Number Six said:
What I'm trying to ask is this: If a light is on in a room and you're leaving the room but coming back to it later, how long is it that you'll be out of the room before it's worth it to turn the light off to save energy? Should you leave it on if you're coming back in 30 seconds? 1 minute? 5 minutes? What? I've heard many different answers to this question over the years. I don't see why it should be so complicated.
If you're talking about an incandescent lamp, then you're using a constant amount of power while it's on and none while it's off, so in theory it's always better to switch off the lamp when you leave the room for a time, no matter how short.
The inrush current when you switch the lamp on will be several (perhaps more) times higher than the steady state current since the impedance of the filament increases rapidly as it heats up, but this transient condition will only last for several hundred milliseconds at the most so from a power cost perspective it can be ignored.
However, I've been thinking about this same question for a while now because I live with a person who insists I turn the lights off when I'm not in the room, and it seems to me that all is not as simple as I implied above. Whenever you switch on an incandescent lamp, the high inrush current will cause the filament to twist violently due to the sudden heating, so I'm guessing that the NUMBER of times you switch on a light has a direct impact on how long it will live. I don't think I've ever been sitting in a room with the light on and it suddenly burnt out, they always seem to burn out as you switch them on, a single flash and then they're dead.
So, when it comes to the question of how much you'll save on your power bill from switching the light off when you're out of the room, I think you have to take into account the extra wear and tear on the bulbs from all the extra on/off cycles.