary claims. They have now received a FDA Warning Letter for failure to report over 29 burn victims and had never developed the proper medical device reporting system. They also never followed up with any of the burn victims and their treatment. They received results simply by heat. To penetrate the body at a cellular level and stimulate a proper cell respiration, then you need the basics. Proper wavelength, radiant power and dosimetry. Those being 670nm, 50mW/cm2, and 4 joules/cm2.

None of that relates to my questions in any way. According to the FDA, Quantum devices is selling a heat lamp, too. But I don't care about heat lamps, I want to know about the claims you make about the operation of LEDs. I want to know why "driving' an LED harder is good, or why you think radiation can penetrate deeper depending on something other than wavelength. I do happen to understand physics, so really: why does the attenuation of light depend on the total time the object is exposed, or the intensity of the light?

If you ever develop arthritis or suffer from burns or open sores. I hope you try the LED unit and you will definitely be less skeptical. I even used it on my dog when he tore the pad from his front paw. It was healed over so well after 4 days of treatment he could walk on it! That is miraculous, it is usually weeks of recovery.

It's also entirely unlike any claims I can find by anyone who actually sounds like they know what they are talking about, and doesn't address my questions about claims that you, personally, have made.

 

[rob1ns]

Photobiomodulation by light in the red to near infrared range (630–1000 nm) using low energy lasers or light-emitting diode
(LED) arrays has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve recovery from ischemic injury in the heart and attenuate
degeneration in the injured optic nerve. Recent evidence indicates that the therapeutic effects of red to near infrared light result,
in part, from intracellular signaling mechanisms triggered by the interaction of NIR light with the mitochondrial photoacceptor
molecule cytochrome c oxidase. We have demonstrated that NIR-LED photo-irradiation increases the production of
cytochrome oxidase in cultured primary neurons and reverses the reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity produced by
metabolic inhibitors. We have also shown that NIR-LED treatment prevents the development of oral mucositis in pediatric bone
marrow transplant patients. Photobiomodulation improves wound healing in genetically diabetic mice by upregulating genes
important in the promotion of wound healing. More recent studies have provided evidence for the therapeutic benefit of NIRLED
treatment in the survival and functional recovery of the retina and optic nerve in vivo after acute injury by the
mitochondrial toxin, formic acid generated in the course of methanol intoxication. Gene discovery studies conducted using
microarray technology documented a significant upregulation of gene expression in pathways involved in mitochondrial energy
production and antioxidant cellular protection. These findings provide a link between the actions of red to near infrared light on
mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro and cell injury in vivo. Based on these findings and the strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases processes, we propose that NIR-LED
photobiomodulation represents an innovative and non-invasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of tissue injury and
disease processes in which mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to play a role including diabetic retinopathy, age-related
macular degeneration, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and Parkinson’s disease.
Abbreviations: NIR, near infrared; LED, light-emitting diode; ERG, electroretinogram; LRRI, log relative retinal illumination.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: C1C414-229-5405; fax: C1C414-229-2619.
E-mail address: jeells@uwm.edu (J.T. Eells).
1567-7249/$ - see front matter q 2004 Elsevier B.V. and Mitochondria Research Society. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.mito.2004.07.033

 

[Dilb]

{irrelevant abstract removed}

First, I don't care. I'm not a biochemist, I'm studying engineering physics. As such, I know about things like diodes, light, and circuits, not how to evaluate metabolic activity in neurons. I don't care about whether or not anything happens. Knowing what I know about physics, I admit it's possible something happens, and I will then listen to people who actually know what they are talking about, rather than to people who copy and paste an abstract in the hope that the answer is somewhere in there.

Second, even if I wanted to try and evaluate any of the claims they make, you don't tell me where you got that abstract from. You're practically plagiarizing at this point.

Third, you still aren't responding to my questions concerning your personal claims about LEDs, especially about power and efficiency.

 

[Jimbo07]

First, I don't care. I'm not a biochemist, I'm studying engineering physics.

Where at?

 

[Dilb]

Where at?

Queen's University, in my 3rd year.