Some nice WWI photographs

Yes, they are modern photos, my poor captioning.

The underground cities were carved into quarries, it seems, and something I had not been aware of before this.

They were cut into chalk. Some of them were actually the cellars of Champagne houses which can themselves be vast and extensive. The point of them was to keep large numbers of soldiers safe from artillery while also allowing the unobserved movement of relatively large numbers of troops

Chalk makes a very stable substrate for tunnelling and mining so sectors with chalk subsoil tended to experience a lot of this type of thing. Vimy being a good example.
 

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