Cont: Electric universe theories here (2)

ziggurat for one is very passionate we can use GAS and PLASMA interchangeably. Leads to skewwhiffy results.
Nobody, and that includes Ziggurat, has claimed that you can use gas and plasma interchangeably. You have been told this over and over, but you still forget.

I once thought you were young(ish) but now I have to consider that you are in fact old, and suffer from dementia.
 
Apologies, rectangles are polygons and GAS is kinda like PLASMA
More of this strange dementia-like behaviour. You really can’t remember what has been said?
Besides, polygons are not kinda like rectangles, so what is your point?
 
More of this strange dementia-like behaviour. You really can’t remember what has been said?
Besides, polygons are not kinda like rectangles, so what is your point?
Nobody, and that includes Ziggurat, has claimed that you can use gas and plasma interchangeably. You have been told this over and over, but you still forget.

I once thought you were young(ish) but now I have to consider that you are in fact old, and suffer from dementia.

Yes you can.

and mainstream do... Todays Phys org story.

Record-breaking cosmic structure discovered in colossal galaxy cluster


Astronomers have discovered the largest known cloud of energetic particles surrounding a galaxy cluster—spanning nearly 20 million light-years. The finding challenges long-standing theories about how particles stay energized over time. Instead of being powered by nearby galaxies, this vast region seems to be energized by giant shockwaves and turbulence moving through the hot gas between galaxies.

Energized hot GAS....This would be PLASMA not GAS. Again.

I rest my case
The findings raise questions for the team because they provide strong evidence for the presence of cosmic ray electrons and magnetic fields stretched out to the periphery of clusters. However, it remains unclear how these electrons accelerated over such large distances.

Ummm.... ELECTRIC FIELDS.

Mainstream really are as bright as ziggurat and steenkh!

The discovery provides researchers a new way to study cosmic magnetic fields—one of the major unanswered questions in astrophysics—that could help scientists understand how magnetic fields shape the universe on the largest scales.


"We're starting to see the universe in ways we never could before," said Rajpurohit. "And that means rethinking how energy and matter move through its largest structures."

Unanswered because gravity (the weakest force) and GAS can not do it. You need dark matter, didn't you know!




Yeah nah, GAS! :sdl:

.
 

Let's ask gpt...The intracluster medium​


The intracluster medium (ICM) is the hot, diffuse gas that fills the space between galaxies in a galaxy cluster. It plays a critical role in both the evolution of galaxy clusters and our ability to observe and study them.

Then goes onto to state...​

Overview​


  • Location: Exists in the space between galaxies within a galaxy cluster.
  • Temperature: Extremely hot, ranging from 10⁷ to 10⁸ Kelvin.
  • State: Fully ionized plasma (electrons and ions separated).
  • Density: Very low, typically 10⁻³ to 10⁻⁴ particles/cm³, but its large volume makes its total mass significant.
Radial Profiles of Radio Halos in Massive Galaxy Clusters: Diffuse Giants Over 2 Mpc

We present new, high frequency radio observations of the merging galaxy clusters PLCK G287.0+32.9, Abell
2744, and Bullet. These clusters are known to host ∼Mpc scale sources, known as radio halos, which are
formed by the acceleration of cosmic rays by turbulence injected into the intracluster medium during cluster
mergers.

So a fully ionised PLASMA and a HOT GAS????

Cause you know electrons and ions separated. Charge separation in a PLASMA giving rise to an ELECTRIC FIELD.

what can cause ELECTRONS to ACCELERATE in a PLASMA?

Thinking caps on here people!

Why call it a GAS in the Press release? So the like of ziggurat and steenkh don't get their noses out of joint?

Like talking circles when we are discussing polygons!
 
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The intracluster medium (ICM) is the hot, diffuse gas that fills the space between galaxies in a galaxy cluster.

As you say, ziggurat, the math just ain't math'n!
 
Why call it a GAS in the Press release?
Because it’s a ◊◊◊◊◊◊◊ press release, meant for general readers without a scientific background, and most people will understand it better that way. There’s no mystery here.
 
but it's not GAS, it is indeed a PLASMA.

Just use the correct term.

PLASMA DOUBLE LAYERS BIRKELAND CURRENTS
 
Just on PLASMA and mainstreams fantasies

Webb 'UNCOVERs' galaxy population driving cosmic renovation


Similar types of galaxies in the present-day universe, such as green peas, release about 25% of their ionizing ultraviolet light into surrounding space. If the low-mass starburst galaxies explored by Wold and his team release a similar amount, they could account for all of the ultraviolet light needed to convert the universe's neutral hydrogen to its ionized form.

Whooboy!

GAS or PLASMA?

Seems to big a big problem for the mainstream. Only in press releases, of course.
 

Record-breaking cosmic structure discovered in colossal galaxy cluster

Astronomers have discovered the largest known cloud of energetic particles surrounding a galaxy cluster—spanning nearly 20 million light-years. The finding challenges long-standing theories about how particles stay energized over time. Instead of being powered by nearby galaxies, this vast region seems to be energized by giant shockwaves and turbulence moving through the hot gas between galaxies.


Anything amiss in this paragraph, ziggurat?

We know GAS of course, even if it HOT. It is a GAS.GAS obeys the Important Gas Laws

You tell me, ziggurat, what is a cloud of energetic particles?
 
Anything amiss in this paragraph, ziggurat?
No. The fact that they don't use your preferred terminology isn't a problem at all.
We know GAS of course, even if it HOT. It is a GAS.GAS obeys the Important Gas Laws
No, actually, they do not. The ideal gas law is only an approximation for real gasses, which is why it's called the ideal gas law and not the real gas law. In many (but not all) cases the ideal gas law is a very good approximation, but real gasses actually deviate from the ideal gas law, sometimes significantly. For example, the Van der Waals equation is more accurate than the ideal gas law for many gasses.

Every time you try to lecture anyone about physics, you reveal your profound ignorance.
 
Preferred?

Impressive, ziggurat! Your knowledge of GAS is vast.

very good approximation,

Ahhh... bit like IDEAL MHD!

but GAS is not PLASMA. Kinda the same dont cut it, scientifically speaking. PLASMA sure doesn't care about GAS laws, ideal or not.
 
It still baffles me when we are discussing PLASMA and you keep referring to GAS.

Are you comfortable to just discuss PLASMA and not GAS?

You had half a crack but spat the dummy and then disappeared for a bit.

NASA Webb Explores Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on Star Formation

The researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity that would typically cause dense clouds of gas and dust to collapse and forge stars, explaining Sagittarius C’s lower-than-expected star formation rate.


Researchers think, what do you think, ziggurat?

I wonder, do you think?

.
 
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It still baffles me when we are discussing PLASMA and you keep referring to GAS.
Everything baffles you. And you keep bringing up gas, not me. I'm just pointing out your misunderstanding of the concept.
Are you comfortable to just discuss PLASMA and not GAS?
None of our exchanges can accurately be described as a discussion. I tell you thinks, and then you ignore them. That's not actually a discussion.
 
Awesome!

We can now use correct terminology.


PLASMA, DOUBLE LAYERS BIRKELAND CURRENTS


not gas, shocks, winds..


Shall we explore the ELECTRIC UNIVERSE together?

NASA Webb Explores Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on Star Formation


The researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity that would typically cause dense clouds of gas and dust to collapse and forge stars, explaining Sagittarius C’s lower-than-expected star formation rate.

strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity
.

The ELECTROMAGNETIC FORECE dominates gravity. By quite a few OOM, to boot!
 
We can now use correct terminology.
Again, what you mean "we", white man? I've been using correct terminology all along. Terminology has never really been the problem. Your lack of understanding of even basic physics has.
The ELECTROMAGNETIC FORECE dominates gravity. By quite a few OOM, to boot!
If that were true, stars would never form at all.
 
So it is fair to call the ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE will dominate the behavior of CHARGED PARTICLES (including CHARGED DUST)?

Birkeland currents are also one of a class of plasma phenomena called a z-pinch, so named because the azimuthal magnetic fields produced by the current pinches the current into a filamentary cable. This can also twist, producing a helical pinch that spirals like a twisted or braided rope, and this most closely corresponds to a Birkeland current. Pairs of parallel Birkeland currents will also interact due to Ampère's force law: parallel Birkeland currents moving in the same direction will attract each other with an electromagnetic force inversely proportional to their distance apart whilst parallel Birkeland currents moving in opposite directions will repel each other. There is also a short-range circular component to the force between two Birkeland currents that is opposite to the longer-range parallel forces.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkeland_current#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a>

Electrons moving along a Birkeland current may be accelerated by a plasma double layer. If the resulting electrons approach the speed of light, they may subsequently produce a Bennett pinch, which in a magnetic field causes the electrons to spiral and emit synchrotron radiation that may include radio, visible light, x-rays, and gamma rays.


azimuthal magnetic fields produced by the current pinches the current into a filamentary cable....researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image
Ok, so this is what PLASMA DOUBLE LAYERS BIRKELAND CURRENTS would be observed as.

The researchers are onto it!

Do you reckon the researchers think?
 
Again, what you mean "we", white man? I've been using correct terminology all along. Terminology has never really been the problem. Your lack of understanding of even basic physics has.

If that were true, stars would never form at all.

yeah nah cool. PLASMA it is!

researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading

Would tend to agree, ziggurat?
 
So it is fair to call the ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE will dominate the behavior of CHARGED PARTICLES (including CHARGED DUST)?
No. That's stupid, and only an idiot would just accept that conclusion categorically. Whether or not electromagnetic force dominates depends on the strength of the electromagnetic field, the strength of any other fields, and what charged particles you are talking about. Since you have specified none of these, no comparison of forces is even possible. In some conditions, electromagnetism will be the strongest force on a charged particle. In other conditions, some other force will be the strongest force on a charged particle. There is no categorical answer.

You can't get even the most basic concepts right, because you don't understand a single damn thing about physics.
 
and what charged particles you are talking about. Since you have specified none of these, no comparison of forces is even possible.

This is PLASMA PHYSICS 101

Electrons moving along a Birkeland current may be accelerated by a plasma double layer

ELECTRONS of course. These are the charge carries.

Is this new to you, ziggurat? This is physics, PLASMA physics to be specific. This is why your (mainstreams) GAS and gravity falls flat on its face.

How does your math handle ELECTRONS in ideal MHD?

:eusa_whistle:
 
You can't get even the most basic concepts right, because you don't understand a single damn thing about physics.

These are basic concepts we are talking about.

The presence of charged particles makes plasma electrically conductive, with the dynamics of individual particles and macroscopic plasma motion governed by collective electromagnetic fields and very sensitive to externally applied fields.


PLASMA.

NASA Webb Explores Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on Star Formation



The researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity that would typically cause dense clouds of gas and dust to collapse and forge stars, explaining Sagittarius C’s lower-than-expected star formation rate.
 
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You talk about them, but you don't understand them.

What on Earth would make you say something so silly?

PLASMA DOUBLE LAYERS BIRKELAND CURRNETS

NASA Webb Explores Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on Star Formation
The researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity that would typically cause dense clouds of gas and dust to collapse and forge stars, explaining Sagittarius C’s lower-than-expected star formation rate.

Seems the lack of understanding here is quite obvious, GAS is kinda like PLASMA...


:sdl:


Remember school when they taught you all about PLASMA? or did you get the SOLIDS LIQUIDS GAS only speel?

Do you even know what a PLASMA is?

magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading

How do these magnetic force constrain the PLASMA to filaments?


Anything, ziggurat?
 
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@Sol88: Since all of your quotes are from mainstream articles, and not a single one questions the basic tenets of mainstream physics, whereas you have a religion that rejects mainstream physics, I wonder why you continue to use these sources, because they’ll never show what you want.
 
@Sol88: Since all of your quotes are from mainstream articles, and not a single one questions the basic tenets of mainstream physics, whereas you have a religion that rejects mainstream physics, I wonder why you continue to use these sources, because they’ll never show what you want.
Yes, you are correct, steenkh. Appologies.

The researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity that would typically cause dense clouds of gas and dust to collapse and forge stars, explaining Sagittarius C’s lower-than-expected star formation rate.

Why on Earth would they think that, steenkh? These are mainstream researchers.

The ELECTRIC CURRENT that we all agree is causing the STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD and confining the PLASMA. These ELECTRONS will be accelerated by an ELECTRIC FIELD. Very very basic stuff...

You, steenkh and mainstream researchers are quite happy to let gravity (attractive ONLY) to accelerate ELECTRON to relativistic velocities.

Thru the very clerver use of numbers by golly you've done it! If gravity goes to infinity... That's some good maths!
 
Yes, you are correct, steenkh. Appologies.
And yet you still think you can find support in mainstream articles.
Why on Earth would they think that, steenkh? These are mainstream researchers.
Yes. What is the problem here? You don’t understand that gravity-produced magnetic fields can be strong enough to defy gravity locally?
The ELECTRIC CURRENT that we all agree is causing the STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD and confining the PLASMA. These ELECTRONS will be accelerated by an ELECTRIC FIELD. Very very basic stuff...

You, steenkh and mainstream researchers are quite happy to let gravity (attractive ONLY) to accelerate ELECTRON to relativistic velocities.
Again, what is the problem here?
Thru the very clerver use of numbers by golly you've done it! If gravity goes to infinity... That's some good maths!
If you have better maths, please show them. The argument that you can’t understand physics, and therefore there is something wrong with physics is not worth anything.
 
Yes, Literally years of evidence and researchers are still thinking...instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity...

but the evidence is now becoming overwhelming. These are STRONG ELECTRIC CURRENTS.

You do agree this is what the observations and evidence say? I think the researchers are correct, do you ziggurat.
 
I think the researchers are correct
No you don't. The researchers you refer to have not concluded that your "electric universe" is correct. The Electric Universe is in fact incompatible with their conclusions. You could only actually believe they are correct if you had abandoned your electric universe nonsense.
 
The Electric Universe is in fact incompatible with their conclusions.

You state.

Interesting. :monkey:


How do the mainstream researchers propose that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image, ziggurat?

How are these strong magnetic forces generated, to confine the plasma and cause filamentation of the plasma?

You refused to answer last time. Will you this time? Or least explain yourself a little more coherently?
 
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You refused to answer last time. Will you this time? Or least explain yourself a little more coherently?
No, I'm not going to answer. For one thing, you aren't worth the effort. None of my past efforts have taught you anything, I would be a fool to expect that now. For another, you could just read actual journal articles and textbooks (not press releases) if you were actually serious about learning. But you won't, because you aren't.
 
That is not the real reason, now is it.

What an interesting example of "ego defense", you are ziggurat.

The researchers think that the magnetic forces in the galactic center may be strong enough to keep the plasma from spreading, instead confining it into the concentrated filaments seen in the Webb image. These strong magnetic fields may also resist the gravity that would typically cause dense clouds of gas and dust to collapse and forge stars, explaining Sagittarius C’s lower-than-expected star formation rate.

NASA Webb Explores Effect of Strong Magnetic Fields on Star Formation


https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9d0b

This discrepancy is an indirect indication that a large portion of the MeerKAT emission must be produced by the nonthermal, synchrotron process. This conclusion is consistent with the in-band spectral index around 1.28 GHz and provides indirect evidence for a strong magnetic field.


The linear morphology of these filaments makes it unlikely that most owe their origins to such shocks. Hence, we propose that magnetized sheets or ropes are a more likely cause of this morphology.

Polarized radio continuum emission from hundreds of nonthermal filaments (NTFs) in the CMZ trace relativistic, magnetically confined synchrotron emission regions (F. Yusef-Zadeh et al. 1984, 2022a, 2022c, 2022b, 2023)

Yeah nah, PLASMA - CHARGE SEPARATION - ELECTRIC CURRENT.

even gpt knows.

pass an electric current thru a plasma, what happens?

reckons...

  • Electrons accelerate in the electric field
  • Increased ionization through electron collisions (avalanche effect)
  • Plasma heats up significantly
  • Light is emitted due to excited atoms (glow or arc)
  • Magnetic fields are generated by the current
  • Plasma may become unstable or self-organize
  • Possible formation of structures (e.g., filaments, pinches)
  • Energy losses through radiation and collisions

PLASMA DOUBLE LAYERS BIRKELAND CURRENTS

:popcorn1
 
Where in that article do you find support for your religion? Please point out where they say that the magnetic fields are generated from PLASMA DOUBLE LAYERS BIRKELAND CURRENTS.
 
Support?

This is the very subject ziggurat refuses to answer.

This discrepancy is an indirect indication that a large portion of the MeerKAT emission must be produced by the nonthermal, synchrotron process. This conclusion is consistent with the in-band spectral index around 1.28 GHz and provides indirect evidence for a strong magnetic field.




the nonthermal, synchrotron process...

^^^
That process^^^

.
 
So you are answering the question, ziggurat?

I am saying ELECTRIC FIELD.

:D

You say MAGNETIC FIELD? Is this correct?

.
 

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