Right now the only two kinds of signals that might be used from what I know would be electro-magnetic and neutrino beams. I've never heard of anybody actually proposing a neutrino beam but it seems at least conceivable since there have been at least proposed experiments to see if neutrinos could be produced in one place, transmitted through the earth and detected at another location.
But there have been suggestions that there are other possibilities than the microwave frequencies that are mostly commonly scanned by SETI efforts. One such idea is optical laser pulses. This is a technical paper about the possibility:
http://seti.harvard.edu/oseti/tech.pdf
I didn't read through the whole thing but they propose that detection of emitters within a radius of about 1000 LY is possible.
Here is a document that I found discussion the detection range limits for different kinds of earth produced electro magnetic radiation:
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/astronomy/faq/part6/section-12.html
The actual table is about 2/3 of the way through the paper. I put a copy of the table below:
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
Source | Frequency | Bandwidth | Tsys | EIRP | Detection |
| Range | (Br) |(Kelvin)| | Range (R) |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
AM Radio | 530-1605 kHz | 10 kHz | 68E6 | 100 KW | 0.007 AU |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
FM Radio | 88-108 MHz | 150 kHz | 430 | 5 MW | 5.4 AU |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
UHF TV | 470-806 MHz | 6 MHz | 50 ? | 5 MW | 2.5 AU |
Picture | | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
UHF TV | 470-806 MHz | 0.1 Hz | 50 ? | 5 MW | 0.3 LY |
Carrier | | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
WSR-88D | 2.8 GHz | 0.63 MHz | 40 | 32 GW | 0.01 LY |
Weather Radar| | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
Arecibo | 2.380 GHz | 0.1 Hz | 40 | 22 TW | 720 LY |
S-Band (CW) | | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
Arecibo | 2.380 GHz | 0.1 Hz | 40 | 1 TW | 150 LY |
S-Band (CW) | | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
Arecibo | 2.380 GHz | 0.1 Hz | 40 | 1 GW | 5 LY |
S-Band (CW) | | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
Pioneer 10 | 2.295 GHz | 1.0 Hz | 40 | 1.6 kW | 120 AU |
Carrier | | | | | |
-------------+--------------+-----------+--------+--------+-----------+
Notice that a one terawatt signal transmitted from a Arecibo sized antenna is required to reach a range of 150 light years.
So you not only have to envision an advanced civilization. You have to envision an advanced civilization that decides to construct a vastly powerful transmitter, a massive antenna and the desire to use them to engage in what is likely to be only one way communication with a fellow advanced civilizaton.
Seems like a long shot to me.