In one sense, the slogan ‘trans women are women’ (TWAW) has been remarkably successful. The trans rights cause has made much progress over the last twenty years, in the US and UK. TWAW has played an important role in establishing the ground rules for public discussion of gender identity. But it’s also true that the discussion has been virulent, cacophonous and confusing, and that this is in large part caused by TWAW, which is fatally ambiguous, both true and not true.
In late 2016, as the Prime Minister, Theresa May, struggled to corral her divided party and parliament into agreeing on an exit from the EU, she adopted the slogan, “Brexit means Brexit”. It was used as an argument-clincher, a question-swatter, a critic-scarer. It sounded firm, strong, bracingly clear. In a way, it was unarguable - what else could Brexit mean? But it was also an obfuscation which occluded the whole substance of the debate: which kind of Brexit the country should pursue. Of course, that was the point.
“Trans women are women” is true in the sense that trans women should be treated as we treat women wherever possible; in the sense that we should respect the sensitivities of anyone who identifies as such. But it passes over and obscures the question of what kind of woman is a trans woman - that’s to say, what are the meaningful differences between trans women and female-born women, and what do those differences imply for how we organise society. It suggests a perfect identity between two categories which only overlap.
Trans women are not women in the sense that biological women are, because trans women are not born with female anatomy, are not spared male pubescence, and consequently have significantly different physical and social capacities and formative experiences. These differences needn’t always be considered definitive or even important; in most contexts, trans women are women. But in others, the differences absolutely matter - as Nicola Sturgeon is discovering. On Thursday, she said in parliament that she didn’t have “enough information” to say if Adam Graham, who has raped two women with his penis, is a woman or a man. All she could manage is that “a rapist should be considered a rapist”. TWAW is an evasive tautology that breeds evasive tautologies.