Who killed Meredith Kercher? part 23

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No. You're distorting and misrepresenting once again. Vecchiotti was saying that her own equipment was not capable of outputting useful results at those low-template levels. Torrecelli was stating that it was now technically possible to carry out the required two amplifications at those levels. That doesn't for one moment change the fact that Vecchiotti herself was unable to do so given the equipment she had. Clear now?

And "bent and crooked" eh?! Do you think Vecchiotti and Conti were paid lots of money by the Gogerty Marriott Knox PR Juggernaut to produce the results they produced? Do you think Hellmann was paid lots of money by the Gogerty Marriott Knox PR Juggernaut to appoint C&V in the first place?

You do also realise that the conclusions of C&V were used, affirmatively, by the Marasca court in its (entirely correct) throwing out of the DNA evidence and severe criticisms of both Stefanoni and the courts which accepted the DNA work as credible and reliable? Oh yeah, I forgot, the Marasca Supreme Court panel was also paid lots of money by the Gogerty Marriott Knox PR Juggernaut..... :D:D:D:D:D

All for MezzaShezzaBezza.


That is utter bollocks. It is obvious Vecchiotti chickened out of testing the sample because her American pressurising friends of Amanda scientists were **** scared it was Mez' DNA.
 
Non sequitur and non answer. I hold a passport. It is a biometric passport. It does not have my fingerprints on it. Nor does it need or require that. The only way yours would require prints would be if you had a criminal record.

No, dear, it is mandatory, if you read the webpage I provided you with properly.


Stop making baseless assumptions.
 
In summarizing both Prof Novelli's 6 September 2011 testimony to the Hellmann court, as well as Prof Torricelli's testimony that same day, Judge Nencini in 2014 concludes with this:


The problem with Nencini is he then substitutes himself as an expert of the expert, and can override this deficiency on other things about "operator experience" that Novelli testified to.

This business of a judge in Italy becoming "an expert of the experts" is one of the reasons the Italian Supreme Court in 2015 annulled the convictions and exonerated the accused. The remedy, acc. to the ISC motivations report in 2015, is to appoint further independent experts - otherwise the judge is reversing things (in this case the need to follow international protocols with regard to at least one repetition of the amplification) on his own hunch, and not the science.

Can you provide a citation saying that anyone supported Stefanoni's work.... the whole independent, expert-world supports Conti & Vecchiotti.


Exactly exactly exactly. A fundamental failing in the Italian criminal justice system (one of many) is the way in which judges can appoint themselves as overarching experts, and can contradict true experts at will. It's all part of this ugly hangover from the inquisitorial system (and, arguably, from the last vestiges of Fascism) where judges (and their passive and compliant lay judicial panels) were empowered to determine "the truth" - they heard evidence and arguments from both sides (giving undue preference to the prosecution, usually.....) but would then construct their own "truth" - that "truth" could be entirely different in parts from anything that either the prosecution or defence had argued.

And this issue was one of the many failures of the Knox/Sollecito trials, as the Marasca panel correctly determined. It would be scary indeed to be on trial in Italy where the judge and judicial panel were allowed to consider themselves experts in everything, including complex scientific analysis, and where they were allowed to construct their own narrative of events which didn't have to match up with anything proposed by the prosecution or defence.

Italy desperately needs a root-and-branch reform of its criminal justice system. It needs to move to proper jury trials, with a judge acting as an overseer, director of the jury in law, and maintainer of order and discipline in the court. It needs to have one proper, fair trial per charge, with a fair appeals system only used if there are reasonable grounds. And it especially needs to sever the link (in every sense) between prosecutors and judges/courts - prosecutors are no longer the "seekers of truth": they are the presenters of the state's case against the accused, and should as such be viewed as partisan in exactly the same way as the defence are partisan.

By the way, I'm going to slow down in my participation in the debate. I'm really not getting enlightened or educated at this stage - it's all nothing more than countering froth, lies and nonsense or marking time. As and when there are more material developments in the case (which there will be), I'll be interested in discussing and debating them here. But all the boorish, ignorance-laced other stuff in between is neither interesting or valuable to me in any way.
 
That is utter bollocks. It is obvious Vecchiotti chickened out of testing the sample because her American pressurising friends of Amanda scientists were **** scared it was Mez' DNA.


So did "her American pressurising friends of Amanda scientists" have her paid off via the Gogerty Marriott Knox PR Juggernaut such that she "chickened out"? Or did they intimidate her into "chickening out"?

Or is it that there is absolutely no evidence whatsoever to support either contention? And that the obvious truth is that Vecchiotti was not "influenced" - by pressure, money or anything else - into reaching her conclusions? Thought so........
 
Crini questioned Vechiotti about her refusal to test sample 36(i). She tried to claim the limit was now 200 picogram when it had hitherto been 100 picograms. Crini squeezes it out of her that she was heavily influenced by pro-Knox US scientists and Prof Peter Gill. In other words, the 1951-born coroner who had worked in autopsy and in the legal medical field all her adult life knew perfectly well what the Italian Law standards were, but corruptly tried to change them in order to fulfil the US demands to free Knox whether she was guilty or not.

The great tragedy for the Kercher family is that Marasca has reinstalled this tainted and corrupt stance of Hellmann's, predicated on Vecchiotti's bent and crooked testimony.
MC: (Crini)... So, a rule universally recognized indicating so universally recognized mimino limit below which a biological trace can not be analyzed, or at least it is better not to analyze it?
CV (Vecchiotti):
200 picograms.
[...]
[...]
No, he didn't. MC in the quote is "Manuela Comodi". The quote itself is a google translated excerpt from this page: Conti-Vecchiotti Cross-Examination. The Cross-Examination took place on July 30, 2011. ;)
MC:
...per cui, una regola universalmente riconosciuta che indica in modo universalmente riconosciuto il limite mimino sotto il quale una traccia biologica non può essere analizzata, o quanto meno è meglio non analizzarla?
CV:
200 picogrammi.
 
Exactly exactly exactly. A fundamental failing in the Italian criminal justice system (one of many) is the way in which judges can appoint themselves as overarching experts, and can contradict true experts at will. It's all part of this ugly hangover from the inquisitorial system (and, arguably, from the last vestiges of Fascism) where judges (and their passive and compliant lay judicial panels) were empowered to determine "the truth" - they heard evidence and arguments from both sides (giving undue preference to the prosecution, usually.....) but would then construct their own "truth" - that "truth" could be entirely different in parts from anything that either the prosecution or defence had argued.

And this issue was one of the many failures of the Knox/Sollecito trials, as the Marasca panel correctly determined. It would be scary indeed to be on trial in Italy where the judge and judicial panel were allowed to consider themselves experts in everything, including complex scientific analysis, and where they were allowed to construct their own narrative of events which didn't have to match up with anything proposed by the prosecution or defence.

Italy desperately needs a root-and-branch reform of its criminal justice system. It needs to move to proper jury trials, with a judge acting as an overseer, director of the jury in law, and maintainer of order and discipline in the court. It needs to have one proper, fair trial per charge, with a fair appeals system only used if there are reasonable grounds. And it especially needs to sever the link (in every sense) between prosecutors and judges/courts - prosecutors are no longer the "seekers of truth": they are the presenters of the state's case against the accused, and should as such be viewed as partisan in exactly the same way as the defence are partisan.

By the way, I'm going to slow down in my participation in the debate. I'm really not getting enlightened or educated at this stage - it's all nothing more than countering froth, lies and nonsense or marking time. As and when there are more material developments in the case (which there will be), I'll be interested in discussing and debating them here. But all the boorish, ignorance-laced other stuff in between is neither interesting or valuable to me in any way.


Quite. After a trial in the USA or UK, Amanda and Raff would have received (a) the Death Penalty, (b) Life Without Parole, and in the UK (c) a whole life sentence, or at least a minimum of 20 years for the sheer depravity of their crimes.
 
It's right there in your profile that anyone can see. You had to voluntarily fill that out yourself. Nobody made you do it. Are you now stating that you were dishonest when you filled out your profile?

In which way is the following 'dishonest'?

Location
United Kingdom


You are just another one of these people who cannot admit they are wrong. :(
 
Quite. After a trial in the USA or UK, Amanda and Raff would have received (a) the Death Penalty, (b) Life Without Parole, and in the UK (c) a whole life sentence, or at least a minimum of 20 years for the sheer depravity of their crimes.


You do realise that there's zero credible, reliable evidence of their participation in the murder, don't you? They didn't commit any crimes, let alone "depraved" ones. MezzyWezzyBaby was murdered by Rudy Guede.

In the UK or US, in a competent court, therefore, Knox and Sollecito would without a shadow of a doubt have been acquitted. End of story.

(They almost certainly wouldn't have been charged and tried either.........)
 
Do read the Nencini report and then you can read Crini's testimony summary for yourself.

Crini is an Italian PROSECUTOR. How on earth do you think a prosecutor (who also believes in pagan sex conspiracies. He worked with Mignini on MOF) can refute two forensic DNA experts?


It would be very wise for you to stop using this site as a source. It is a known biased, nonsense site filled with gibberish written by psychopaths. Not a single expert was involved in its construction. It is pure propaganda and misinformation written by a bunch of losers who cannot admit when they are wrong.


Read Chiefi to discover how and why the Conti and Vecchiotti Report is fraudulent and 'intellectually dishonest'.

I've read it, and Chiefi is an idiot. Chiefi does not have the expertise to refute Conti and Vecchiotti. This is why the entire case was vacated by the Italian Supreme Court and every ACTUAL DNA expert has sided with the defense arguments. Amanda and Raffaele have been exonerated and it is backed by all the forensic science available, remember?

We have the bizarre logic of Hellmann that Amanda’s DNA on the knife handle is ‘strong’ but ‘Mez' is ‘contaminated’.

If you took two minutes to actually understand how DNA testing works, you would easily find that the quantity of Amanda's DNA was high (as expected since she used the knife for cooking) and required an entirely different set of analysis tools to genotype. Meredith's was not, it likely was not on the knife at all, and what was tested required LCN methods. Which were not performed properly by Stefanoni, per Peter Gill, the inventor of LCN analysis:

http://www.fsigenetics.com/article/S1872-4973(16)30033-3/abstract

V&C make much of US standards quoting at length from Budolwe and Gill about ‘stutter’ and false peaks when the RFU is below 50 (an arbitrary figure agreed by consensus by US standards).

If by "arbitrary" you mean deduced by statistical analysis to be a threshold which minimizes the risk of false positives and contamination events, then sure, lol. But that's not what you meant because you don't understand anything about DNA analysis.

If one looks at Vecchiotti’s CV it is impressive and lengthy. Born 1951 and having qualified in legal medicine from college age, Vecchiotti most certainly must know that Italian Forensics do adhere to Ensfi and ISO standards. In particular, she mightly ought to know that in Italy the RFU limit is 30, not the US 50.

Cite please. Never heard this before. Thus, given it is you, quite sure you just made it up or pulled it from one of your idiot friends over at PMF.

It is academic whether one limit is superior to the other, the point is, if that is the legal standard in Italy then it is vexatious to claim that the standard should have been that of an entirely different country instead.

Cite, since you have never told the truth about anything, ever. Literally, ever. It's pretty astounding.

And it's not academic. It is based on statistical analysis of rates of false positives/negatives and the probability of picking up a contamination event vs a real signal.

When there is low copy number, the risk of false readings because of ‘background noise’ (which is always there in any DNA sampling’) is higher, hence this cut-off point.

Yeah, that's part of it. So it's not arbitrary. Congratulations on contradicting yourself from one sentence to the next.

Often there will be fragments of random DNA which can be ignored as ‘contamination’, alien particles from elsewhere.

Oh you mean like Meredith's DNA on the incompatible knife blade because the LCN analysis wasn't done properly? Yeah, like that. Christ.

So we see Vecchiotti leaning heavily on the ideas of US -free-Amanda Knox advocacy scientists with academic ideas, which are far removed from what is legal statute. In other words, Hellmann jumps onto idealised hypotheses that the Italian forensic police should having been aiming for an impossibly perfect evaluation, with no uncertainty and no error - in the case of Amanda and Raff, but not for Rudy, it seems - when in the real world, evidence has to be assessed on its merits within the context of all the other evidence, in a court of law and not in an ivory tower.

Um, pretty sure Hellman (and every. Single. DNA. expert.) just wanted the people involved in the prosecution to follow proper lab protocols when analyzing the evidence and not kick a bra clasp around a murder scene for 46 days. There is a pretty wide gulf between that and "perfect analysis". Can you try to think for yourself for once rather than running to PMF for crackpot analysis and copy/pasting it here?

No valid court agrees 'Rudy did it by himself'. On the contrary.

1) don't care what a court thinks. Particularly the cluster-f that is an Italian court. We can think for ourselves and supplement our analysis with ALL the expert opinions on the forensics -- they all show Amanda and Raffaele are innocent.

2) In case you haven't heard the Supreme Court of Cassation (the highest appeals court in Italy) exonerated Amanda and Raffaele. They are free. Sorry, you guys lost. Horribly.

You don't know why a thermometer is important in a DNA laboratory? You claimed to be a DNA expert t'other day. The simple answer is, DNA degrades in heat. Thus the refrigerator needs to be kept at a constant low temperature.

A thermometer does not keep DNA cold Vixen. Holy Christ.

DNA is also incredibly stable at room temperature in certain states; in buffer, dried, etc. You are right that it is generally kept in a refrigerator or freezer. If you can't tell when a refrigerator is working or not without a thermometer I don't know what to tell you.

Yes, I do know a lot more about DNA than you, if you haven't noticed yet. Thanks for trying to explain to me why you need a thermometer to keep DNA cold. wtf.
 
Freelance journalist Andrea Vogt, who reported extensively on the case, said of the Marasca reasoning: ‘In my opinion, their report is superficial at best and intellectually dishonest at worst, when even the most minimal amount of Quellenkritik is applied’.

Andrea Vogt writes an incisive analysis of the US influence on the Conti & Vecchiotti reports, which I cannot better here, so do read it for yourself: http://thefreelancedesk.com/the-secret-u-s-forensic-defense-of-amanda-knox/

However, I will repeat her prophecy, ironic in hindsight:

“If Knox is acquitted at the end of this month, the quiet American hand in her forensic defense will be heralded as the turnkey that made the ultimate difference in her case. But if she is convicted, there are legitimate questions to be asked about exactly what public resources were spent on this international defense.”

Vogt uncovered what appears to be a whole secret network that she was unable to penetrate through the fog of Freedom of Information law, which enabled Hampikian to claim ‘trade secrets’ as a project of Boise University, where his laboratory is based, to evade the question of, ‘Who was funding his Amanda Knox advocacy work?’

The defence managed to convince the now expunged Hellmann court to appoint ‘independent experts’; the Chieffi Supreme Court ruled that, whilst this was within Hellmann’s remit, it did not provide adequate reasoning for doing so. Vecchiotti & Conti, remarkably, in their report, relied heavily on US standards, thus making the straw man claim that Italy hadn’t followed them, notwithstanding their strong academic and legal background in Italy. This therefore cannot have been due to ignorance, so we have to point to their own volition to be influenced by strongly Knox-advocates. For example, Hampikian, funded by Boise University grants and protected by a blanket of secrecy, citing ‘trade secrets’ when journalist Andrea Vogt requested information under the Freedom of Information statutes.

In addition, Bruce Budowle, a more conservative ex-FBI forensic expert, was heavily relied upon, together with peers Gill, et al. It was at this stage Gill may have got roped in. His later book draws on Vecchiotti &Conti’s Hellmann’s Report. Thus, we see a band of pro-Amanda Knox advocates determined to influence the so-called ‘independent’ experts, even when both Hampikian’s and Budowle’s reports were rejected as depositions by the courts. Even when ‘the experts’ were spiked by the Chieffi Supreme court, Hampikian was still averring, ‘I am involved in the Amanda Knox case’.

Friends of Amanda Knox even today lovingly quote Hellmann despite his de facto ex-communication from the judiciary.

On the subject of Dr Peter Gill, who is widely regarded as having influenced the Fifth Chambers, via Bongiorno’s Appeal, to which his theories were attached, is now drawing on Vecchiotti and Conti as his main source, so we have a case of the snakeoil slithering over the salesman, referred to devoutly by the defence, as ‘the father of forensic science’.

Ravings of a seriously ill loon. Did the team of "Amanda Knox forensic experts" bring down the twin towers too?

Have you ever stopped to ask yourself why ALL of the forensic experts have sided with the defense and you don't have a SINGLE INDEPENDENT EXPERT who has sided with Stefanoni's work? Hint: it's because the defense arguments are correct. There is no connection to the Illuminati, Vixen.
 
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Friends of Amanda Knox even today lovingly quote Hellmann despite his de facto ex-communication from the judiciary.

That's because Judge Hellmann is the one who ended AK's Italian nightmare by releasing her from prison, and de facto ended the case against her for all time.
 
Quite. After a trial in the USA or UK, Amanda and Raff would have received (a) the Death Penalty, (b) Life Without Parole, and in the UK (c) a whole life sentence, or at least a minimum of 20 years for the sheer depravity of their crimes.

Remember when I asked you how she would have been arrested in the UK, and you had to invent evidence that doesn't exist to come up with a reason (IIRC it was she would have been picked up on all the CCTVs around the country committing the crime.)

One of the few times you've let the truth inadvertently slip out, in this case that there was insufficient evidence to arrest without beating an illegal statement out of her in a black ops interrogation (that the UK police wouldn't do).
 
Ravings of a seriously ill loon. Did the team of "Amanda Knox forensic experts" bring down the twin towers too?

Have you ever stopped to ask yourself why ALL of the forensic experts have sided with the defense and you don't have a SINGLE INDEPENDENT EXPERT who has sided with Stefanoni's work? Hint: it's because the defense arguments are correct. There is no connection to the Illuminati, Vixen.

N.E.W. I had read it before, but it was not until my own back and forth with Vixen that the full weight of what Judge Nencici wrote in 2014 sunk in - remember: he was the one who the 2015 ISC said believed he'd been directed by the 2013 ISC to convict the pair.

In summarizing both Prof Novelli's 6 September 2011 testimony to the Hellmann court, as well as Prof Torricelli's testimony that same day, Judge Nencini in 2014 concludes with this:

Nencini page 215 said:
There remains the fact that only a single amplification was made, and that as correctly objected by the defense of the accused, in order to have a reliable attribution, international protocols call for at least one repetition of the amplification, which was not possible in the present case due to the small quantity in the sample.​
To repeat, Judge Nencini had just finished summarizing the prosecution's expert, Prof Novelli, and the civil party expert, Prof Torricelli.

And what does even the convicting judge conclude in summarizing their input? Nencini concludes that the defence was correct!!!!!!

In order to have a reliable attribution from the sample(s), multiple amplifications are part of international protocols, something that Novelli, Torricelli and now Nencini admit that Stefanoni did not do!

Vixen claimed that ISC judge Chieffi called Vecchiotti "intellectually dishonest". When challenged to provide a cite for that, she amended it to, "it is widely known that Vecchiotti was intellectually dishonest."

Vixen claimed that the second prosecutor, Crini, had questioned Vecchiotti about 36i. That is despite it being plainly marked that it was Manuela Comodi being plainly marked as doing that at the Hellmann trial.

Vixen claimed that Popovic stated that Sollecito "seemed off his head", despite that she actually never said that, and the second time she went to his apartment on Nov 1 (c. 8:40 pm) she never saw him at all.

Vixen posted a picture of the window underneath Filomena's window claiming that there were no bars on the window, despite the picture plainly showing that there were.

Vixen has claimed that the entire world collection of forensic-DNA experts have come to the conclusion that Conti-Vecchiotti were right; but Vixen says this is not because of the evidence, but because they have been bought off by a well-moneyed international conspiracy.

Then.................

In response to the question - "name one independent forensic-DNA expert who agrees with Stefanoni's work" - Vixen offers Prof Novelli and Prof Torricelli.

And even the convicting Judge from 2014 writes that the proper summary of their testimony to the Hellmann trial on 6 September 2011 is........

THAT THE DEFENCE WAS RIGHT - that in order to have a reliable attribution, international protocols call for at least one repetition of the amplification.

It seems that even the convicting judge agrees that Stefanoni did not follow international protocols. That Stefanoni brought unreliable forensic-DNA data to the court. This is the convicting judge!!!! And the convicting judge arrives at this by summarizing prosecution expert witnesses.

One wonders why this PR-guilt effort has to rely on stuff like this, if they're so sure the pair are guilty. Why does the PR-effort have to post untruth after untruth after untruth?
 
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N.E.W. I had read it before, but it was not until my own back and forth with Vixen that the full weight of what Judge Nencici wrote in 2014 sunk in - remember: he was the one who the 2015 ISC said believed he'd been directed by the 2013 ISC to convict the pair.

In summarizing both Prof Novelli's 6 September 2011 testimony to the Hellmann court, as well as Prof Torricelli's testimony that same day, Judge Nencini in 2014 concludes with this:

To repeat, Judge Nencini had just finished summarizing the prosecution's expert, Prof Novelli, and the civil party expert, Prof Torricelli.

And what does even the convicting judge conclude in summarizing their input? Nencini concludes that the defence was correct!!!!!!

In order to have a reliable attribution from the sample(s), multiple amplifications are part of international protocols, something that Novelli, Torricelli and now Nencini admit that Stefanoni did not do!

Vixen claimed that ISC judge Chieffi called Vecchiotti "intellectually dishonest". When challenged to provide a cite for that, she amended it to, "it is widely known that Vecchiotti was intellectually dishonest."

Vixen claimed that the second prosecutor, Crini, had questioned Vecchiotti about 36i. That is despite it being plainly marked that it was Manuela Comodi being plainly marked as doing that at the Hellmann trial.

Vixen claimed that Popovic stated that Sollecito "seemed off his head", despite that she actually never said that, and the second time she went to his apartment on Nov 1 (c. 8:40 pm) she never saw him at all.

Vixen posted a picture of the window underneath Filomena's window claiming that there were no bars on the window, despite the picture plainly showing that there were.

Vixen has claimed that the entire world collection of forensic-DNA experts have come to the conclusion that Conti-Vecchiotti were right; but Vixen says this is not because of the evidence, but because they have been bought off by a well-moneyed international conspiracy.

Then.................

In response to the question - "name one independent forensic-DNA expert who agrees with Stefanoni's work" - Vixen offers Prof Novelli and Prof Torricelli.

And even the convicting Judge from 2014 writes that the proper summary of their testimony to the Hellmann trial on 6 September 2011 is........

THAT THE DEFENCE WAS RIGHT - that in order to have a reliable attribution, international protocols call for at least one repetition of the amplification.

It seems that even the convicting judge agrees that Stefanoni did not follow international protocols. That Stefanoni brought unreliable forensic-DNA data to the court. This is the convicting judge!!!! And the convicting judge arrives at this by summarizing prosecution expert witnesses.

One wonders why this PR-guilt effort has to rely on stuff like this, if they're so sure the pair are guilty. Why does the PR-effort have to post untruth after untruth after untruth?

If the prosecution have a mountain of evidence and a slam dunk case you should never have to resort to lying to argue your case. Vixen who constantly has to resort to lying in her posts to argue her case as detailed above said of Amanda that an innocent does not need to lie. Yet another example of Vixen's hypocrisy.
 
There appears to be some confusion, distortion, or misrepresentation in the text of one or more posts in the thread about what constitutes LCN DNA and the technical and legal issues involved with LCN DNA. Here is some information from an objective source:

Source:

https://www.promega.com/resources/profiles-in-dna/2010/what-is-lcn-definitions-and-challenges/

Author: Charlotte Wood, Consultant, Human DNA Identification Testing, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
Publication Date: 2010

LCN DNA (also now termed low template DNA or LT DNA) may refer to any situation where a small amount of DNA is present in a sample based on the sample type (e.g., an item that has been handled) and/or the estimated quantity of DNA determined using routine quantification assays. Samples containing <100–200 pg of total DNA available for amplification fall into the range generally considered to be LCN DNA by most practitioners. ... More recently, LCN has been used to refer to any DNA sample or DNA profile where stochastic effects (e.g., allele and locus drop-out, heterozygous peak height imbalance and elevated stutter peaks) are likely present and/or where the alleles detected are below a laboratory-defined stochastic threshold (see accompanying article by Dr. John Butler for further discussion). Regardless of whether a quantitative-, technological- and/or qualitative profile-based definition is used, the term LCN or LT DNA generally refers to any situation where: 1) the amount of DNA available for amplification is limited due to small sample size or other factors (e.g., DNA degradation, PCR inhibition), and 2) interpreting the resulting DNA profile may require more considerations than interpreting single-source or mixed DNA profiles generated using higher amounts of DNA due to the potential for incomplete DNA profiles. Other rarely recognized definitions have arisen in court documentation (e.g., quantity of DNA on a slot blot quantitation assay, any amount of DNA below the manufacturer’s recommendation).
....
Due to the variety of definitions being used, it is imperative that scientists carefully define the terms or use more descriptive language. This would avoid the perception that there is a lack of consensus in the scientific community and a subsequent lack of reliability, which may be a concern for the courts. In anticipation of possible future challenges it is advised that laboratories and attorneys prepare to address the scientific and legal issues regarding admissibility of evidence in criminal courts as more laboratories are testing smaller amounts of DNA from a wide variety of evidence samples.
Recommendations for the laboratory are: 1) conduct comprehensive validation studies of all techniques used in the laboratory, with particular focus on sensitivity, mixture and nonprobative-sample studies, to develop stochastic thresholds and interpretation policies that accurately reflect the data obtained and the limitations of the test system; 2) develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) very closely aligned with the procedures used in the validation studies; 3) report what can be defended scientifically using report wording and statistical calculations that accurately reflect the data obtained without bias; 4) make SOP, validation studies and electronic data (where printed profiles are inadequate for profile quality assessment) available in discovery; 5) provide ample training to analysts regarding validation studies, procedures and policies, and interpretation of DNA profiles with limitations prior to beginning DNA casework; and 6) use caution to not "overinterpret" the data by recognizing that some samples may have insufficient data to definitively include or exclude an individual as a possible contributor, resulting in an “inconclusive” statement.

Relevant to the AK - RS case, the lab technician, P. Stefanoni, did not do any of the recommended steps listed above, and, while denying in court testimony that she had ever heard of contamination in her lab, provided incomplete data - not including the raw data critical to evaluating the alleged DNA evidence - that nevertheless demonstrated several instances of DNA contamination in positive and negative controls.
 
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Here's some additional relevant information regarding LCN DNA profiling.

Source: www.denverda.org/dna_documents/lcn dna article gill.pdf

Application of Low Copy Number DNA Profiling
Peter Gill
Forensic Science Service, Trident Court, Birmingham, UK

Croatian Medical Journal 42(3):229-232,2001

Because there is a serious possibility of transferring
LCN DNA from a modern source, to either minimize
the chance of contamination or to identify an occurrence,
we use the following guidelines:
1. DNA extractions and setting up PCR reactions
are carried out in a dedicated laboratory.
2. Personnel wear disposable laboratory coats,
gloves, and face masks.
3. Benches and equipment are frequently treated
with bleach (or equivalent) and irradiated with UV
light.
4. PCR amplification is carried out in a separate
laboratory or laboratory area.
5. Negative controls are used with every test to
demonstrate absence of contamination.
6. PCR tests are duplicated wherever possible.
....

DNA can be transferred at any time before, during,
and after the crime. The foregoing discussion has
covered the possibility of adventitious transfer at a period
before the crime and it is implicit that the DNA
profile matches a suspect. If the DNA profile does not
match the suspect, then post-crime transfer must be
considered. Contamination is transfer of DNA after
the crime event. Potential sources of contamination
are:
a) Investigative officers, pathologists, etc, at the
crime scene;
b) Laboratory staff;
c) Cross contamination from samples processed in the laboratory, e.g., by aerosol; and
d) Plastic-ware contamination (may be contaminated
at the manufacturing source).
….

Effectively, the strength of the LCN DNA evidence
is decreased compared to conventional DNA
analysis. This inevitably arises from uncertainties relating
to the method of transfer of DNA to a surface
and uncertainties relating to when the DNA was
transferred. It is emphasized that the relevance of the
DNA evidence in a case can only be assessed by a
concurrent consideration of all the non-DNA evidence.

Dr. Gill's article was published in 2001, and thus it clearly cannot be considered as reflecting some bias resulting from the Kercher case or the accusations against Knox and Sollecito. It does represent conclusions from an actual scientific expert in DNA and LCN DNA profiling who conducted studies relevant to forensics.
 
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