Is Dred Scott a codeword for Roe v Wade?

Ladewig

I lost an avatar bet.
Joined
Dec 4, 2001
Messages
28,828
There's rumors [sic] on the internets[sic] that Dred Scott is a codeword for R.vW.

Here is a far, far right-wing anti-abortion site that quotes a 2001 Washington Times story about how Ashcroft, during his confirmation hearings, said that Roe v Wade was the settled law of the land.

He can’t think Roe v. Wade is the settled law of the land,’ says Colleen Parro, director of the Republican National Coalition for Life. ‘Roe V. Wade is no more settled than Dred Scott was,’ she says, referring to the 1856 Supreme Court decision denying constitutional protections to slaves...."


I can believe that the comparison has been used enough that some fundamentalist Christians link the two cases. Perhaps I see it that way because I really don't understand why GWB brought up Dred Scott when discussing activist judges.

President Bush (2nd debate)
I would pick somebody who would not allow their personal opinion to get in the way of the law. I would pick somebody who would strictly interpret the Constitution of the United States.

Let me give you a couple of examples, I guess, of the kind of person I wouldn't pick.

[snip]
Another example would be the Dred Scott case, which is where judges, years ago, said that the Constitution allowed slavery because of personal property rights.

That's a personal opinion. That's not what the Constitution says. The Constitution of the United States says we're all -- you know, it doesn't say that. It doesn't speak to the equality of America.

Bush said that the Constitution does not address equality and that the Supreme Court ruled against equality. How is that an example of someone who is not strictly interpreting the Constitution? Furthermore, what is the purpose of saying, "I won't nominate someone who will say that slaves do not have the right to file cases in federal courts"?

Â_
 
He can’t think Roe v. Wade is the settled law of the land,’ says Colleen Parro, director of the Republican National Coalition for Life. ‘Roe V. Wade is no more settled than Dred Scott was,’ she says, referring to the 1856 Supreme Court decision denying constitutional protections to slaves...."

Well, technically nothing is ever the "settled law of the land". Every law is open for review by the sitting Supreme Court of the time. So 100 years from now, they could rule that slavery is suddenly legal again. The SCOTUS is the ultimate arbiter of the law. Shanek will undoubtedly disagree, but he is stupid. So ignore him.
 
Olmstead v United States - 1928 - Search and Seizure (Wiretaps)

Olmstead's conviction was upheld as the court ruled that right to privacy and the need for a search warrant did not apply to telephone conversations.


Katz v. United States - 1961 - Search and Seizure (Wiretaps)

Flip-Flop from the logic of Olmstead...
' Whatever a citizen seeks to preserve as private, even in an area accesible to the public, may be constitutionally protected' (such as phone conversation)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The USSC reverses themselves on occasion...Dred Scott may be the first one that comes to the minds of many.
 
It isn't so much a codeword for abortion rights (although many on the right tend to compare Roe and Dred Scott) as it is a code for attack on legal positivism and support for natural law theory. A simplified explaination:

A natural law theorist holds that law is law because it is law, usually a deity, some concept of natural order, or some idea of "universal truth" is cited as the reason for what law '"is." A legal positivist would contend that law is the law because we decide it is the law.

Thus, to a NL theorist, an abhorrant decision would be seen as contrary to the "natural law," and therefore not in really law. It would be in a way an "illegal" law that should be ignored.

A positivist would accept that the decision is in fact the law at present, but that the law sucks and should be changed for a set of practical reasons.

The central question the Dred Scott references suggest is: "If a Supreme Court ruling is 'wrong', is that Supreme Court decision actually binding law?" Dred Scott is cited as an example so that if anyone ever even waivers from denouncing it that person can be attacked as supporting slavery.

This choice of example allows the user of this gambit to hurdle the biggest problem with natural law theory, that of deciding what is the law "really is." People will have different ideas as to "the natural order of things" or as to "THE REAL MEANING OF THE CONSTITUTION" so deciding what is "right" vs. "wrong is a tricky deal. All avoided by picking an example that is accepted as "wrong" by NL theorists and as "bad" by positivists.

While the problem with NL theory is downplayed by the example, the biggest percieved flaw in legal positivism is illuminated. Legal Positivism is a morally neutral doctrine in that anything, no matter how stupid or "evil" can be considered law. From a legal positivist standpoint, Dred Scott was law, right up to the point the constitution was changed. In reality this is not a big deal, as an LPer would be justified in seeking change and for that matter not following the decision, just on grounds of (more or less) "this law sucks because..." rather than natural law justifications relating to the true meaning of the constitution or God's will or whatever...

However, the Legal Positivist acceptance of this as "law" is somehow claimed as moral bankruptcy on the part of the NL crowd, a claim that ignores the fact that a positivist holds the questions of what the law is and the moral questions as to whether to change (or even follow) the law to be seperate. Yes, at one point Dred Scott was the law of the land. No, this does not equate claiming that Dred Scott was a good thing or even that it should have been followed. Thus the main flaw in most NL criticism of Legal Positivism: NL holds law as sacred and infallable (universal truth and all that) while positivists give it no such weight.

Bush has repeatedly suggested that he wants more NL theorists on the bench. Scalia and Thomas are the two examples he tosses around in this regard, and these are in fact the two leading NL thoerists on the bench. Thomas is the bigger NL guy, but Scalia is the more influencial justice so he usually gets more publicity.

While natural law theory and legal positivism are at their core politically neutral, in recent history the NL line of thinking has been more consistent among conservatives. Part of this has to do with conservativism, being inherently more in favor of the status quo, has more of a need for "just because" sorts of argument, and the "universal truth" aspects of NL theory fit nicely with this need...
 
Ladewig said:
I can believe that the comparison has been used enough that some fundamentalist Christians link the two cases.
They do. And it's not just fundamentalists who draw the comparison. The first time I heard this linkage was in a conservative protestant--but not fundamentalist--church.

The cases are often mentioned in this way: "In Dred Scott, the Supreme Court ruled that a negro is not a 'person.' In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that a fetus is not a 'person.'" The implication is that both cases involved the same issue, and both were wrongly decided.

Actually, the cases were quite different from one another. In addition, the institution of human slavery was actually widely supported by fundamentalists, who cited the many biblical passages approving of the practice.

Bush's remarks about the Dred Scott opinion miss the point of the decision and border upon incoherent:
Another example would be the Dred Scott case, which is where judges, years ago, said that the Constitution allowed slavery because of personal property rights. That's a personal opinion. That's not what the Constitution says. The Constitution of the United States says we're all -- you know, it doesn't say that. It doesn't speak to the equality of America.
Actually, the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution does speak to protection of property rights. The key question, of course, is not whether the Constitution protects property rights, but whether dark-skinned people can be property. Once you reach the conclusion that negroes can be property, then constitutional protection of slavery naturally follows. From Chief Justice Taney's opinion:
Now, as we have already said in an earlier part of this opinion, upon a different point, the right of property in a slave is distinctly and expressly affirmed in the Constitution. The right to traffic in it, like an ordinary article of merchandise and property, was guarantied to the citizens of the United States, in every State that might desire it, for twenty years. And the Government in express terms is pledged to protect it in all future time, if the slave escapes from his owner. This is done in plain words--too plain to be misunderstood. And no word can be found in the Constitution which gives Congress a greater power over slave property, or which entitles property of that kind to less protection that property of any other description. The only power conferred is the power coupled with the duty of guarding and protecting the owner in his rights.
 
The Central Scrutinizer said:
The SCOTUS is the ultimate arbiter of the law. Shanek will undoubtedly disagree, but he is stupid. So ignore him.

They are, because they said so.

I'm sure you're fond of other such decisions of the SCOTUS, like pornography not being protected speech?

What would stop the SCOTUS from interpreting that the constitution says that they should rule the country, hypothetically?
 
Ladewig said:
There's rumors [sic] on the internets[sic] that Dred Scott is a codeword for R.vW.

...

I am glad that someone raised this issue as I was rather perplexed when Bush mentioned it at the debate the other day.

However, there is a good article in today's Slate that makes a good case for explaining that when Bush is really talking about reversing Roe v. Wade ruling when he discusses Dred Scott ruling.

http://slate.msn.com/id/2108083/

Why Bush Opposes Dred Scott
It's code for Roe v. Wade.
By Timothy Noah


...

What was the meaning of this borderline-incoherent ramble [referring to what Bush said about the Scott decision]? Apparently, it was an invisible high-five to the Christian right. "Google Dred Scott and Roe v. Wade," various readers instructed me, and damned if they weren't on to something. To the Christian right, "Dred Scott" turns out to be a code word for "Roe v. Wade." Even while stating as plain as day that he would apply "no litmus test," Bush was semaphoring to hard-core abortion opponents that he would indeed apply one crucial litmus test: He would never, ever, appoint a Supreme Court justice who condoned Roe.

...
 
As Brown pointed out the fifth is less useful the the 14th "equal protection under the law" where pro-lifers equate that a zygote or fetus is the equivalent of a human child . That is a religious or philosophical definition , not a scientific one.

Sushi:"What would stop the SCOTUS from interpreting that the constitution says that they should rule the country, hypothetically?"

Because the same document - the Constitution- that regulates the behavior of congress and the executive branches, would dis-allow that case. SCOTUS cannot make law only apply whether it is valid when applied to the constraints of the Constitution. Thanks Framers.
 
But if the USSC is the supreme arbiter of the Constutution, what is to stop them from declaring that the Constitution does allow them to pass laws?
 
Art Vandelay said:
But if the USSC is the supreme arbiter of the Constutution, what is to stop them from declaring that the Constitution does allow them to pass laws?

I see, now we have somebody who wants to eliminate the Supreme Court as a balance to the tyrrany of the minority.

You ask exactly the same sort of question as when the congress thinks it can pass a law saying the Supreme Court lacks jurisdiction.

Of course, of the two of those, it's the congress who's trying to usurp the constitution and destroy the balance of powers.
 
Thanks for the post, Suddenly. Bush's comment, "that's a personal decision," now makes more sense to me.
 
Art Vandelay said:
But if the USSC is the supreme arbiter of the Constutution, what is to stop them from declaring that the Constitution does allow them to pass laws?

That in the end they don't have the guys with guns to enforce it.

Plain and simple.

The reason that the USSC is seen at present as "the final arbiter" is that in reality they only have moral authority. They are the weakest branch, with nothing more than moral authority. In the end the President calls the shots, which is why once we look past all the polite assumptions regarding the institutions we take for granted, the Presidency is so darned important. The dudes with guns listen to him, as long as he doesn't get wiggy... if that happens I suggest investing in canned goods and shotguns....
 
That in the end they don't have the guys with guns to enforce it.

Plain and simple.

The reason that the USSC is seen at present as "the final arbiter" is that in reality they only have moral authority. They are the weakest branch, with nothing more than moral authority.


This is simply false. The Supreme Court, with the subordinate federal courts, is certainly the most powerful branch of the federal government, and has played a key role in the erosion of democracy in our society, which claims to be a government of laws, not of men. In a gradual assumption of power that goes back almost to the founding of the republic, notably in Marbury v. Madison, the supreme court has gradually gathered in ultimate, unaswerable power. Listen to poli-sci professors and other liberals wax enthusiatic about how "brilliant" Marbury v. Madison was - they LOVE it because it was in line with how they've always thought about politics: the people in charge should be the best and brightest (themselves) who are justified in having power because they in their generous spirit and uber wisdom will do for the unwashed masses what they are unable to do for themselves - look after their best interests. Left to themselves, that is actually having a final vote on things that sticks, they'll do stupid things.

Today, the court has virtually unchallenged power, and uses it, for example blowing away the Equal Protection Clause in the U of M case with the stroke of a pen. The vaunted supposed "checks and balances" between the three branches, one of the myths taught in government schools, fails in the case of the supreme court - the "checks" on them are trivial.

For example, after a long hard fight in the state of california, involving getting a huge number of initiative petitions signed (the most direct form of democracy), taking up millions of dollars and countless hours of peoples' time, carefully considering the actual constitutional issues in crafting the state initiative, and getting it passed by an overwhelming majority, prop 187, which would have limited the public services for illegal aliens, was disposed of in a brief hearing by a liberal/left federal judge with the infamous stroke of a pen after a very brief hearing. How do you think people reacted? "Duh, this is an outrage, but let's just go along with it. We don't have to, because the district court doesn't have guns, but they have the moral authority that all us trailer trash should respect."

The USSC certainly is not left with only "moral authority" - short of the U.S. morphing suddenly into a banana republic dictatorship or anarchy, the logic of the system requires that the USSC be obeyed - and they are, even when tens of millions of people disagree with them on the most profound issues of life and death, as for example in Roe vs Wade.

The reining in of the SC is LONG overdue.
 
jj said:
I see, now we have somebody who wants to eliminate the Supreme Court as a balance to the tyrrany of the minority.

You ask exactly the same sort of question as when the congress thinks it can pass a law saying the Supreme Court lacks jurisdiction.

Of course, of the two of those, it's the congress who's trying to usurp the constitution and destroy the balance of powers.
I see, so strawmen and ad hominems are all you have? I guess you can't engage is honest debate, and have to lie about your opponents to have anything resembling an argument.

Suddenly
That in the end they don't have the guys with guns to enforce it.
First of all, you're still ducking the issue: doesn't declaring the USSC to be the ultimate authority in interpreting the Constitution mean delcaring them to be the the ultimate authority ruling the US? Whether they are able to enforce that authority is irrelevant to this question.

Secondly, none of the branches have enough men with guns to control the country. All branches of government depend on people accepting their legitimacy for their power.

Thirdly, you seem to be ignoring the fact that we are discussing who is the arbiter of the Constitution, not who is the enforcer.

The dudes with guns listen to him, as long as he doesn't get wiggy...
But part of what is considered not getting "wiggy" is accepting the authority of the USSC. The guys don't listen to the president specifically; they listen to who the Constitution says they have to listen to, which often turns out to be the Constitution.
 
Patrick said:
That in the end they don't have the guys with guns to enforce it.

Plain and simple.

The reason that the USSC is seen at present as "the final arbiter" is that in reality they only have moral authority. They are the weakest branch, with nothing more than moral authority.


This is simply false. The Supreme Court, with the subordinate federal courts, is certainly the most powerful branch of the federal government, and has played a key role in the erosion of democracy in our society, which claims to be a government of laws, not of men. In a gradual assumption of power that goes back almost to the founding of the republic, notably in Marbury v. Madison, the supreme court has gradually gathered in ultimate, unaswerable power. Listen to poli-sci professors and other liberals wax enthusiatic about how "brilliant" Marbury v. Madison was - they LOVE it because it was in line with how they've always thought about politics: the people in charge should be the best and brightest (themselves) who are justified in having power because they in their generous spirit and uber wisdom will do for the unwashed masses what they are unable to do for themselves - look after their best interests. Left to themselves, that is actually having a final vote on things that sticks, they'll do stupid things.

Today, the court has virtually unchallenged power, and uses it, for example blowing away the Equal Protection Clause in the U of M case with the stroke of a pen. The vaunted supposed "checks and balances" between the three branches, one of the myths taught in government schools, fails in the case of the supreme court - the "checks" on them are trivial.

For example, after a long hard fight in the state of california, involving getting a huge number of initiative petitions signed (the most direct form of democracy), taking up millions of dollars and countless hours of peoples' time, carefully considering the actual constitutional issues in crafting the state initiative, and getting it passed by an overwhelming majority, prop 187, which would have limited the public services for illegal aliens, was disposed of in a brief hearing by a liberal/left federal judge with the infamous stroke of a pen after a very brief hearing. How do you think people reacted? "Duh, this is an outrage, but let's just go along with it. We don't have to, because the district court doesn't have guns, but they have the moral authority that all us trailer trash should respect."

The USSC certainly is not left with only "moral authority" - short of the U.S. morphing suddenly into a banana republic dictatorship or anarchy, the logic of the system requires that the USSC be obeyed - and they are, even when tens of millions of people disagree with them on the most profound issues of life and death, as for example in Roe vs Wade.

The reining in of the SC is LONG overdue.

"This is simply false." - Patrique
 
Art Vandelay said:


Suddenly
First of all, you're still ducking the issue: doesn't declaring the USSC to be the ultimate authority in interpreting the Constitution mean delcaring them to be the the ultimate authority ruling the US?
Not when they lack the ability to enforce their own decisions. They can rule all they want but if their decisions are not respected by the other branches they become irrelevant.

What issue is ducked? In practice they get the final word as to what the law is in a particular situation, that is they get to interpret the constitution's effect on a particular dispute. This is what the judical power is.



Whether they are able to enforce that authority is irrelevant to this question.
Hogwash. A government that cannot enforce authority is not a government in any sense of the word. Any person on earth can "decide" what the constitution means. The only reason the Supreme Court keeps our attention is the tradition of the guys with guns going along with the court. That is it.

Since this second step of authority is taken for granted, many people seem to forget about it. This does not make it disappear.




Secondly, none of the branches have enough men with guns to control the country. All branches of government depend on people accepting their legitimacy for their power.

The executive might, once we consider that this branch controlls virtually all police and the armed forces. In the end, most likely it cannot fully control a completely restless population, which is why in the end the people are the ultimate holders of the political power. We have forgotten this as we are so used to the system and the respect given to our institutions, given we have had at least 100 years of almost total harmony in this regard.

All this does is support my contention that the Court, while having the final say in what the law is in a particular situation, does not actually have the final say in how things are going to work. This power is vested more in the executive and to the people.


Thirdly, you seem to be ignoring the fact that we are discussing who is the arbiter of the Constitution, not who is the enforcer.
I am answering the question: " what is to stop them from declaring that the Constitution does allow them to pass laws?"

If we look at this in plain language the answer is "nothing stops them." However, in that regard nothing stops the Randolph County Lions Club from making the same declaration. Without the ability to enforce the decision, who really cares? If the Court makes such a declaration the executive will refuse to enforce and the legislature will impeach the justices. These actions will be supported by popular opinion. I don't know what will happen to the Randolph County Lions Club, I guess it depends on whether they sober up before they try to undertake any enforcement action.
 
Patrick said:


This is simply false. The Supreme Court, with the subordinate federal courts, is certainly the most powerful branch of the federal government, and has played a key role in the erosion of democracy in our society, which claims to be a government of laws, not of men. In a gradual assumption of power that goes back almost to the founding of the republic, notably in Marbury v. Madison, the supreme court has gradually gathered in ultimate, unaswerable power.
This is a heck of a claim. Let's see the reasoning...




Listen to poli-sci professors and other liberals wax enthusiatic about how "brilliant" Marbury v. Madison was - they LOVE it
My poli-sci prof hated it. He wouldn't shut up about it, as a matter of fact.

I don't see it as brilliant jurisprudence as much as I see it as the only logical conclusion if the constitution is to be given practical legal effect. This latter assumption is where my pol-sci prof objected. He thought the constitution shouldn't be enforced by the courts, only by the people at the ballot box.

As a political matter the timing may be considered brilliant by fans of political tactics, but that really has nothing to do with legitimacy.



because it was in line with how they've always thought about politics: the people in charge should be the best and brightest
You would rather have dumb people in charge?



who are justified in having power because they in their generous spirit and uber wisdom will do for the unwashed masses what they are unable to do for themselves - look after their best interests.
Most people are too busy making a living to fully comprehend what is in their own best interest when it comes to larger decisions. I go to a doctor when I am sick, a car mechanic when my car breaks down, so why not look to a specialist, and let the best and brightest run the country?




Left to themselves, that is actually having a final vote on things that sticks, they'll do stupid things.


Who is more likely to make a good decision w/r/t a government policy, someone who has studied the area and spends all day thinking about it, or someone who overhauls transmissions and then zones out in front of the tube?

You have nothing to offer but unsupported anti-elitism at this point.


Today, the court has virtually unchallenged power, and uses it, for example blowing away the Equal Protection Clause in the U of M case with the stroke of a pen.
No, just disagreeing with your idea of what the EP clause should be.



The vaunted supposed "checks and balances" between the three branches, one of the myths taught in government schools, fails in the case of the supreme court - the "checks" on them are trivial.
Impeachment is trivial? The possible packing of the court is trivial? That the constitution can be changed is trivial? That the executive could simply ignore what it sees as a clearly illegal decision is trivial? Not to mention the ability to amend the constitution.

You only see it as trivial because the abovce rarely happens. This is because, despite all the political whining and chest thumping, the Supreme Court has acted reasonably, and thankfully most in government today have the wisdom to recognize that people can disagree, and not everyone is going to love everything the Supreme Court decides.


For example, after a long hard fight in the state of california, involving getting a huge number of initiative petitions signed (the most direct form of democracy), taking up millions of dollars and countless hours of peoples' time, carefully considering the actual constitutional issues in crafting the state initiative, and getting it passed by an overwhelming majority, prop 187, which would have limited the public services for illegal aliens, was disposed of in a brief hearing by a liberal/left federal judge with the infamous stroke of a pen after a very brief hearing.
What I don't see here is why this decision was wrong. Sorry that a bunch of xenophobes are disappointed that their little project turned out to violate the constitution, but this has no bearing on whether the decision was wrong, unless you are claiming that the constitution should have no practical legal effect and therefore should be ignored by the courts. If so, just leave it at that. Perhaps I can give you my old prof's name and the two of you can go bowling or something and complain about John Marshall.

"A long hard fight" has no value when the object of that fight is worthless. Unless you are making a marxist appeal to the inherent value of labor. However, since you do not strike me as a marxist I will just assume this is a fallacious appeal to emotion.



How do you think people reacted? "Duh, this is an outrage, but let's just go along with it. We don't have to, because the district court doesn't have guns, but they have the moral authority that all us trailer trash should respect."

Pretty much. Only add that the people with guns also are following the moral authority of the court.

What would the court do if California had told the Fed court to jam it and went on enforcing this law? Maybe appeal to the president. What if he did the same?


The USSC certainly is not left with only "moral authority" - short of the U.S. morphing suddenly into a banana republic dictatorship or anarchy,
Whoops. Turns out you are just confused. At least you see the possibilities. You could eliminate the court from ever passing on a constitutional issue and this country would hardly be a dictatorship. Constitutional enforcement would just be in the hands of a different branch, perhaps the people in general would be more serious about it. Who knows. Assuming a dictatorship does nothing but support the idea that the court should have these powers and they should be respectred.

This is exactly the moral authority I describe. Thank you for confirming it...




the logic of the system requires that the USSC be obeyed - and they are, even when tens of millions of people disagree with them on the most profound issues of life and death, as for example in Roe vs Wade.

The reining in of the SC is LONG overdue.

Actually, based on your above reasoning such reining in would result in a dictatorship or banana republic....
 
Patrick said:
In a gradual assumption of power that goes back almost to the founding of the republic, notably in Marbury v. Madison, the supreme court has gradually gathered in ultimate, unaswerable power.

I don't see it that way. While I have a major problem with the Supreme Court claiming to be the ultimate arbiter of the Constitution, there simply is no way they can enforce it; it only becomes a fact if we all acquiesce to it.

Let's say the Supreme Court finds a law constitutional, but a future Congress declares that it's unconstituional and repeals it. What can the Supreme Court do?

Let's say a President refuses to execute the law because he finds it unconstitutional. What can the Supreme Court do?

Let's say police and prosecutors find the law unconstitutional and stop enforcing it. What can the Supreme Court do?

Let's say juries start nullifying the law right and left. What can the Supreme Court do?

Let's say we vote for Congressmen who would repeal unconstitutional laws, Presidents and DAs who would refuse to enforce them, and educate voters and potential jurors as to the Constitution and their rights. What can the Supreme Court do?

The answers are, in order: nothing, nothing, nothing, nothing, and nothing.

the people in charge should be the best and brightest (themselves) who are justified in having power because they in their generous spirit and uber wisdom will do for the unwashed masses what they are unable to do for themselves - look after their best interests. Left to themselves, that is actually having a final vote on things that sticks, they'll do stupid things.

I agree that it should absolutely not be the case that the government gets to say what the Constitution means. Government should NEVER be allowed to define itself. But it's up to US to wake up and not let them get away with it.
 
Many here say SOTUS is a moral authority, that's not quite the case . They are a legal authority of application of the constitution to a law,statue, action,etc. Please don't go down the road of well the law is derived for our society's moral background and outlook, that is a mis-direction. They are indeed the final arbiter of the questions brought to them...However

They cannot initiate action. They are bound in their actions and judgments by the constitution as are the other two branches of Government. Overreaching is often attempted by all three branches, but by the end of the Day they remain in balance ( or stasis as some see it ). They can be over turned by subsequent courts. They hold no power of enforcement , that's the Executive's job. There can be an accommodation of their opinion by changing wording and scope of a law. They can be overwritten by amendment. Finally they can be impeached.

I do however agree with notion that they have enormous impact of the daily lives of ordinary citizens everywhere. They have that impact for their lifetime. So their not impotent neither are they God.

My astonished friends asked me in 1992 election why in the world would I vote for Clinton. My answer was: "Three words, Supreme Court appointments."
 

Back
Top Bottom