I think that is up to individual sports leagues. There's no need for a one size fits all definition.
Sometimes documents and rules include a definitions section in which the meaning of terms is defined. Sometimes these are terms that have well known common meanings. For the purposes of the document in question, the definition can be narrowed or expanded.
So for a particular sports league, "woman" can mean "Humans born with two X chromosomes and no Y chromosomes on the second tuesday of March with a midwife attending." OR it could mean "a) any human born without a Y chomosomes or b) any human born with one Y chromosome whose body chemistry has been altered to the levels and times described in table 1a."
Those are (obviously) hypothetical context specific definitions that have absolutely no bearing on who should be considered a woman in various social contexts. There are absolutists on both sides who think that a single definition should apply in all cases. There are also those who recognize that there are contexts where things are not so black and white.