I am reading about 'quantum Darwinism' (QD). I do not claim to be an expert on QD. However, let me present what I conjecture is the 'observer' in QD. As far as I understand it:
The observer is any complex system with discrete 'indicator states'. A 'complex system' is a quantum system with a very large number of degrees of freedom. In other words, it is a 'wave function' with lots of independent variables. An indicator state is a sum of eigenvalues that correspond to what humans have evolved to call 'measurements'. If the indicator states were really isolated from the rest of the observer, then they could remain in mixed states. However, these mixed states are unstable in the complex wave function. Eventually, the wave function of the complex system evolves into a pure state.
The sensory organs are one type of observer. The wave functions for a typical sensory organ contain many degrees of freedom.
The mammalian retina is one example. The typical retina can have millions atoms whose eigenvalues each of which will transition in the course of time over a large range of eigenvalues. There are molecules attached to the retina that we designate by the chemical name 'rhodopsin'. The 'indicator states' are geometric configurations of the rhodopsin molecule. They are affected by the presence of an electromagnetic wave which is also a quantum system.
Light can cause the rhodopsin molecule to be in a mixed state of geometric states. However, the rest of the retina makes the mixed state unstable. So the system 'collapses' into a pure indicator state.
Whew! Well, I am just starting with QD. Never the less, the brain is not in and of itself causing the collapse. The 'collapse' occurs in a short time within the retina. The collapse, also called decoherence, is basically a thermal process. It is random in the sense of unpredictable only because the observer is too complex to be known in its entirety.
The following analogy is conjectured by me. The observer is basically a wave with so much complexity that no one can characterize it completely. The quantum system is random in the sense that turbulence is random. While turbulence involves complex systems made of classical particles, quantum Darwinism involves complex wave forms consistent with quantum mechanics. In the way
The brain, as I see it, is sufficient but not necessary for decoherence. The brain is very complex in the sense of having a large number of degrees of freedom. It also has a large number of indicator states which refer to the most stable combinations of wave functions. So it can itself be an observer in the sense of causing decoherence. However, one can have decoherence without a brain.
Experiments have been done demonstrating decoherence of a quantum system triggered (electrons, molecules) merely by thermal radiation. The thermal radiation is obviously not a 'brain' in any sense. Yet, it does what physicists would call a 'measurement'. The 'measurement' IS the onset of decoherence.
I would state it this way. Observation, as described by physicists, is the onset of decoherence. The decoherence is caused by a very complex quantum system, the measurement apparatus, interacting with a simpler quantum system. The complex system does not have a brain or even consciousness, whatever that is. The 'observer' just has to be very complex.
Even thermal radiation can be an 'observer', in this sense. Thermal radiation is very complex, in that it has a large number of independent components.