Okay, though experiment about the record company.
Suppose the company is organized into two departments. Department A evaluates the potential market for each project (artist and album) pitched to them by artists' agents. They take all factors into account including the artist's race, insofar as it affects the market estimates. They then produce a breakdown for each project: most likely range of cost, and most likely range of revenue, presented as 90% confidence intervals, over a whole range of marketing scenarios. Let's say they're pretty good at this, and historically, 90% of their estimates have in fact turned out to fall within the projected 90% confidence interval, regardless of the music style.
This information is then passed along to Department B, but only the financial projections. The names, backgrounds, music styles, appearances, and races of the artists, and even what the music sounds like, are withheld from the dossier. Department B makes the decisions on which projects to fund and which marketing scenarios to choose, taking into account the various offered risks and returns, and the company's current financial position.
Let's then say that the result is similar to the actual historical period in question; that is, black artists are less likely to have their projects funded because overall, though there are specific exceptions, the (accurate) market analysis of Department A predicted higher risk or lower revenues for black artists' projects, so the money decisions made in Department B less often went that way.
Which department contains the racists: A, B, both, neither?
For a decision to be racist does not require anyone with individual racist motives.
Lots of discriminatory business decisions are about maximising profit or minimising risk- that doesn't make them any less discriminatory. Refusing to hire staff from ethnic minorities as it will scare away your customers is racist- but it could easily be done by a person who abhors racism yet needs to maximise profit to keep their business afloat- refusing to hire a young married woman as that may incur added costs if she decides to leave to start a family is sexist, but may also be a rational business decision takes by an person who is not sexist. It is because these decisions can be rational business decisions that we have laws against them, changing social attitudes is not enough to stamp them out.
I can agree with this. However, this distinction that is never considered by many. One of the largest issues I have with the A+/FtB is that they forever brand PEOPLE as racist/sexist/whatever, without considering the above. The other being that once, branded, you are forever the enemy.
We have all said something stupid or without thought to how it affects certain groups we are largely ignorant about. That doesn't always and forever make someone a racist, misogynist, etc...
Who cares? You've done an excellent example of explaining institutional racism as Brodski pointed out.
This was a depressing series of responses. Two reasoned answers, and then, "who cares?"
In other words, "you're right but... hey, look over there!"
"Who cares," because once established that you can still call it racism of one form or another, we can get back to sorting out the racists from the non-racists. Despite that we've just shown that
that approach cannot possibly work because racially skewed outcomes can still result from the cumulative effects of individually non-racist decisions.
Brodski makes the point: "For a decision to be racist does not require anyone with individual racist motives."
Okay, then the follow up question, instead of "who cares?" or "look over there!", should be, exactly what
does it require? Is a racially skewed
outcome sufficient to prove a racist decision process? If not, what other elements must exist? That question desperately needs to be examined in detail.
I think I'll take that up in another thread.
Meanwhile, the answer to "who cares?" about whether given individuals are racist, or sexist, in a given case, is
people who are accused of being racist or sexist. Believe it or not, they actually care whether or not the accusation is true. Can you imagine? Well, most people can. So the answer to "who cares?" also includes people concerned about others they think have been unjustly accused of being sexist or racist, and about the people they see as doing the unjust accusing.
"Who cares?" Look at how the A+ and FTB are perceived by non-racists and non-sexists outside those venues. Look at how their efforts to convince and recruit other socially aware humanists, skeptics, atheists, and rationalists are going. That's who cares.
"Who cares?" should show up engraved on a hundred precious ceramic necklaces at the next TAM. Maybe Vacula could make up a few to bring to WiS2. Who would care then?
Respectfully,
Myriad