And here is the analysis to which your quote refers.
The ANSYS model doesn't support the above statement at all, and neither do the figures that you posted. You should by now realise that this was a "judgement" call by NIST.
Here it is at 3.5 hours - no failure in that beam. Look at it for the other times, you will not find that the beam has failed in any of the ANSYS analytics.
Where do you get the 3.5 hours from? Are you making that up? This other similar paragraph is from page 504, under a section titled "
Building Response at 4.0 h".
Floors 10, 11, and 12. On Floors 10, 11, and 12 (Figure 11-32, Figure 11-33, and Figure 11-34), the girder between Columns 76 and 79 failed due to a tensile weld failure in the knife connection on the west side of Column 79. Temperatures in this region were less than 100 °C on these floors. The tensile force in the connection was due to an eastward lateral displacement of Column 79, which was primarily caused by thermal expansion of the girder between Column 76 and Column 79 at Floor 13.
This is not a "judgement call". This is NIST reporting on the breakage of the connections at these floors that ANSYS showed, and explaining the reason.
Right up to 4 hours, when girders and beams are supposedly failing all over the place, still there is no failure in that beam. How can it therefore push the columns apart without expanding enough to damage the connections???
So yes, you're saying that NIST lied when they reported the breakage of the connections at other floors and attributed it to the expansion of the girder at floor 13. But you're also implying that somehow they didn't lie about the status of the connections of that girder. Weird, very weird.
THERE IS NO BUCKLING OR END CONNECTION IN THE BEAM.
If it buckled, it would not have been able to push the column. It didn't.
As for breakage of the connection, that was a knife connection that has no contact element, so probably the break elements only failed in tension, not in compression. Even if the bolts broke, the girder could still push on the column, held between the double angles.
As noted previously, the ANSYS analysis used a non-linear static procedure with an implicit solution algorithm that solved for equilibrium at each time step, but did not account for the dynamic effects of
falling debris from framing failures in the floor systems. Based on preliminary analyses in LS-DYNA, which included the effects of dynamics caused bydebris impact from failed floor sections and engineering judgment, the level of failures, damage, and thermal weakening in ANSYS at 4.0 h was identified as likely to result in an initiating event in an LS-DYNA analysis
Have you read the rest of that quote? Have you read the context? You really don't pay attention and just quote blindly, don't you?
The section is titled "
Floor Failures Leading to an Initial Failure Event".
See that?
FLOOR failures! Not connection failures.
And the quote mentions that the ANSYS analysis didn't account for falling debris of failed floors, therefore it didn't, and couldn't, show a partial collapse of the floors. The only way to account for that was by "engineering judgment"
because ANSYS did not account for it.
They are not talking about a judgement call on the walk-off. They are talking about a judgement call on a cascade of failures of the floors, that left one side of the column completely unsupported horizontally for several floors.
So, you have failed this time; try again. What proof do you have that NIST didn't monitor the distance of walk-off as they said they did, and instead used their own judgement call to determine walk-off? And what proof do you have that they did the same for girder expansion between C76 and C79?
NIST got it horribly wrong.
Look at their LSDYNA modelling of the connection. It is not even the correct type of connection.
We're not discussing the global LS-DYNA collapse yet. Don't gish-gallop. Let's settle this first.