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Elephant "graveyards"

slingblade

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I was watching a show yesterday about animals and intellect, a PBS Nature series. At one point, the habits of elephants with the bones of their own species was brought up, and some things were said that made me ponder.

Not verbatim, mind you:

"Elephants fondle and inspect only the bones of their own species. They touch, sniff, and otherwise handle them, almost compulsively. They are never seen to do this with the bones of other animals."

Ok, my train of thought:

Before a dead elephant becomes a pile of bones, it's still recognizably an elephant. It's got skin, still holds its shape, and still smells like an elephant. Elephants probably most often die in areas where other elephants are, or have been and will be again (along the routes to food, water, breeding, etc.). Other elephants are going to come along and see this dead elephant.

As it is still recognizable, immediately after death, as an elephant, it seems to me that other elephants are cognizant enough to recognize it. I've seen elephants push and prod a downed but living elephant in an effort to rouse it to its feet. I've seen them handle it, touch it, and so forth. In so doing, they transmit their own smells to it.

As the body decomposes, elephants continue to touch it. As it begins to look less and less like an elephant, it still retains the smells of other elephants--still smells like one of them, but with the odor of decomposition about it, as well. But still, it smells like one of them. Finally, the dead elephant is reduced to bones. But other elephants continue to touch these familiar-smelling bones, as the program said, almost obsessively.

Is the reason elephants don't do this with other bones because those other bones don't continue to smell like them through this process? Is that really all there is to it? Not because they recognize a piece of a broken skull as being elephant skull, but simply because they've transmitted so much olfactory information to it through handling it repeatedly?

I'd like to see experiments done with elephant bones that have been sterilized, rendered odorless or nearly so, along with the bones of other animals that have been impregnated with the smells of elephants, and see if it's the bones they recognize, or the odors they themselves have placed there.

If in such an experiment, elephants do fondle the bones that smell most like them, regardless of the source, then that would seem to rather discount what the show was promoting: That elephants know their own, even when it's just a tusk or a bit of skull. That they would fondle familiar-smelling bones, even if they came from a lion, or giraffe.

Did I hit upon something, there? What do you think?
 
Why would elephants be concerned about the remains of their own kind - at all?

I can't think of any other animal that does this.

Do chimps do this? Bonobos? Gorillas?
 
Thanks for the article, Fiona. The only thing missing from that account was whether the other objects or skulls smelled all elephant-y too.

An elephant's trunk and feet are very tactile. I can tell the difference in a piece of bone and a piece of wood with my sight and touch. But my sense of smell is not as good as an elephant's, I'm sure. I can see how an ele would reject a bit of wood, but not a bit of bone--they "know" in some sense that the wood doesn't feel like a bone.

But what about the odors? I'm still curious about that part.
 
Why would elephants be concerned about the remains of their own kind - at all?

I can't think of any other animal that does this.

Do chimps do this? Bonobos? Gorillas?

Reports exist of chimps careing about dead babies in the short term (couple of days perhaps). Not sure about adults.

Female elephants probably form rather strong bonds with their fellow elephants. They live in small groups with them for decades. So some level of connection post death is quite posible.
 
Chimps may still believe - even wish - that their partner isn't really dead. We see this with other animals that linger a while around a dead offspring (e.g., The March of the Penguins).

Lions devouring a dead member of its own species is hardly what we are talking about here.

Attention (I won't call it "devotion") to long-dead remains, where only a whiff of decomposed material remains?

Could be misunderstood concern: That they misread the signs and think the member is still alive.
 
I've explained, Larsen, that elephants often try to rouse a downed, living elephant. They may also do this with one recently dead, still trying to get the dead animal to its feet. This is likely due to their very social interactions. A downed elephant can't be part of the herd anymore, as the herd is constantly moving. A non-moving elephant is an anomaly in elephant society.

All that aside, and explicable, I want to know how much scent has to do with it.
 
Does it really rule it out? I see no mention of it, either way. Did I miss that part? I may have done.
 
Not entirely. End of paragraph 3 in section 4 -
[snip] although it remains possible that where ivory is present alongside skulls, elephants may, through tactile or olfactory cues, recognize tusks from individuals that they have been familiar with in life.
 
In one experiment, 17 families were presented with skulls from an elephant, a buffalo and a rhinoceros. The elephants showed considerable interest in the skull of their own species. They did this by smelling and touching individual objects with their trunks and occasionally touching them lightly with their feet.

In another experiment, 19 families were presented with an elephant skull, a piece of ivory and a piece of wood. The creatures showed a strong preference for the skull over the other two objects, and for the ivory over the wood.

The third experiment tested three elephant families who had recently lost the head of their family. Each was presented with three skulls of matriarchs including their own – but they did not show a preference for their relative’s skull.Source

They may be aware of their own species, but they aren't aware of their relatives.
 
Ah, thank you Snow. I did read that, but the answer is incomplete. Yes, they may recognize individuals they once knew, but maybe they also recognize any elephant remains as being elephantine, because it smells like an elephant. Not any particular individual, perhaps. Just elephant-y.

Cool. I'm so glad I asked about this. My hypothesis may hold a very small amount of water after all. :)

(or it may not. I can't, after all, conduct such experiments on my own.)
 
I'd like to see experiments done with elephant bones that have been sterilized, rendered odorless or nearly so, along with the bones of other animals that have been impregnated with the smells of elephants, and see if it's the bones they recognize, or the odors they themselves have placed there.

FWIW I'd have ethical reservations about such an experiment.
 
Beyond that is the practical problem of rendering something"odorless"...to whom? Smell is essentially an airborne molecular chemical recognition facility. We have no way of knowing what elephants can smell (or at least, I doubt any extensive research is extant). Some humans can smell things others can't, for example. It may be possible for elephants to smell basic calcium chemicals in the ivory, or more likely, some of the heavy semi-organic binding chemicals like lignin.

Ruling out smell, which is certainly at least as sophisicated as sight and hearing as senses go, should be very carefully proven. It seems very basic to all life.
 
Just the obvious ones. Would you do that experiment on a human? Without knowing what the elephants understanding of the situation is how would you know the experiment isn't offensive or painful to the elephant?
 
Just the obvious ones. Would you do that experiment on a human? Without knowing what the elephants understanding of the situation is how would you know the experiment isn't offensive or painful to the elephant?

Good thing I'm housebound and phobic, then. Who knows what horrible havoc I could wreak on the world with my ignorance.
 
Does it really rule it out? I see no mention of it, either way. Did I miss that part? I may have done.

All items were washed with a solution of Teepol (which has a low number of contaminant volatiles), given two thorough rinses and air dried before and after experiments. This both controlled for any extraneous differences in scent between the objects prior to the experiments, and prevented accumulation of scent (from handling or elephant interest in particular objects) during the experiments.
 
Just the obvious ones. Would you do that experiment on a human?

Absolutely. Most people have seen skulls at least in any case.

Without knowing what the elephants understanding of the situation is how would you know the experiment isn't offensive or painful to the elephant?

While situations appear to suggest they are not stressed by such remains.
 

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