"The executive has no right, in any case, to decide the question, whether there is or is not cause for declaring war."
James Madison
Is There a “James Madison Problem”?
gordon s. wood
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If any of the Founders was a modern man, it was not Madison but Hamilton. It was Hamilton who sought to turn the United States into a powerful modern fiscal-military state like those of Great Britain and France. Madison may have wanted a strong national government to act as an umpire over contending expressions of democracy in the states, as his Virginia Plan suggests. But he had no intention of creating the kind of modern war-making state that Hamilton had in mind. Which is why he had no sense of inconsistency in turning against the state that Hamilton was building in the 1790s.
The great development of the early modern period in the Western world was the emergence of modern nation-states with powerful executives—states that had developed the fiscal and military capacity to wage war on unprecedented scales. Over the past several decades scholars have accumulated a rich historical and sociological literature on state formation in early modern Europe.38 From the sixteenth century through the eighteenth century, the European monarchies had been busy consolidating their power and marking out their authority within clearly designated boundaries while at the same time protecting themselves from rival claimants to their power and territories. They erected ever-larger bureaucracies and military forces in order to wage war, which is what they did through most decades of three centuries. This meant the building of ever more centralized governments and the creation of ever more elaborate means for extracting money and men from their subjects.
These efforts in turn led to the growth of armies, the increase in public debts, the raising of taxes, and the strengthening of executive power.39
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Revolutionary Characters: What Made the Founders Different (Paperback)
by Gordon S. Wood
http://www.amazon.com/Revolutionary-Characters-What-Founders-Different/dp/0143112082
Libertarian primer on the Constitution
by Louise Dotter
http://www.madison.com/wsj/home/column/other/275502
A Colored Man's Reminiscences of James Madison
by Paul Jennings
http://www.historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=48
James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights
by Richard Labunski
http://www.amazon.com/Madison-Struggle-Pivotal-Moments-American/dp/0195181050
Pacificus Helvidius Debates of 1793-1794
by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison
http://www.amazon.com/PACIFICUS-HELVIDIUS-DEBATES-1793-179/dp/0865976880
Notes of Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
by James Madison
http://www.amazon.com/Debates-Federal-Convention-Reported-Madison/dp/0393304051/ref=pd_sim_b_title_1
Marbury v. Madison : The Origins and Legacy of Judicial Review
by William Edward Nelson
http://www.amazon.com/Marbury-v-Mad...=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1210609348&sr=1-3
Science and the Founding Fathers: Science in the Political Thought of Jefferson, Franklin, Adams, and Madison
by I. Bernard Cohen
http://www.amazon.com/Science-Founding-Fathers-Political-Jefferson/dp/039331510X
The Presidency of James Madison
by Robert Allen Rutland
http://www.amazon.com/Presidency-James-Madison-American/dp/0700604650
The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison 1776-1826
by James Morton Smith
http://www.amazon.com/Republic-Letters-Correspondence-Jefferson-1776-1826/dp/039303691X
James Madison: A Biography
by Ralph Ketcham
http://www.amazon.com/James-Madison-Biography-Ralph-Ketcham/dp/0813912652
The Last of the Fathers: James Madison & The Republican Legacy
by Drew R. McCoy
http://www.amazon.com/Last-Fathers-Madison-Republican-Legacy/dp/0521407729