The Numbers
NASA researchers did a study in 2011 to estimate the number of deaths would have been caused if fossil-fuel burning was used instead of the nuclear energy that was used to produce electricity from 1971-2009. Using numbers that include deaths related to all aspects of the source, including the mining and the actual power generation, the team estimated that 5,000 deaths were caused by the use of nuclear power, including accidents and cancer deaths caused by radiation fallout.
So does 5,000 seem high? Over 38 years, nuclear power generation has caused about 5,000 deaths,
but
the NASA research team also estimates that using nuclear instead of coal and natural gas has saved over 1,800,000 lives.
The team also calculated that if coal or natural gas replaced nuclear use until 2050, natural gas would cause an additional 420,000 deaths, and coal would cause about 7,000,000 deaths.