I meant to post about this last month, but I didn't get to it.
I Commanded U.S. Army Europe. Here’s What I Saw in the Russian and Ukrainian Armies.
This is an extremely deep dive into how the Russian and Ukrainian armies got to such completely different places when they started from exactly the same Red Army foundation. I highly recommend it for anyone who's interested in the subject.
tl;dr:
Ukraine committed to do everything that was necessary to create a competent, professional NCO corps, and followed through. Russia did not.
While Russia was not a contributing nation to [the Afghanistan International Security Assistance Force], we still offered the Russian Army opportunities to participate in many of our outreach programs. Our NCO Academy offered to allow the same number of Russian soldiers into each class as every other country. Russia accepted the invitation, but with conditions. They would send three of their “common soldiers” (their term), but they wanted a “senior officer” to also attend all classes and training events with them. They also wanted separate barracks for their soldiers instead of a “common barracks space with soldiers from other nations.” Finally, they would not adhere to the requirement only to send soldiers who could speak and read English (with so many languages represented, it was impossible to translate everything for everyone). While I was adamantly against acquiescing to these requests, my commander disagreed. The preparation for the Russian arrival was onerous, and their soldiers seemed much more interested in going to the post exchange—the subsidized on-base general store—than in learning leadership and tactical skills. We didn’t invite them back, and the Russian military never made any inquiries about returning.
Conversely,
After shaking my hand, [Colonel-General] Henadii [Vorobyov, Chief of the Ukrainian Ground Forces] started talking about the state of his army and his plans for the future while paratroopers dropped around us. He thought this exercise was the best he had seen in his first year as CGF, and he felt his army had made great strides in the last several years at building a professional force and developing a core of career sergeants. He thought our NCO Academy at Grafenwoehr had been instrumental in developing the young leaders he was seeing make a difference in Ukrainian units, and he immediately asked if there was a way to get more slots for his soldiers at the course. During a later visit to our headquarters in Germany, he asked for a one-on-one meeting with Command Sergeant Major Dave Davenport, the top NCO in Europe, about how the Ukrainians could plan to train and educate their senior sergeants.