Not to derail the discussion but I've heard conflicting things on that. The fire in a theatre scenario was part of a court opinion, not an official ruling on a case.
The quote is preposterous for more than that reason.
The case was over whether the Espionage Act could apply to someone distributing pamphlets that argued for opposing the draft. Not by being violent. Not by resisting or evading. By such means as, say, getting the law that created the draft repealed.
This was a "clear and present danger" to the nation!
It's a dramatic example of censorious overreach and was overturned decades ago.
Holmes and other justices later would reverse their rulings on similar cases, Holmes objection starting when a group of Russian immigrants (probably even "refugess" in our modern sense) passing around pamphlets in a language nobody else spoke was just going too far for him.
Sadly, it was overturned so that the KKK could be openly hostile, inflammatory, and even invoke violent rhetoric unless it "is directed to inciting or producing imminent lawless action and is likely to incite or produce such action."
Sometimes I'm amazed our species has made it this far.
ETA: Forgotten is a later quote from Holmes: "The ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas -- that the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, and that truth is the only ground upon which their wishes safely can be carried out."