From what I'm understanding, this person can be charged and convicted of murder even though they did not actually murder anyone. Is that right? Does this mean that accessory charges don't even exist?
When I was learning basic law in high school, driving a getaway car was the definitive example of an accessory. As in, "What does accessory mean?" "The getaway car driver is an accessory. They didn't take part in the crime itself, but they knew about it and facilitated it." A distinction was also drawn between an accessory before the crime, who had knowledge prior to the crime being committed, and an accessory after the crime, who did not.
For example, if the getaway driver had been a participant in the plan to murder someone from the beginning, they would be an accessory before. If they had no idea what was going to happen until after the actual murderer came out and said "Okay, you gotta take me away from here because I just murdered someone", they would be an accessory after.
From what I'm being told here, if the person was a participant in the plan to murder someone from the beginning, they they are a murderer because they had the intent to have the person end up murdered, regardless of whether they actually pulled the trigger or not. This would mean that what I described above as an accessory after would not be a murderer, because they did not have the intent. Is that right?
My knowledge of law is limited, and what I learned in Australia may be different from what the law is in America. Heck, what the law is in America may be different from what the law is in another part of America, so I think my confusion is understandable. I would have thought that murder was a federal crime though, and would be treated consistently.
I realize that when you posted this you were think that it was the homeowner who got killed, but I’ll address it anyway.
Murder is usually a state crime. Murder is only a federal crime if it is a government official (elected/appointed official, law enforcement officer or their immediate family), intended to influence a court case (judge, court officer, juror, witness, victim), in connection with certain other federal crimes (bank robbery, rape, child molestation/rape, drug trafficking), on a ship, through the mail (send a bomb or poison), solicitation for murder, by a member of the U.S. Armed Forces or a prisoner thereof, or in some cases where the murder is committed on federal land or involves crossing state borders.
The laws for murder vary from state to state. In some states a person is guilty of murder if they order a murder or involved in any part of the planning or execution of the murder. This usually falls under RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations) laws originally designed to take down the leaders of organized crime. This is why Charles Manson was convicted of murder by the State of California even though he didn’t actually kill any of the victims.
In those states a person would be guilty of conspiracy if they helped plan a murder but it got busted up before it happened. They would be guilty of accessory if they helped cover up a murder after it was committed.
In a state with a RICO type law, the person would be guilty of accessory if they helped plan the murder or helped conceal it. That is, their participation was before or after the crime, but they didn’t actually participate in the crime.
A getaway driver would be an “accomplice”. In some states an accomplice would be guilty of aiding and abetting. In other states, the person would also be guilty of the murder.
In some states a person is guilty of murder if a person is killed while they are committing a crime. That is what we have here for first degree murder in Oklahoma:
A person also commits the crime of murder in the first degree, regardless of malice, when that person or any other person takes the life of a human being during, or if the death of a human being results from, the commission or attempted commission of murder of another person, shooting or discharge of a firearm or crossbow with intent to kill, intentional discharge of a firearm or other deadly weapon into any dwelling or building as provided in Section 1289.17A of this title, forcible rape, robbery with a dangerous weapon, kidnapping, escape from lawful custody, eluding an officer, first degree burglary, first degree arson, unlawful distributing or dispensing of controlled dangerous substances or synthetic controlled substances, trafficking in illegal drugs, or manufacturing or attempting to manufacture a controlled dangerous substance.
Note that malice is not a condition here. This usually applies to someone getting killed by the criminals: two guys hold up a liquor store and one guy ends up shooting the cashier; they are both guilty of murder. But note that it says “or any other person takes the life of a human being during, or if the death of a human being results” during the crimes listed. The homeowner took the life of a human being and the crime of burglary resulted in the death of a human being, so the driver is charged with first degree murder.
It seems a bit odd to me. But there have been cases where the police have shot one suspect in a crime and then charged the other with murder as a result of that person’s death.