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Bart Ehrman on the Historical Jesus

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JaysonR

I only brought that in as a reference to the root for the concept that is the Gospel account of physical resurrection culture and not as a resting point of the conversation.
But the basis of what we today call "the Gospel account" is Paul. Later authors, not necessarily Jews nor writing for a Jewish audience, may have their own ideas or their own takes on issues for which we lack Paul's teaching (does the spirit-body retain scars from wounds inflicted on the meat-body, as a proto-Beetlejuice myth? or is it 'glorified,' as Moses and Elijah - and meat-Jesus, for that matter - appear to be in the transfiguration episode?)

It seems to me that the "solution" to the many known problems of the pneuma-body was to combine features attributed by earlier sources to demons with features observed in carnal bodies, to create a new synthesis. Combinations of things into units with attributes of both aren't rare in artistic or literary thinking. Centuars, harpies, Medusa, Pan ... Robocop... and we might even include "conceptual" grotesques, like "virgin mother."

I am not saying that study of antecedents is empty. No doubt cultural attitudes towards both persistent adult virginity and also girlish unwed motherhood inform the new entity's attributes, but the combination cannot be completely inferred from the antecedents Once in play, you then have derivative entities (like Thecla, virgin lion-tamer) whose properties cannot be derived from earlier antecedents unless the once-novelty (the "virgin mother") is included in the analysis.

...the various large infrastructures of Christian council hold that Jesus was physically resurrected and rest upon a physical resurrection for the access to their salvation.
This is not in dispute. The discussion concerns the character of the resurrection process. The councils are silent on whether or not the process leaves junked parts. My car is no less physical because I change worn-out tires for new ones. The old tires don't vanish, but they are not part of the car anymore.

That car is also, since this has come up with another poster, fairly described as "the same car," except with different parts.

No, I state that a finding of Jesus' physical remains would be problematic simply because almost all major Christian factions assert a reliance upon the physical resurrection of Jesus for access to their salvation.
All new information is "problematic," since it must be integrated into a coherent body of beliefs. Effort to update belief does not imply abandonment of core beliefs which do not contradict new facts. Junking parts is compatible with the physicality of the refubished entitty.

If we are going to go all cultural on this problem, then cultures change as to notions of what physicalness is, and what identicalness means. In our culture, we have the "Star Trek transporter" problem: isn't it just an elaborate way to commit suicide? "Your" body is destroyed. And yet, to the evident satisfaction of many viewers, the "same body" emerges, in part because we can accept that "livining identity" may lie not in a collection of specific molecules, but in the information about how molecules of their kinds are arranged in space.

No doubt a First Century person would simply be baffled, although that wouldn't stop a Talmudic rabbi from offering an opinion about it.

If for no other agency (and there certainly are several others), the Catholic orthodoxy holds this position and the Catholic variation of Christianity accounts for over half (1.2 Billion) of the total Christian population of the world (2.18 Billion).
Great. So, all you need to do is to show me the paragraph in the Catechism that states or implies: "Although there is no limit whatsoever to Almighty God's powers, he cannot possibly have created a resurrection body using any new parts and must have completely used up any old parts." Sorry to put you to the trouble, but I just can't remember ever reading that.

Or. let me be plainer. I am unaware of any teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that is incompatible with their displaying Jesus' bones on the main altar of Saint Peter's, and charging an admission fee to view them.
 
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Ian,
It does not matter how illogical the perspective is, or how we may prove it wrong; that is the Catholic view and understanding.

The point is regarding the impact upon their belief, not on our logical reasonings from reading the Bible or studying history.

It is irrelevant what we present the texts to actually state, if the Christian mass common belief is that Jesus was a tulip and we point out that the texts states he was a man, then the common Christian belief remains that Jesus was a tulip.

Is the Catholic orthodoxy flexible with the Bible?
Holy Trinity.



I am not trying to tell you that Christians in general or the church hierarchy in particular will accept logic or reason. Clearly they do not, because they already believe in a supernatural Jesus and a supernatural God.

What I have said to you is that they will very easily find a justification within the NT for any position they wish to declare on such things as the resurrection of Jesus. And in particular, I just quoted the example of what Paul's letter says, where contrary to what you just quoted from it, that letter specifically says that Jesus was not resurrected in the physical human flesh, that the resurrection is not in the physical body but as a “spiritual body”, and that “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God”, etc. etc.

How much clearer do you want that to be.
 
I am not trying to tell you that Christians in general or the church hierarchy in particular will accept logic or reason. Clearly they do not, because they already believe in a supernatural Jesus and a supernatural God.

What I have said to you is that they will very easily find a justification within the NT for any position they wish to declare on such things as the resurrection of Jesus. And in particular, I just quoted the example of what Paul's letter says, where contrary to what you just quoted from it, that letter specifically says that Jesus was not resurrected in the physical human flesh, that the resurrection is not in the physical body but as a “spiritual body”, and that “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God”, etc. etc.

How much clearer do you want that to be.



A Pauline writer claimed that OVER 500 persons, Cephas, the twelve disciples, the Apostles, James and he himself was seen of the Resurrected Jesus.

The Pauline writings are about a physical Bodily Resurrection of the character called the Lord Jesus, the Son of God.

The Pauline Corpus is compatible with the teachings of the Church that Jesus the Son of God Bodily Resurrected.

All Apologetic sources of antiquity that used the Pauline Corpus also claimed Jesus BODILY Resurrected.

Apologetic writers used the Pauline Corpus AGAINST Marcion and the Marcionites who claimed the Son of God was without a Body.

The Pauline Corpus was invented in attempt to corroborate a Fictitious event that could NOT have happened.

The very NT is about the non-historical Bodily Resurrection of the Lord Jesus, the Son of God.

1 Corinthians 15:15 KJV
Yea, and we are found false witnesses of God; because we have testified of God that he raised up Christ: whom he raised not up , if so be that the dead rise not.
 
I think that the proposal that Midas existed, and that the golden touch myth is a distorted recollection of the effect of the introduction of stamped metal currency, is too modest a hypothesis to be described as Euhemerism. It doesn't imply that all myths are based on fact, which seems to be the defining feature of Euhemerus' theory. It is not surely in dispute that at least some myths are based on fact. Moreover, Midas was not a god. He was always stated to be a king. His historicity is less surprising than it would be to discover that YHWH was originally a petty chief of one of the bands of Semitic-speaking "Hyksos" who invaded Egypt during the Bronze Age, or something of that kind.

In terms of your post, the historicity of Midas is more "Herodotism" than full-blown Euhemerism.

Actually, Midas has a variety of myth stories about him. In one variant his mother is Cybele, a "goddess" making King Midas a demi-god.

I should point out that many words translated into English as "god" do NOT actually have that meaning. Numen from Latin is actually closer to the Japanese word Kami then the English word god though in translations is it treated as if it was Deus. So Zeus and a Dryad are both numen but only one is a true deus (sometimes to clarify Zeus is called deus Zeus)

So we need to be leery of the use of god in translations.

In a modern usage Euhemerism is "the theory that myths are distorted accounts of real historical events" (Honko, Lauri. "The Problem of Defining Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. p. 45) Please note this modern definition says nothing about Apotheosisation (deification of a person).

To grossly over simplify things Euhemerism is basically myth as legend. So Robin Hood and King Arthur are as much a Euhemerism as is claimed about the Jesus story--"distorted accounts of real historical events"

Clement of Alexandria stated "Those to whom you bow were once men like yourselves." "Thus Euhemerism became a favorite weapon of the Christian polemicists, a weapon they made use of at every turn" (Seznec (1995) The Survival of the Pagan Gods Princeton University Press pg 12-13)

So we are back to "Osiris, Attis, Adonis were men. They died as men; they rose as gods." and "When we say that Jesus Christ was produced without sexual union, was crucified and died, and rose again, and ascended to heaven, we propound nothing new or different from what you believe regarding those whom you call the sons of Jupiter." statements.

By comparing Jesus to Jupiter (Zeus), Justin Martyr has effectively joined them at the hip--either they both are total fictions or they are Euhemerisms of real men. So why do we say Zeus is a myth and call it a day? :boggled:
 
Is it silly to claim scholars who refute the mythicist position are biased?

Yes, there's no need to worry about Ehrman's 'motivation' if he has an argument.

All the blather about 'myhticists motivated by greed' or 'mythicists motivated by anti-religious bias' and so on that Ehrman and others float are just red herrings.

Glass houses.
 
An interesting twisting of words, there. I said "biased Christians", not just "Christians". Being a Christian is fine by me, so long as you can be objective in your conclusions.

Don't get all twisted up about parsing of words.

Being anti-religious is fine so long as the conclusions are warranted.

Which is why Ehrman's ad hominems against sceptics are rather off base.
 
As I said a long time ago this Euhemerisim was the go to for history from nearly the get go:

Herodotus (c484 – 425 BCE), the father of history, had argued that myths were distorted accounts of real historical events. Euhemerus (4th century - 3rd century BCE) took that idea and kicked it up to the next level suggesting that all myths had some basis in historical fact. (Spence, Lewis (1921) An introduction to mythology p. 42)

"The work is of immense importance, for Euhemerus proposes that myth is history in disguise, that deities were originally living men and women who were elevated to divine status because of heroic feats when alive." (Neusner, Jacob; Alan Jeffery Avery-Peck (2007) Encyclopedia of religious and philosophical writings in late antiquity Brill, Page 369)

But we don't even talk about the possibility about Zeus being a mortal king who was buried on Crete as Euhemerus did and the idea Heracles was a flesh and blood man who by birth was an Egyptian and was a king in Argos (accepted by Eusebius in the 4th century CE) would get a hairy eyeball.

"Osiris, Attis, Adonis were men. They died as men; they rose as gods." (Hastings, James; John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray (1919) Encyclopædia of religion and ethics, Volume 10) was true for a lot of mythology.

It would appear Euhemerism is an idea that got resurrected in the 18th century. ;)
 
The claim that the Pauline writer wrote of a spiritual resurrection of the Lord Jesus is completely contrary to the Pauline Corpus and the teachings of the Church.

In Philippians 3 A Pauline writer claimed he was a Hebrew of Hebrews and a PHARISEE.

Philippians 3.
5 circumcised the eighth day, of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews ; as to the Law, a Pharisee..

Now, PHARISEES believe the spirit is IMMORATAL--THE SPIRIT DO NOT DIE.

The spirit is immortal and incorruptible.

Examine Josephus' writings.

Wars of the Jews 2.8.14
the Pharisees are those who are esteemed most skillful in the exact explication of their laws.....They say that all souls are incorruptible, but that the souls of good men only are removed into other bodies, - but that the souls of bad men are subject to eternal punishment.
..
Antiquities of the Jews 18.1.3
3. Now, for the Pharisees..... They also believe that souls have an immortal rigor in them...

Based on Josephus, if Paul was a Pharisee then he would believe that the Body was Mortal and corruptible but the Spirit was immortal and incorruptible.

There would be no need to claim the spirit of Jesus resurrected when it was NEVER believed to have died.

It was the supposed Body of Jesus which was DEAD so the resurrection refers to the Bodily resurrection of Jesus.

The NT and Entire Pauline Corpus is about the Fictitious Non-historical account of the Bodily Resurrection of the Lord Jesus the Son of God.

1 Corinthians 15:15 KJV
Yea, and we are found false witnesses of God; because we have testified of God that he raised up Christ: whom he raised not up , if so be that the dead rise not.
 
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Yes, there's no need to worry about Ehrman's 'motivation' if he has an argument.

All the blather about 'myhticists motivated by greed' or 'mythicists motivated by anti-religious bias' and so on that Ehrman and others float are just red herrings.

Glass houses.
You have not answered my question, and your failure to do so is deliberate. Are similar attacks made in the other direction permissible? If it is not in order to accuse mythicists of bias, is it in order to accuse historicists of bias? You understand my question, and it admits of an extremely simple answer, which I would be most grateful to receive.
 
You have not answered my question, and your failure to do so is deliberate. Are similar attacks made in the other direction permissible? If it is not in order to accuse mythicists of bias, is it in order to accuse historicists of bias? You understand my question, and it admits of an extremely simple answer, which I would be most grateful to receive.




If for the moment we are talking of what Bart Ehrman has said, then iirc the opening sections of his book are mostly a dismissive tirade against so-called “mythicists” who he says deny what is according to him the “certainty of Jesus” agreed by “virtually every properly trained scholar on the planet”. And iirc, in the midst of that he even brought up holocaust deniers.

But more generally, as I have pointed out many times, even way back in the Piggy thread before any of the last three HJ threads began, the people you are calling “historians” are actually bible scholars almost all of whom entered that profession as a result of already being highly committed devout Christian theists believing very strongly in God and Jesus. Some of them, such as Dominic Crossan are even ex priests, and some were also at least at one time evangelising creationists. On which matter I also quoted to you from the book by Hector Avalos, who is a professor of biblical studies at Iowa State Univ., where he has highlighted that sort of religious background as a problem which is recognised within the profession itself; i.e. a historic lack of neutrality which has always been widespread, if not almost universal, amongst practitioners in that subject.

Against that, on the sceptic side, there are far fewer sceptics who have written extensively on the issue of why they think Jesus may not have existed. But iirc, most sceptics who have written on the historicity of Jesus, do say that they were at one time were themselves Christian believers, if only their teenage years. But for various reasons they eventually rejected that religious faith. Or else, if not actually ever Christian theists, they mostly seem to say that they did at one time believe Jesus was real. But they believed that because, as they themselves often explain, they simply took it on trust that the church was correct to say there was never any dispute about the reality of Jesus … it was only when sceptics such as Carrier, Avalos, Price began to look seriously at what the claimed evidence was, that they began to realise that there actually is no credible evidence.

More generally, as far as atheists as a whole are concerned, afaik most (like me) really don’t care whether Jesus existed or not, at least not from any point of view of atheism which is really just a fact of not believing in a supernatural God. There are other reasons why any of us might take an interest in how poor the evidence of Jesus turns out actually to be, which no doubt came as a surprise to many of us … but atheism has nothing really to do with whether Jesus was real or not, so in that sense it’s really not a matter in which many (if any) atheists that I know would even bother to think about as a matter needing a biased defence.
 
If <snip> defence.
Why can you not honestly state what you believe rather than bore us with this outrageous drivel. If you think all historicists are religious propagandists, as you do, than why hide the fact? You are simply making yourself look devious.
 
It would appear Euhemerism is an idea that got resurrected in the 18th century. ;)

Bad pun there. :rolleyes:

Seriously, to have been resurrected Euhemerism as an idea would have had to died at some place and there is no real evidence that it did.

Sure, some individual myths (like Pope Joan) have been abandoned but the main concept of Euhemerism remained as demonstrated by the myths of King Arthur and Robin Hood survived.

The problem with Euhemerism as a whole is we know that the idea that all myth is "history in disguise" is nonsense. Per Bulfinch 'there are myths which arose from the desire of man to account for those natural phenomena which could not understand' There are also myths that simply exist to give a reason for the names of places and persons.

Take the myth of Persephone. It is to explain why there is a winter...it is Demeter pining for her daughter Persephone, the (unwilling?) bride of Hades who must be with her husband for part of the year.
 
I will have the discussion with you, Dejudge, when you can answer my questions.

Another, what Judaic practice today is related to the old practices of warding off unclean spirits?

Stand-Up Comedy?...

Thanks, I needed the laugh after a most trying double session of work.



Actually, Midas has a variety of myth stories about him. In one variant his mother is Cybele, a "goddess" making King Midas a demi-god.

I should point out that many words translated into English as "god" do NOT actually have that meaning. Numen from Latin is actually closer to the Japanese word Kami then the English word god though in translations is it treated as if it was Deus. So Zeus and a Dryad are both numen but only one is a true deus (sometimes to clarify Zeus is called deus Zeus)

So we need to be leery of the use of god in translations.

In a modern usage Euhemerism is "the theory that myths are distorted accounts of real historical events" (Honko, Lauri. "The Problem of Defining Myth". Sacred Narrative: Readings in the Theory of Myth. Ed. Alan Dundes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. p. 45) Please note this modern definition says nothing about Apotheosisation (deification of a person).

To grossly over simplify things Euhemerism is basically myth as legend. So Robin Hood and King Arthur are as much a Euhemerism as is claimed about the Jesus story--"distorted accounts of real historical events"

Clement of Alexandria stated "Those to whom you bow were once men like yourselves." "Thus Euhemerism became a favorite weapon of the Christian polemicists, a weapon they made use of at every turn" (Seznec (1995) The Survival of the Pagan Gods Princeton University Press pg 12-13)

So we are back to "Osiris, Attis, Adonis were men. They died as men; they rose as gods." and "When we say that Jesus Christ was produced without sexual union, was crucified and died, and rose again, and ascended to heaven, we propound nothing new or different from what you believe regarding those whom you call the sons of Jupiter." statements.

By comparing Jesus to Jupiter (Zeus), Justin Martyr has effectively joined them at the hip--either they both are total fictions or they are Euhemerisms of real men. So why do we say Zeus is a myth and call it a day? :boggled:

Thanks for a most informative post.
Curiously enough I have a kami in my house, at least so my Japanese colleagues say. So it must be true, right?
 
Great. So, all you need to do is to show me the paragraph in the Catechism that states or implies: "Although there is no limit whatsoever to Almighty God's powers, he cannot possibly have created a resurrection body using any new parts and must have completely used up any old parts." Sorry to put you to the trouble, but I just can't remember ever reading that.

Or. let me be plainer. I am unaware of any teaching of the Roman Catholic Church that is incompatible with their displaying Jesus' bones on the main altar of Saint Peter's, and charging an admission fee to view them.

ARTICLE 5
The condition of Christ's risen humanity

"By means of touch and the sharing of a meal, the risen Jesus establishes direct contact with his disciples. He invites them in this way to recognize that he is not a ghost and above all to verify that the risen body in which he appears to them is the same body that had been tortured and crucified, for it still bears the traces of his Passion."
"At Jesus' Resurrection his body is filled with the power of the Holy Spirit: he shares the divine life in his glorious state, so that St. Paul can say that Christ is "the man of heaven"."​
""If Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain." The Resurrection above all constitutes the confirmation of all Christ's works and teachings. All truths, even those most inaccessible to human reason, find their justification if Christ by his Resurrection has given the definitive proof of his divine authority, which he had promised."​
"by his death, Christ liberates us from sin; by his Resurrection, he opens for us the way to a new life."​
"Christ's Resurrection - and the risen Christ himself is the principle and source of our future resurrection"

"Christ, "the first-born from the dead" (Col 1:18), is the principle of our own resurrection, even now by the justification of our souls (cf. Rom 6:4), and one day by the new life he will impart to our bodies (cf.: Rom 8:11)."​


There is also Article 11

"I BELIEVE IN THE RESURRECTION OF THE BODY"
"The Christian Creed - the profession of our faith in God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and in God's creative, saving, and sanctifying action - culminates in the proclamation of the resurrection of the dead on the last day and in life everlasting.

We firmly believe, and hence we hope that, just as Christ is truly risen from the dead and lives for ever, so after death the righteous will live for ever with the risen Christ and he will raise them up on the last day. Our resurrection, like his own, will be the work of the Most Holy Trinity:

If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will give life to your mortal bodies also through his Spirit who dwells in you.

The term "flesh" refers to man in his state of weakness and mortality. The "resurrection of the flesh" (the literal formulation of the Apostles' Creed) means not only that the immortal soul will live on after death, but that even our "mortal body" will come to life again.

Belief in the resurrection of the dead has been an essential element of the Christian faith from its beginnings. "The confidence of Christians is the resurrection of the dead; believing this we live."
How can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead? But if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised; if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain.... But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep.
"​

----

To summarize, the Catholic church holds that the same physical body as that which was tortured and crucified (not a different one) was resurrected and that body was immersed into the Holy Spirit through that event and that same body was glorified in divinity at that moment which gave that same body of Jesus that was tortured and crucified unlimited power over space and time, and that only because this event took place of super-powering the same body which was tortured and crucified was Jesus able to attain the authority to grant all humans who accept his ways to the Father the ability to have carnal resurrection in their own bodies filled with new and everlasting life.

They haven't really left themselves much room for a "same hatchet thought experiment" solution, considering that they really stress the importance of Jesus' body being the exact same body as that which was tortured and crucified.

That's different than saying that you have a body that was tortured and crucified, and then you transport that body in particles and come back as a different body Star Trek style and that new-same body is the now physical body.
No, because that new-same body is not literally the same body that was tortured and crucified; that is a new body made to look exactly like the old body and your neurons still remember the experience of torture and crucifixion (in theory).

That is not what they outline in their articles of faith; not at all.
They outline that the same physical body that took the torture and that was nailed and suffered the anxiety and pain of death was the exact same body that resurrected and that same body's carnal failure was surpassed and made new to life again through divinity so that we may have the grant of eternal physical resurrection on the day of Judgement and the making of the New Earth and New Kingdom of God.
 
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What I have said to you is that they will very easily find a justification within the NT for any position they wish to declare on such things as the resurrection of Jesus. And in particular, I just quoted the example of what Paul's letter says, where contrary to what you just quoted from it, that letter specifically says that Jesus was not resurrected in the physical human flesh, that the resurrection is not in the physical body but as a “spiritual body”, and that “flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God”, etc. etc.

How much clearer do you want that to be.
That clearly is not the common Christian interpretation of what you are reading (see above from the Catechism of the Catholic church).

I honestly don't think they would try to wiggle the issue at all.
If someone walked into the Vatican with Jesus' remains, I think the Vatican would mount a massive denial campaign from that day and forever until those remains were no longer around or the Vatican was destroyed - whichever history accomplished first.

Even if, somehow, there was absolute undeniable proof that the bones were Jesus' bones; I'm rather sure the Vatican would deny them.
 
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That's lovely, JaysonR.

The issuse is whether unneeded parts can be left behind. As has been pointed out, if I replace old, worn out and now useless tires on my car, the old tires are no longer where the car is, and yet it is fair to say in any human language that I have the same car, except now in better operating condition.

So, with repsect to what you emphasized in chapter 5:

the risen body in which he appears to them is the same body that had been tortured and crucified, for it still bears the traces of his Passion."
My car is the same car that has been weathered and battered traveling to work each day, and so it came to pass in the fullness of time that the tires were worn out and I changed them. Still, the car yet bears all the dings and scratches it always did. The old tires, however, bore no instructive wear - they were just worn. So, I in my divinely appointed role as World Teacher of automotive salvation retained all that which would be instructive for anyone to view, and junked the parts which were neither contributing to the further use of the car, nor to anybody's appreciation of what the car had endured in service.

and on to what you emphasized in article 11:

he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will give life to your mortal bodies
In fact, the tire situation had gotten so bad, that one day, I found that two of the old tires were flat. This is why I changed them. The car would not go, and I wished not to buy a new car, and yet once again to have a car which went. So I changed the tires, and I drive the same car.

but that even our "mortal body" will come to life again.
And now my "old car" rides great.

Belief in the resurrection of the dead has been an essential element of the Christian faith from its beginnings .
The idea that wheeled vehicles might have expendable tires, which can be replaced and yet the wheeled vehicle retains its own identity (including parking decals) and remains in service as a unit is older than automobiles.

Summing up:

You have presented nothing which even addresses leftovers or other nighborhood effects of the resurrection process. You have shown that Nicene Christians believe in physical, identity-preserving resurrection, but you haven't shown anything about what they believe the procedures are.

So, what do you think? Would ten euro a pop be too steep for a peek at the founder's bones? Kids for free, don't want to discourage fruitful multiplication... well, two euro for each kid, and the unborn get in for free.
 
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They were pretty clear that the exact same body as was came back from the dead in the Catechism; wounds and all.

Then it was beautified in the Holy Spirit, which could permit you anything you want to insert there, but there is no acceptance that in their outline that Jesus left any part of his carnal self behind.

Instead, they clearly believe all of his body came back; not part, or all but the bad parts.
 
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