Dragonrock said:
I was wondering about the maturing of hive insects. Do they go through the stages from egg to adult as other insects do? And are these stages easily recognizable as seperate stages? For example: Do wasps, bees, or ants hatch from eggs then live for a time as non-ambulatory "caterpillars" then enter a pupal stage and emerge as adults?
Have you ever dealt with paper wasps--you know, those really common wasps that you'll see buzzing around your porch or eaves all summer long? I suppose they are common all over the country, and I'd guess all over the world. They build nests under eaves, window sills, tool sheds, etc. They're easy to find. If you look at the nests, you can see the exposed chambers where they grow to adulthood, fed by their older family members.
If you look at the nest while it's still inhabited, you'll see chambers that are closed up. That's where the eggs are. When the eggs hatch, they break through the seal (or maybe the adults break it away) but they stay inside the chamber, with their little heads exposed. The adults feed them as they grow there.
Bug Girl can correct me if I'm wrong, I'm sure, but I think they stay sealed through their egg and pupal stages. Then, in their flightless larval stage, they are tended by adults. When they can fly, they crawl out and look for your picnics and make your life a nuisance.
I think this is pretty typical of these sorts of insects, and most of the common wasps and hornets and ants follow this pattern.
Have you ever turned over a rock and seen hundreds of ants scurrying with little white things in their pinchers? If you look very closely at the white things, you'll see they are either eggs (white and featureless) or pupae (looking like immobile, developing bugs). This is a really easy sight to find if you start turning rocks over in the summer.
edited to add: If I got any of this wrong, it's because I'm drawing almost completely on memories from twenty years ago, when I spent my summer turning over rocks and reading about bugs in library books.