Well, since were talking Economics, I will tell you my own experience with the outcome of anti-price gouging. About 20 years ago, Phoenix experienced a gas shortage due to a problem with a refinery in Tucson. As it happened, my car was low on gas. And for two weeks I could not get my tank filled because everytime a gas station opened up, there was a quarter-mile long line to get to the pumps. Most didn't exactly need gas desperately; people were just topping up their 1/2 to 3/4 tank. And why were they willing to do that? Because our idiot Attorney General, Terry Goddard threatened to prosecute any dealers who were guilty of price-gouging. If the stations had been allowed to (say) increase their prices by $1-2 a gallon, those people would have waited a bit and I would have been able to gas up.
This is the problem with price gouging laws in general; they prevent the market from sending the signal to consumers that availability of a good is limited. You mentioned the toilet paper shortage during Covid. Once again, our price-controlling commissars decreed no increases, and once again the response of the public was to hoard and buy beyond any current need. Let the price rise a bit and those who don't need it will say that's too much and those who do will be thrilled to find it on the shelf even at a dear price.