You get an idea. You gather the facts. You put these facts to work in a laboratory or other environment and test your theory. If your idea truns out to be right then your idea becomes a fact.
Depends. You find a (science related ) problem, You research what real scientist in the field of the problem have to say about it, You develop a hypothesis that may explain (based on the previous) the activity/process/function... you wish to study, You set up experiment(s) designed properly to clearly verify your hypothesis is correct or incorrect.
IF your hypothesis is shown to be correct you publish the details of your research and experiment(s). Others in the field will eventually read your work and if it is important will make suggestions or better duplicate it to see if they get the results you did. You will, after all that, be the hero, the meh! or the goat depending!!!!!!
