I've looked a bit at the final ECHR cases pending before the CoM of two states with a low number of such cases, the UK and Germany (each has 7 pending cases before the CoM), to see how those states organized their Action Plans. I came across two cases - one from each country - that surprisingly had a few elements reminiscent of the Knox - Sollecito case. Unlike the Knox v. Italy case, however, where Italy has not provided an Action Plan indicating how the violations of the Convention would be redressed, the two cases had Action Plans with extensive discussion of the history of the case and a brief indication of how the violations of the Convention would be redressed.
The two cases are V.C.L and A.N. v. the United Kingdom 77587/12 16/02/2021 and Meng v. Germany 1128/17 16/02/2021. I'll write about the first case only in this post in the interests of brevity.
V.C.L and A.N. were two minors trafficked for their labor from Vietnam who were arrested in the UK in a police raid on a large house where cannabis was being grown illegally. The two minors were tending the plants. Because of confusion and delays in communication between the relevant UK agencies, the two were prosecuted, although as victims of trafficking, they should have been exempt from prosecution. Their state-appointed lawyers had advised them to plead guilty (a possible case of ineffective counsel), which they did. (This is an element that is somewhat similar to the improper revelation of her own alleged traumatic amnesia by the interpreter in the Knox case.) They were found guilty. On appeal, after their status as victims of trafficking had become clear to the prosecution and courts, the higher courts did not accept their change in pleas:
The refusal of the UK appeals court(s) to conduct a fair evaluation of the information that the two minors had been trafficked also is suggestive of the failures of the Italian courts to fairly evaluate exculpatory evidence in the Knox case, including, for example, the testimony of the interpreter that she had, acting as a mediator, revealed her own alleged experience of traumatic amnesia, suggestive information that may have influenced Knox during the coercive interrogation, or to order an effective independent investigation of Knox's allegations that she had been subjected to misconduct by the police during the interrogation.
Sources:
ECHR judgment:
hudoc.echr.coe.int
CoM summary and status:
hudoc.exec.coe.int
The two cases are V.C.L and A.N. v. the United Kingdom 77587/12 16/02/2021 and Meng v. Germany 1128/17 16/02/2021. I'll write about the first case only in this post in the interests of brevity.
V.C.L and A.N. were two minors trafficked for their labor from Vietnam who were arrested in the UK in a police raid on a large house where cannabis was being grown illegally. The two minors were tending the plants. Because of confusion and delays in communication between the relevant UK agencies, the two were prosecuted, although as victims of trafficking, they should have been exempt from prosecution. Their state-appointed lawyers had advised them to plead guilty (a possible case of ineffective counsel), which they did. (This is an element that is somewhat similar to the improper revelation of her own alleged traumatic amnesia by the interpreter in the Knox case.) They were found guilty. On appeal, after their status as victims of trafficking had become clear to the prosecution and courts, the higher courts did not accept their change in pleas:
208. .... Although the applicants had relied on Article 4 [prohibition of slavery and forced labor] of the Convention [the Appeals Court] did not consider their cases through the prism of the State’s positive obligations under that Article. On the contrary, it restricted itself to a relatively narrow review; in dismissing the appeals by both applicants the Court of Appeal made it clear that a defendant was provided with one opportunity to give instructions to his or her legal advisers and that it would only be “in the most exceptional cases” that the court would consider it appropriate to allow the defendant to advance fresh instructions about the facts for the purposes of an appeal against conviction.... In the [ECHR's] view, such an approach would in effect penalise victims of trafficking for not initially identifying themselves as such and allow the authorities to rely on their own failure to fulfil their duty under Article 4 of the Convention to take operational measures to protect them. Consequently, the Court does not consider that the appeal proceedings cured the defects in the proceedings which led to the applicants’ charging and eventual conviction.
209. The foregoing considerations are sufficient to enable the Court to conclude that in respect of both applicants the proceedings as a whole could not be considered “fair”.
210. There has accordingly been a violation of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.
The refusal of the UK appeals court(s) to conduct a fair evaluation of the information that the two minors had been trafficked also is suggestive of the failures of the Italian courts to fairly evaluate exculpatory evidence in the Knox case, including, for example, the testimony of the interpreter that she had, acting as a mediator, revealed her own alleged experience of traumatic amnesia, suggestive information that may have influenced Knox during the coercive interrogation, or to order an effective independent investigation of Knox's allegations that she had been subjected to misconduct by the police during the interrogation.
Sources:
ECHR judgment:
HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights
The HUDOC database provides access to the case-law of the Court (Grand Chamber, Chamber and Committee judgments and decisions, communicated cases, advisory opinions and legal summaries from the Case-Law Information Note), the European Commission of Human Rights (decisions and reports) and the...
