The market growth of teeth whitening products puts Intel to shame. There are four methods currently popular, all claim to "whiten or bleach" teeth.
1. Laser whitening by a Dentist
2. Dental trays containing whitening agents, made either at home or by a dentist.
3. Transparent whitening strips like Crest's.
4. Whitening gum, the newest entry.
Bleaching and whitening are not the same, in a technical sense, just do not tell the Gum companies this.
Proper brushing, flossing, cleaning of teeth, gums and mouth is in itself a whitening process. Neglected teeth, simply over time and because of food, liquid, tobacco etc. stains gradually yellow or grey. So in reality, maintaining the whiteness of one's teeth is to the market, "Whitening".
The FDA currently allows one bleaching agent, in one of two forms, for use in bleaching teeth. This is the active ingredient hydrogen peroxide.
There are two used forms, each with different concentrations of the active ingredient. Carbamide peroxide (urea hydrogen peroxide), usually marketed as 18 or 22% bleaching gel contains a urea portion of the molecule which does no whitening. So based on molecular weight, a carbamide peroxide 20% and hydrogen peroxide 7.2% has equal whitening ability.
Laser Method-
Dentists apply a 35% hydrogen peroxide solution, then apply bright light to the teeth to expediate the process, which takes in its entirety about 1 hour.
Tray & Gel Method-
Both Dentist's and over-the-counter bleaching gels differ in peroxide quantities, but most contain the quantities mentioned before. The custom trays are usually worn 2-4 hours per day for a period between 2-6 months or until the desired results are attained.
Teeth Strip Method-
Similar to the tray method, but worn for 30 minutes at a time, on the upper teeth only, with the whitening agent "built in".
To genuinely bleach teeth, the hydrogen peroxide solution must contact the teeth, in a uniform fashion and constantly, in order to properly oxidize. A typical peroxide gel solution can oxidize for at least 4 hours before losing its zip. Results differ based on proper use, color of teeth before starting, etc.
Whitening Gum & Whitening Toothpaste
These products DO NOT bleach the teeth whatsoever for one reason- they do not contain hydrogen peroxide. They can, however, "whiten" the teeth as described above.
Why don't they contain hydrogen peroxide? Simple. The human body has built in defenses to prevent ingestion of toxic levels of peroxides- This is what is known as saliva. One compound found in saliva effectively counteracts about 30mg of peroxide in one minute. A single teeth bleaching treatment uses about 4mg of Carbamide Peroxide.
Instead, the pastes and gums add some other inert ingredient, triple the price, claim their product "whitens" teeth, and the gullible public can thank the FDA for not defining the difference between a true bleaching agent for teeth, and a preventive cleaner or antiseptic everyone's been using their entire life.