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Historical Revisionism

UnrepentantSinner

A post by Alan Smithee
Joined
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There’s one area, besides cryptozoology that I don’t see getting much text time in the Forum, and that’s Revisionist History (well, besides Young Earth Creationism). Since that’s a topic near and dear to my heart, I wanted to toss out a few of the ones that really bother me.

Historical Revisionism differs from other questions and conflicts over historical “facts” in that there is almost always an agenda behind the advocates of the alternate versions. Unusual discoveries, like Kennewick Man; incomplete answers, like the origins of Japan’s Ainu; and even revolutionary theories, like Thor Hierdahl’s migration theories aren’t sufficiently driven by agenda to qualify as Historical Revisionism.

Egyptian Afrocentrism.

Advocates of this theory claim that the Ancient Egyptians were black equatorial Africans and not the brown Hamitic north Africans we see portrayed in wall art. I’ve even heard it claimed (I forget by whom at the time) that Rameses II was black. The biggest problem I have this theory is Ancient Egypt belongs to the Egyptians. As an Islamic state they technically should have destroyed all the idolatry of the Ancients (see the Taliban) but from the death of Cleopatra, though the Coptic Church period, the coming of Islam until the modern state, they have generally preserved their heritage.

It’s not as though black Africa has a dearth of great civilizations they can be proud of like Timbuktu and Great Zimbabwe as well as the Zulu Kingdom build by Shaka and need to co-opt the Pharaohs.

British Israelism:

This intellectual abomination gleans many different revisions into a unifying theory that is generally used by anti-Semites and White Power advocates. The basic claim is that the diaspora of the 10 “lost” tribes of Israel were sent by the Assyrians into Europe where they became the modern mostly northern European states. Some of the supposed evidence for this is Denmark, is named after the tribe of Dan and the Saxons are “Isaac’s Sons.” From this claim advocates try to support the notion that Northern Europeans (and by extension the United States) are the “true” Israel not the imposter Khazar Jews living in the Middle East.

This melange of pathetic attempts at etymology, racism and migration maps drawn with more wishful thinking than facts was most vocally advocated in the U.S. by Herbert W. Armstrong’s World Wide Church of God. Under the leadership of his son Garner Ted Armstrong, this organization has completely renounced British Israelism. The torch, however, has been picked up by ]Gerald Flurry’s Philadelphia Church of God.

I discovered one irony of British Israelism and it’s conflict with reality while watching a documentary on the possibility that some of the Israelites might have wound up in India. I’ll dig around for further information if anyone wants it, but the show gave pretty compelling evidence that that’s where some of the lost tribes went. I’m sure Gerald Flurry will be in a tizzy when he learns that the Promised Land is on the Brahmaputra and not the Potomac.

Holocaust Deniers:

This group is personally offensive to me because I’ve been to Dachau. I’ve seen the death camps. I’ve seen a gravesite the size of an automobile holding the ashes of thousands of victims. The only reason I don’t get more angry about it more often is that thankfully there aren’t that many believers, though doubtlessly as time passes, others will fall for slickly produced video tapes and web pages. In general they tend to be virulently anti-Semetic and are associated with White Power organizations.

Unfortunately one of the most influential organs of this movement comes up as the 2nd hit on a Google search if you use “historical+review.” Here’s the result:

Institute for Historical Review ... The Institute for Historical Review is non-ideological, non-political, and non-sectarian. It is ...
Description: Site of the world's leading Holocaust denial organisation. Many articles from its journal (founded...

Michael Shermer does a great job showing how to (as well as how not to) confront Holocaust Deniers in his “Why People Believe Weird Things.” Steven Spielberg is doing the world a great service with his Shoah project, recording the memories of Holocaust survivors.

Feminists/Neo-Pagans:

Not to lump Feminists and Neo-Pagans together, but the Revisionism that I’m referring to is used by both groups. A gross oversimplification of their theory states that Europe was a feminist, woman-centered, vegetarian Utopia, where women were fat and happy and men knew their place. It seemed the wonder years of the Neolithic might last forever until the coming of the Khurgans who, as meat eaters, had developed large penises and aggressive tendencies. They subjugated the peaceful, nature loving, Goddess worshipping peoples of Europe and gave rise to such brutal societies as the Assyrians, Egyptians and Greeks.

Marija Gimutas is considered to have started this ideological movement and while she has received praise from people like Joseph Campbell I remain unmoved by her claims. One of the more prominent voices advocating this theory is Starhawk who is a paragon for everything I disdain about this form of Revisionism.

Antedeluvian Utopians:

Despite the name, not all Antedeluvian revisionists claim a flood wiped out some pre-historic advanced or Utopian civilization. Some claim that astronomic events or other Earth changes wiped them out. Atlantis remains the most famous of these supposed civilizations. Others include Mu and the pre-flood Bible stores. One of the more famous claims about the Atlanteans comes from “The Sleeping Prophet” Edgar Cayce who claims that there is a Hall of Records beneath the Sphinx in Giza that contains the wisdom, knowledge and “real” history of Atlantis.

The biggest problem faced by Antedeluvians, despite hundreds of years of claims and hundreds of publications on these civilizations is that we have yet to uncover even a pot shard that would indicate they actually existed. With all the archaeological digs that have occurred in places that many of these claims center on, not a single compelling piece of evidence has been found.


These are just a few examples of Historical Revisionism that bother me. If anyone else wants clarification or to discuss any of them (or add your own) please post and we’ll see if this thread has any legs.
 
Historical revisors (is that what they're called) are very similar to most pseudo-scientists: to them, a new way of looking at something presents an entire field unto itself, rather than a small piece of a larger jigsaw that has already been put together.

To use that analogy, you find pieces of a jigsaw puzzle and see how they're arranged. Each new piece is assessed to see if it can fit somewhere. If not, you look to see if a) the jigsaw can be rearranged to accomodate the new piece, or b) you put it aside for now, assuming it will fit once more pieces are found.

Historical revisors look at such a piece and see it on its own, ignoring any other piece of the jigsaw that it doesn't match. You can get some pretty interesting pictures that way, but rarely does it look like the front of the box.

Athon
 
I think that after the Greek invasion by Alexander ("the Great") all the Egyptian Pharoes were white (since they were descendant from the Greek general that ruled Egypt after the death of Alexander).

History is revised all the time by historians as new documents and other evidence are unearthed. One revision of history was that it isn't certain that Jesus is a historical person for instance.
 
I read an article recently (from the skeptix mailing list?) that presented this webite http://www.thehallofmaat.com/maat/index.php as one of the main resources for debates on pseudo-history. I haven't had time to check it out yet but it looks as though it provides a skeptical viewpoint on some of the issues raised in the above posts.
 
From the Hall of Ma'at home page:

The aim of this site is to provide a well reasoned case for the mainstream version of ancient history. We will present articles that validate our true heritage and that dispute the proposals used to support the belief in a lost civilization that seeded the familiar ancient cultures of the world.

Sweet! An excellent resource Jim, thanks for pointing it out to me.

As an aside, I really think historical revisionism is one of those areas that are neglected by skeptics. I realize pointing out what a fake John Edward is, is more fun and Homeopathic claims are more easily analyzed than historical ones, but it is an area that deserves attention.

If people become confused about who we are and where we came from, then it makes them all that much more succeptable to people who claim to speak to the dead or that water has memory.
 
Kennewick Man was an unusual discovery--but why include this under revisionist history? Other than the fact that the Umatillas have tried to suppress scientific study of the skeleton.

edited to add a big D'OH!

Must...have more coffee in the morning...I read your whole post and saw my error. But Kennewick Man is an interesting topic!! :D
 
Melissa Johnson said:
Kennewick Man was an unusual discovery--but why include this under revisionist history? Other than the fact that the Umatillas have tried to suppress scientific study of the skeleton.

edited to add a big D'OH!

Must...have more coffee in the morning...I read your whole post and saw my error. But Kennewick Man is an interesting topic!! :D

:)

I think all anomolies are interesting. And now that I think about it (I'm chugging beers not coffee - night shift) it's possible that with the whole burial/study flap over him from the agenda driven parties that could shove this into revisionist territory.

Of course the Kennewick controversy is small potatoes compared to who actually "owns" Otsi.
 
Every time I hear about Atlantis, Lemuria, or any of these other so-called "lost civilizations", I remember my third grade teacher who devoted an hour a day for an entire nine-week grading period to the subject. (Under the pretext of "social studies".)

This woman, paid by tax dollars, would go on and on "teaching" impressionable young children about Atlantis *as if it were fact*.

As a result, I totally believed in the reality of Atlantis until sometime around eighth grade. (Embarassing, yes, but I admit it.)

Teachers like this should be fired.

-RedCoat
 
Ancient Encounters is the book written by the archaeologist who first studied "Kennewick Man"--I just finished reading it. Fascinating stuff and an interesting defense on his part--never thought that archaeology could be so...well...vicious. As much as I can understand why Native Americans want to 'repatriate' their dead, I can't for the life of me figure why they are so threatened by this discovery. Kennewick Man isn't white . He's a pile of bones 9,000 years old that show indications of other than Native American characteristics--possibly living in the area simultaneously with proto-native tribes, etc--possibly a different line that died out or--?

But when you get into neo-Native religion, P.C. government attitudes, and general human suspicion and hurt feelings and so forth, the waters muddy considerably...:(

edited to add: I love anomalies too. I've read extensively on crypto-zoology--I love hearing the legends and myths about 'monsters' and so forth--along with historical weirdnesses, ghost stories, etc....(sorry I can't think of everything I want to say before I submit post! argh!)
 
UnrepentantSinner said:
As an aside, I really think historical revisionism is one of those areas that are neglected by skeptics.
Michael Shermer is quite hot on the subject - particularly Holocaust deniers, but also Afrocentrists. I think "Why People Believe Weird Things" has a pretty good coverage.

From there I picked up Mary Lefkowitz' "Not Out Of Africa" which is also a great handling of the topic.
 
H'm. I believe a trip to the library is in order. I haven't read Lefkowitz yet, though I remember the flap when the book came out a few years ago. And I haven't read Shermer yet either (hang head!).
 
I've read Shermers book Denying History, all on Holocaust Denial. Pretty good book. One argument of the deniers that was easily debunked was how some door to a gass chamber had a peep hole, claiming the prisoners could break the glass allowing the gas to escape. Turns out the peephole is about 2" across and 1/2" thick. You would most likely break your fingers before you could break through that, for all the good it would do.


Another type of historical revisionism is the Beautiful People myth. Often see it in association with NewAge ideas about native americans and other primitive societies. You know that thing about only hunting as much as they need, and using every part of the buffalo? It's bull (or at least a part of the bull you don't want to use :rolleyes: :D ) An archeologist friend on another site told about the hunting practice of some tribes. Find a heard of buffalo, start them stampeeding, and direct the stampeed to a nearby cliff. Then go to the bottom of the cliff and have a huge BBQ
 
Historical revisionism is almost inevitable, unfortunately. History is such a politicized discipline that just about any group with a point to make will try to seize on some bit of history and twist it to their ends. One of my college history professors pointed out that in both Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia, history was one of only two fields where one was required to be a party member to teach it (the other being Political Science, for obvious reasons) because people get such a sense of their identity from history that it makes a really valuable propaganda tool.

Look at the recent debates over the way American students are taught about the settlemet of the west. In the old days students were taught that the Indians (Native Americans, if you prefer) were evil ignorant savages who were trying to block our expansion werstward. In recent years the politics have shifted and the settlers are portrayed as the villains wantonly raping, looting and pillaging their way westward. In reality, both groups were made of individuals, both good and bad, and the realtionship between the groups was very complex. That view, however, doesn't satisfy anyones political agenda so it is pretty much ignored. I could give more examples but I have work to do.
 
Melissa Johnson said:
Who was it said " History is written by the victors" or some such line...

I don't know who said it but it is all too true.

One of the best books I have ever read on how revised even what we would consider 'Standard' history, is called "Lies My Teacher Told Me". I am at work and thus don't have it handy so I can recall the name of the author, though.
 
UnrepentantSinner said:
Antedeluvian Utopians:

The biggest problem faced by Antedeluvians, despite hundreds of years of claims and hundreds of publications on these civilizations is that we have yet to uncover even a pot shard that would indicate they actually existed. With all the archaeological digs that have occurred in places that many of these claims center on, not a single compelling piece of evidence has been found.

It's obvious, they were such an enlightened civilization that *everything* that made up their civilization was biodegradable and easily recyclable, thus the utter lack of any physical evidence of their existence is all the proof you need.
 
Marc said:

Another type of historical revisionism is the Beautiful People myth. Often see it in association with NewAge ideas about native americans and other primitive societies.

Last week I finished reading Constant Battles by Leckie where he argues for the case that evidence for warfare has turned out in every group of humans that has left an archealogical record.

He also mentions that the last primitive farming societies, those in highland Papua New Guinea and those in jungles of Venezuela both had a 25% combat death rate among men until 1960s. (That is, one man in four died because of warfare).

An archeologist friend on another site told about the hunting practice of some tribes. Find a heard of buffalo, start them stampeeding, and direct the stampeed to a nearby cliff.

Well, if you don't have horses, that is pretty much the only possible way to hunt buffaloes.
 
LW said:


Last week I finished reading Constant Battles by Leckie where he argues for the case that evidence for warfare has turned out in every group of humans that has left an archealogical record.

He also mentions that the last primitive farming societies, those in highland Papua New Guinea and those in jungles of Venezuela both had a 25% combat death rate among men until 1960s. (That is, one man in four died because of warfare).



Well, if you don't have horses, that is pretty much the only possible way to hunt buffaloes.

An article in last month's Discover magazine focused on an archeologist who has a theory that the ancient tribes in the American Southwest were war-like, too--something that is in a bit of debate at the moment for just those very reasons (i.e. Antediluvian Utopians vs. Warriors, etc.).
 

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